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W4 – Severe Weather Temperature Is a measure of the heat (energy) of an environment Precipitation Any form of water includes Rain, snow, sleet, hail, and fog Atmospheric Pressure The pressure exerted on the surface of earth as a result of gravity pulling on the air column above it Humidity A measure of the amount of water vapour in the air Wind Speed and Direction Air moving from an area of high pressure to low pressure Sky Cover The types of clouds present in the sky Air Masses A large region of atmosphere where the temperature, density, and humidity are the same to the properties of the land beneath it Form over tropical or polar regions High Pressure System When an air mass cools over a cold region on land Air loses energy, the particles in air move slower, they can be closer to one another thus they produce dense air. The denser air sinks, as it sinks it warmer and capable of holding more water vapour making it dryer. Low Pressure System When air mass travels over warm land The air mass warms, it expands and rises, the rising air mass cools The air may condense, producing clouds or precipitation At the Earth`s surface the atmospheric pressure decreases so air flows toward the low pressure area. Fronts The edge or boundary of an air mass Cold Front When cold, dense air displaces warm air, it forces the warm air, which is less sense, up along a steep slope Warm Front Advancing warm air displaces cold air along a warm front, which develops a gradual boundary slope Stationary Front When two air masses meet but neither advances, the boundary between them stalls. The resulting stationary front often occurs between air masses that have small temperature and pressure differences. Occluded Front (blocked or obstructed) Sometimes a cold air mass moves so fast that it overtakes a warm front, forcing the warm air up. As the warm is lifted, the advancing cold air mass collides with the cold air mass in front of the warm front.