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Transcript
INTRO TO EARTH SCIENCE Mr. Gift Earth/Environmental Science WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE? • The study of the earth and the universe (multiverse) around it • Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple universes • Several different branches of Earth Science in order to cover all aspects LITHOSPHERE (GEOLOGY) • Origin, history, and structure of the solid earth • Natural resources • Forces within earth • Fossils to learn about earth’s past HYDROSPHERE (OCEANOGRAPHY) • Study of earth’s water (3/4 of earth’s surface) • Oceans, rivers, groundwater, water vapor • Oceanography – study of oceans and life in oceans ATMOSPHERE • Study of Earth’s gases • Weather patterns • Weather forecasts • Climate Change (METEOROLOGY) BIOSPHERE (ECOLOGY) • Study of the complex relationships between living things and the environment • Balancing the environment • Pollution and its affects on the planet • Ecosystem – community of organisms and the environment they inhabit • Biosphere – all life on earth and physical environment which supports it ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES • All of these branches of Earth science have environmental issues • We will be studying the following: • Water shortages/pollution • Climate Change • Species degradation/extinction • Overpopulation/Ecological Footprint ASTRONOMY • Study of universe beyond earth • Oldest branch • Ancient Babylonians charted planet positions 4,000 years ago THE BEGINNING... • ...of the universe • Time and matter • What is matter • What is the difference/similarities of matter and energy • What is time? BIG BANG THEORY • E XPA ND I N happens G Universe – rewind it...what • Lead scientists to believe Universe was together at one time BIG BANG THEORY • All matter and energy compressed into extremely small volume • 14 billion years ago (??) sudden event (big bang) sent all matter and energy hurling outward • As cloud expanded, matter gathered into clumps and evolved into galaxies OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE The Size of our Universe and Our Place in the Cosmos WHERE DO WE LIVE? • We obviously live on the planet earth • Earth Revolves around our start called the Sun • One of multiple planets in our solar system OUR SOLAR SYSTEM • Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun in our SOLAR SYSTEM • Approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy OUR GALAXY • Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way Galaxy • Galaxy - a large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space • Approximately 100200 billion galaxies in the universe LOCAL GROUP • Cluster of Galaxies in a “smaller” area • Ours includes 54 galaxies (including our own) UNIVERSE • Totality of existence,[including planets, stars, galaxies the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE • On Earth, we use miles or km for measurement • Earth’s circumference at the equator is 24,901 miles (40,075 km) SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE • In our solar system, we use Astronomical Units (AU) • 1 AU is approximately 150 million km • Earth is 1 AU from the sun • Neptune is 30.07 AU from the sun (4.5 billion km) SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE • In the Universe we use light years (ly) • Light year – How far light can travel in one year • Light travels 300,000 m/s • 1 light year (ly) = 9.46 trillion km • Ex: the Milky Way is between 100,000 and 120,000 light years across http://scaleofuniverse.com /