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Contemporary History What have been three causes of social and cultural change in America during the last 50 years? • Diversity in the workplace – Women and minorities – The Supreme Court’s Role • New immigrant groups • Technology revolution Where have many American women found personal satisfaction? •In the workplace How has the percentage of women in America’s labor force changed in contemporary America? •Increased Do American women still suffer sexual discrimination? •YES! What law prohibits sex discrimination by employers? • Civil Rights Act of 1964 In contemporary America what percentage of American women work outside the home? •More than 50% By the end of the 1970s, what kind of jobs did many American women hold? •Nontraditional jobs How has the Supreme Court become more diverse since the civil rights movement of the 1940’s , 1950’s , and 1960’s? • Women- Sandra Day O’Connor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor st (1 Hispanic), Elena Kagan How has the Supreme Court become more diverse since the civil rights movement of the 1940’s , 1950’s , and 1960’s? • Clarence Thomas (2nd African American after Thurgood Marshall) Who was the first woman appointed to the Supreme Court? •Sandra Day O’Connor Since Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954) the decisions of the Supreme Court have expanded and protected the rights of individuals. The Civil Rights movement of the 1940’s, 1950’s, and 1960’s provided a model that other groups used to help promote civil rights and equal justice for all The Supreme Court protects an individual’s rights as written in the Constitution. The Supreme Court identifies a constitutional basis for a right to privacy that is protected from government interference. The Supreme Court invalidates legislative acts and executive actions that the justices agree exceed the authority granted to government officials by the Constitution of the United States. • The United States Supreme Court, the highest court in the United States, in 2010. Top row (left to right): Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor, Associate Justice Stephen G. Breyer, Associate Justice Samuel A. Alito, and Associate Justice Elena Kagan. Bottom row (left to right): Associate Justice Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy, and Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. What branch of the gov’t. has protected the rights of American women and minorities in the workplace? • Judicial Branch • Supreme Court Name four problems faced by American women in the workplace. • 1. Day Care • 2. Equal Pay • 3. The “Pink Collar” Ghetto • 4. The “Glass Ceiling” What term means women often hold lowprestige, low-paying jobs? • The “Pink Collar” Ghetto Give one example of a “pink collar” ghetto job. •Clerical jobs, like •Secretaries What idea argues that career advancement for women is not equal to that for men? •The “Glass Ceiling” Give an example of the “glass ceiling.” • Few women are CEO’s or heads of major corporations. From what 2 regions of the world have many contemporary immigrants come? • Asia • Latin America For what two reasons have most contemporary immigrants come to the U.S.? • Political Freedom • Economic Opportunity Immigration Policy In America Issues related to our policy • Strain on government services • · Filling low-paying jobs in the United States • · Border issues • · Pathway to citizenship • · Bilingual education – E.S.L • · Increasing cultural diversity Give 2 examples of contemporary immigrants who have come to the U.S. for both political freedom and economic opportunity. • South Vietnamese • Cubans From what country have millions of contemporary immigrants emigrated mainly for economic opportunity? •Mexico Name 4 effects of contemporary immigration on American society and culture. • 1) Bilingual education and ESL courses in public schools • 2) Effects on public policy • 3) Effects on American politics and voting patterns • 4) Lasting contributions What is an ESL course? •English as a Second Language How has Cuban immigration influenced American public policy? •American trade embargo on Cuba What does embargo mean? •Refuse to trade with another country Give 2 examples of how contemporary immigrants have affected American politics and voting patterns. • 1) Cuban-Americans in Florida vote Republican. • 2) Mexican-Americans in California vote Democratic. Give 3 examples of lasting contributions to American culture made by contemporary immigrants. • Diversity in music, the visual arts, and literature • · Roles in the labor force • · Achievements in science, engineering, and other fields What type of jobs have contemporary immigrants often filled? •Low paying jobs Give an example of a low paying job held by contemporary immigrants. •Farm Workers What recent technological advances have given more Americans access to global information and brought changes in work, school, and health care? Examples of technological advances Space exploration • Space shuttle • Mars rover • Voyager missions • Hubble telescope • Space Station •Personal Computers •World Wide Web Communications •Cable Television (24 hr. news channels) •Satellites •Global positioning system (GPS) •Personal communications devices •Robotics What program was a triumph of American technology? •The Space Program What president pledged increased support for the American space program? •John F. Kennedy Who was the 1st American to orbit the Earth? •John Glenn Who was the 1st American to step onto the surface of the moon? •Neil Armstrong What American said, “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind”? •Neil Armstrong Who was the first American woman in space? •Sally Ride · Communications • • • • • Cable Television (24 hr. news channels) Satellites Global positioning system (GPS) Personal communications devices Robotics Personal Computers & Internet • Microsoft and Apple • Online course work • better access to communication and information has given most Americans access to global information and viewpoints. Changes in work, school, and health care in recent decades • Growth of service industries • Breakthroughs in medical research, including improved medical diagnostic and imaging technologies • Outsourcing and offshoring What recent technology has allowed workers to do their jobs from home? • Telecommuting through the Internet What recent technology has opened up educational possibilities through distance learning? •The Internet How has technology in the 2nd half of the 20th century affected medical research? • Important breakthroughs in medical research Who developed a lifesaving vaccine for polio? •Dr. Jonas Salk • America has been and continues to be a world leader in fighting a host of the most troublesome diseases from around the world. • AIDS • Cancer • Malaria • Measles The Reagan Revolution • Ronald Reagan’s policies had an impact on the relationship between the federal government and state governments. • The conservative political philosophy of President Reagan prompted a reevaluation of the size and role of government in the economy and society of contemporary America. Reagan Revolution cont. • President Reagan and conservative Republicans advocated for – tax cuts – transfer of responsibilities to state governments – appointment of judges/justices who exercised “judicial restraint” – reduction in the number and scope of government programs and regulations – strengthening of the American military. More than just 8 years. The “Reagan Revolution” extended beyond his tenure in office with • the election of his vice president, George H. W. Bush 1989 • the election of a centrist Democrat, William J. Clinton 1993 • the Republican sweep of congressional elections and statehouses in the 1990s • the election of George W. Bush as president. 2001 • What was the impact of the “Reagan Revolution” on federalism, the role of government, and state and national elections since 1988? How government relates to our economy • The federal government has the ability to influence the United States economy. It bases its decisions on economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rates, rate of inflation, and unemployment rate. How government relates to our economy • Government promotes a healthy economy characterized by full employment and low inflation through the actions of • the Federal Reserve: Monetary policy decisions control the supply of money and credit to expand or contract economic growth. • the president and Congress: Fiscal policy decisions determine levels of government taxation and spending; government regulates the economy. America and International Terrorism • The United States has confronted the increase in international terrorism by formulating domestic and international policies aimed at stopping terrorism. America and International Terrorism • United States responses to terrorism – Heightened security at home (Patriot Act) • An act of the U.S. Congress that was signed into law by President George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. • The Act dramatically reduced restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, email communications, medical, financial, and other records. America and International Terrorism – Diplomatic and military initiatives • Diplomatic • Military – Iraq – Afghanistan – Other locations around the world