Download Intro to Earth science

INTRO TO EARTH SCIENCE
Mr. Gift
Earth/Environmental Science
WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE?
• The study of the earth and the universe
(multiverse) around it
• Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple
universes
• Several different branches of Earth Science in
order to cover all aspects
LITHOSPHERE
(GEOLOGY)
• Origin, history, and structure of the solid earth
• Natural resources
• Forces within earth
• Fossils to learn about earth’s past
HYDROSPHERE
(OCEANOGRAPHY)
• Study of earth’s water (3/4 of earth’s surface)
• Oceans, rivers, groundwater, water vapor
• Oceanography – study of oceans and life in
oceans
ATMOSPHERE
• Study of Earth’s gases
• Weather patterns
• Weather forecasts
• Climate Change
(METEOROLOGY)
BIOSPHERE
(ECOLOGY)
• Study of the complex relationships between living
things and the environment
• Balancing the environment
• Pollution and its affects on the planet
• Ecosystem – community of organisms and the
environment they inhabit
• Biosphere – all life on earth and physical
environment which supports it
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• All of these branches of Earth science have
environmental issues
• We will be studying the following:
• Water shortages/pollution
• Climate Change
• Species degradation/extinction
• Overpopulation/Ecological Footprint
ASTRONOMY
• Study of universe beyond earth
• Oldest branch
• Ancient Babylonians charted planet positions
4,000 years ago
THE BEGINNING...
• ...of the universe
• Time and matter
• What is matter
• What is the difference/similarities of matter and
energy
• What is time?
BIG BANG THEORY
• E XPA
ND I N
happens
G
Universe – rewind it...what
• Lead scientists to believe Universe was together
at one time
BIG BANG THEORY
• All matter and energy compressed into extremely
small volume
• 14 billion years ago (??) sudden event (big bang)
sent all matter and energy hurling outward
• As cloud expanded, matter gathered into clumps
and evolved into galaxies
OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE
The Size of our Universe and Our Place in the Cosmos
WHERE DO WE LIVE?
• We obviously live on the planet earth
• Earth Revolves around our start called the Sun
• One of multiple planets in our solar system
OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
• Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun in our
SOLAR SYSTEM
• Approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy
OUR GALAXY
• Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way
Galaxy
• Galaxy - a large system of stars held together by
mutual gravitation and isolated from similar
systems by vast regions of space
• Approximately 100200 billion galaxies in
the universe
LOCAL GROUP
• Cluster of Galaxies in a “smaller” area
• Ours includes 54 galaxies (including our
own)
UNIVERSE
• Totality of existence,[including planets, stars,
galaxies the contents of intergalactic space, and
all matter and energy.
SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE
• On Earth, we use miles or km for
measurement
• Earth’s circumference at the equator is
24,901 miles (40,075 km)
SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE
• In our solar system, we use Astronomical Units
(AU)
• 1 AU is approximately 150 million km
• Earth is 1 AU from the sun
• Neptune is 30.07 AU from the sun (4.5 billion
km)
SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE
• In the Universe we use light years (ly)
• Light year – How far light can travel in one year
• Light travels 300,000 m/s
• 1 light year (ly) = 9.46 trillion km
• Ex: the Milky Way is between 100,000 and 120,000
light years across
http://scaleofuniverse.com
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