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1000 B.C.E.-500 C.E. Stateless Societies Family/Kin based Rise of Monarchies Rise of Nok Civilization in Western Africa Africa -> Agricultural in general Trade within Africa was common Nok people Agriculturalists/ Pastoralists Iron work -> tools and weapons Spread of Bantu culture Bantu were people from modern day Nigeria and Camroon spread of iron-working across Africa Spread of Bantu language which split 500 different African languages No major religion Animistic Bantu culture spreads across Africa Trade among the separate tribes was common 500 – 1450 c.e. Kingdom of Ghana rises in power (300-1000 c.e.) Much of Africa still stateless societies Sudanic States had a patriarch or a council of elders from a certain lineage lead them Malinke people from between Senegal and Niger rivers separated from Ghana and formed the Empire of Mali (1200-1300) Rise of Mali Sundaita (the Lion Prince) is said to have created the outline of government and society in Mali and created a unified state His successors expanded Mali outward towards the Atlantic coast Mansa Musa: takes a pilgrimage to Mecca Brings back an architect from Muslim Spain Expands Islam in Africa Many places still animistic Spread of Islam in Africa Mansa Musa causes spread around Mali Trade spreads Islam along the Eastern Coast Spread causes a blend of Islamic and African culture Christianity had not spread to sub-Saharan Africa yet The people beyond the Eastern Coast were still animistic Towns like Jenne and Timbuktu had scholars, craft specialists and foriegn merchants Mali’s population was agriculturalist The Eastern (Swahili) Coast boomed with trade with S. W. Asia, India, China Islamic influence caused a blend of African and Islamic culture along the Swahili coast The rulers and merchants had a more Islamic culture The common people had a more African culture The Arabic language was used and blended with Bantu to make the Swahili language The Bantu had fully migrated throughout sub-Saharan Africa Trade w/ S. W. Asia brought in Islam Trade w/ rest of Asia brought commercial goods Bantu migrations caused more kingdoms to form in southern Africa 1450 - 1750 Portuguese start trading along the coasts Gold Salt Ivory Slaves The Dutch, British, and French get involved in slave trade Africa received goods and gave slaves in the Triangular Trade South Africa has Boers (Dutch farmers) Plantations worked by slaves The missionaries followed the traders’ path to gain Christian converts Muslim reform movements-1770’s West and Central Africa consisted of small states War was common prisoners of war were traded for weapons The states closest to the coast had most power b/c they had European weaponry Europeans were incorporated into African art work Nzinga Mvemba tried to Europeanize his kingdom The Europeans didn’t change much of Africa's culture Africa becomes the world’s source of Slaves S. W. Asia take women and children European’s take men (and later women) to work the plantations Slaves are traded for guns which are used to get more slaves 1750 - 1914 Africa -> Tropical dependency Small group of Europeans rule large group of natives Europeans believed the Africans were not fit to rule themselves French Revolution shook control in some parts of Africa Used for goods during industrial revolution Not many consumers South Africa gold dispute Britain fought the boers for land in South Africa containing gold People were getting categorized into “tribes” Labeled the Africans as backwards and tribal Racial views decreased education in Africa Colonizer was considered greater than the colonized Christianity got better hold under European control Religion became a reason for imperialism Africa came under European control Primarily used by Europe for resources Christianity gains ground in Africa 1914 - Present Berlin Conference split up control of Africa The new borders put warring groups of people together Africans began rebelling European control Borders of independent Africa contained rival tribes Led to civil wars Resources used up by Europe Recourses for military more than for education and hospitals Population too high for economy to support Economic problems led to civil wars Diseases Diverse influence in African architecture Aids HIV Baroque Gujarati Turkish Symmetrical masks, statues popular Africa obtained many religions Christianity Islam Judaism And had many of its own indigenous religions Africa broke free from European control United Nations sets standards for basic human rights