Download Lab - Modeling Atomic Structure and Bonding w-Skittles

Eastern Intermediate High School
Honors Biology
Name:_____________________________
Mod:________ Date:_________________
Unit 2 – Inorganic Chemistry
Lab - Modeling Atomic Structure and Bonding with Skittles
Pre-Lab Questions
Directions: Read the entire investigation then answer the following questions.
1.
What are the three subatomic particles found in atoms?
________________________________________________________________
2.
What is a chemical compound?
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3.
What is a molecule?
________________________________________________________________
4.
Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.
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________________________________________________________________
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5.
What color Skittles will be used to represent each of the subatomic particles?
a. Neutrons - _______________
b. Protons – _______________
c. Electrons - _______________
6.
7.
How many electrons fit into each of the following energy levels (orbitals)?
a. 1st: _______
b. 2nd: _______
c. 3rd: _______
d.
How many models will you be constructing? ____________
8.
Which page of the accelerated text provides help for constructing your models? ____________
9.
Practice: Use the Periodic Table and record the number of subatomic particles for each of following
elements:
Element
Number of
Protons
Number of
Electrons
Helium
Nitrogen
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Number of
Neutrons
Procedure
PART 1
1.
Carefully open your bag of Skittles and separate them according to their color. You may eat the
blue, purple, and orange Skittles now. Save the rest!
WARNING: One point will be deducted from every lab grade for each
Skittle found on the floor after class!
2.
Use the Periodic Table and record the number of subatomic particles for each of following
elements:
Element
Number of
Protons
Number of
Electrons
Number of
Neutrons
Atomic
Number
Mass
Number
Lithium
Fluorine
*Remember the number of protons is equal to the atomic number. The number of neutrons
is equal to mass number – atomic number. Number of electrons equals the number of
protons.
3.
For this activity the Skittles will represent the subatomic particles found in atoms. Use the
following key for assembling your atoms:
Particle
Skittle Color
Proton
Red
Neutron
Yellow
Electron
Green
1.
Construct one atom of Lithium using your Skittles. Use the Figure 2-3 on page 38 in the
accelerated text for help. NOTE: Electrons must be placed into their proper orbital’s! Get a stamp
then sketch your Atom in the box on Lab Worksheet
2.
Construct one atom of Fluorine using your Skittles. Get a stamp then sketch your Atom in the
box on Lab Worksheet
3.
Lithium will form an ionic bond by giving up one electron to Fluorine. Model this loss of an
electron by moving one electron from Lithium to Fluorine.
4.
The two ions are now oppositely charged. Opposites attract, so the two ions will form an ionic
bond.
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5.
Construct this new ionic compound. Get a stamp then sketch your new ionic compound in
your data table. Be sure to include the charges of each ion. (positive or negative)
6.
Don’t Eat Yet!
PART 2
7. Use the Periodic Table and record the number of subatomic particles for each of following elements:
Element
Number of
Protons
Number of
Electrons
Number of
Neutrons
Atomic
Number
Mass
Number
Carbon
Oxygen
8.
Construct one atom of Carbon using your Skittles. Get a stamp then sketch your Atom in the box
on Lab Worksheet
9.
Construct two atoms of Oxygen using your Skittles. Get a stamp then sketch your Atom in the
box on Lab Worksheet
10. Carbon will form a covalent bond by sharing two electrons with each of the Oxygen atoms.
Model this by moving two electrons from Carbon closer to each of the Oxygen atoms.
11. Each atom of Oxygen will share two of its electrons with the Carbon atom. Model this by moving
two electrons from each of the Oxygen atoms closer to the Carbon atom.
12. Construct your covalent compound. Get a stamp then sketch your new molecular (covalent)
compound in the your data table. Draw a circle around the electrons that are being shared by
the atoms
13. You may now eat all your remaining Skittles.
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Lab Worksheet
Step 4 - Sketch your Lithium atom in the box below.
Stamp _________
1. Atomic number = _______
2. Mass number = _______
3. Charge or no charge?
Explain:
Step 5 - Sketch your Fluorine atom in the box below. Stamp _________
1. Atomic number = _______
2. Mass number = _______
3. Charge or no charge?
Explain:
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Step 8 - Sketch the ionic compound Lithium Fluoride. Stamp _______________
Lithium Charge __________
Fluorine Charge __________
Step 11 - Sketch the atom Carbon. Stamp ____________
1. Atomic number ________
2. Mass number _________
3. Charge or no charge?
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Step 12. Sketch two Oxygen Atoms. Get a stamp before you sketch ________.
1. Atomic number ________
2. Mass number _________
3. Charge or no charge?
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#15 Sketch the covalent compound. Get a stamp _________
1. What is the name of this covalent molecule?
_____________________________________
2. What behavior makes this molecule covalent in nature? ____________________________________
Analysis Questions
1. How are atoms in a compound held together?
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2. Explain in your own words how electrons are used in bonding.
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3. How are ionic bonds like magnets?
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4. Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. Why do you think covalent bonds are stronger?
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Quinn_Gavin
Friday, October 2, 2009 3:22:32 PM ET