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Chapter 14 Organ Donation: Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
2) Similar cells that are grouped together and perform a common function are called
A) tissues.
B) organs.
C) organ systems.
D) accessory organs.
4) Fat and blood are classified as ________ tissues.
A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous
6) The cells that make up loose connective tissue are called
A) fibroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondrocytes.
D) hepatocytes.
8) When stored fat is used for energy, adipose cells in the body
A) grow larger.
B) become smaller.
C) multiply.
D) are converted into fibroblasts.
10) The cells that make up cartilage are called
A) fibroblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondrocytes.
D) hepatocytes.
12) All the following are types of loose connective tissue EXCEPT
A) cartilage.
B) blood.
C) fat.
14) How do striated and smooth muscles differ?
A) Striated muscle is involuntary, but smooth muscle is voluntary.
B) Striated muscle has a banding pattern under the microscope, but smooth muscle
doesn't.
C) Striated muscle can contract for a long period, but smooth muscle contracts very briefly.
D) All the above are correct.
16) What types of tissues can be transplanted from one person to another?
A) cartilage
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B) epithelium
C) bones
D) blood
E) All the above are correct.
18) Osteocytes are cells that secrete substances to make BONES.
20) Which tissue type in the human body is exposed directly to the bloodstream?
A) muscle
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous
22) Which type of cells protects the body from the potentially harmful effects of ultraviolet
radiation?
A) nervous
B) muscle
C) epithelial
D) connective
24) The proteins that make up the ________ of connective tissue are secreted by ________.
A) matrix; hepatocytes
B) matrix; fibroblasts
C) elastin; fibroblasts
D) matrix; osteocytes
26) Platelets are cells found in a type of
A) epithelial tissue.
B) muscle tissue.
C) nervous tissue.
D) connective tissue.
28) Which of the following represent the main components of "red meat"?
A) osteocytes
B) fibroblasts
C) collagen and elastin
D) actin and myosin
30) All the following are examples of involuntary muscle contraction EXCEPT
A) a push-up.
B) peristalsis.
C) a heartbeat.
D) stomach churning.
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32) In which connective tissue type are the collagen fibers arranged parallel with one another in a
very organized, layered fashion?
A) bone
B) blood
C) adipose
D) tendon
E) cartilage
34) The liver filters all the following from the blood EXCEPT
A) toxins.
B) chyme.
C) drugs.
D) dead cells.
36) Emulsification is the
A) digestion of food inside vacuoles.
B) breaking up of fat molecules.
C) secretion of digestive enzymes in the stomach.
D) involuntary movement of a bolus through the alimentary canal.
38) Which of the following diseases affects the liver and could be transferred by an organ
transplant?
A) hepatitis C
B) polio
C) gonorrhea
D) tuberculosis
40) Up to ________ of the energy supplied by the digestion of food is needed to maintain a
complete digestive system.
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A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 30%
D) 75%
42) A digested nutrient enters the bloodstream via
A) a series of large pores in the duodenum.
B) tiny blood vessels inside the microvilli.
C) the liver.
D) small openings in the epithelium of the stomach.
44) What is the correct sequence of bodily organization, from simple to complex?
A) cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism
B) organs - organ systems - tissues - cells - organism
C) tissues - cells - organs - organ systems - organism
D) cells - tissues - organ systems - organs - organism
46) Which of the following is a true statement about organs?
A) Each organ has a single function within the body.
B) An organ contains at least three different tissue types.
C) Organs aren't often transplanted from individuals who die from cardiac death.
D) Most organs intended for transplants can be frozen and stored for up to five years.
48) A person born without an epiglottis couldn't
A) digest fats.
B) digest proteins.
C) digest carbohydrates.
D) absorb the products of digestion.
E) swallow food without a high risk of choking.
50) Just before entering the small intestine, what is the pH of chyme?
A) basic (high pH)
B) acidic (low pH)
C) neutral (pH near 7)
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52) What part of the digestive system has the most surface area for the absorption of nutrients?
A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine
54) Which organ in the digestive system can be transplanted to help certain diabetic patients?
A) stomach
B) gallbladder
C) liver
D) pancreas
E) spleen
56) The enzyme in saliva that breaks down sugars is called Salivary amylase.
58) The simplest eukaryotes, such as protozoans, rely upon
A) digestion within food vacuoles.
B) an incomplete digestive system.
C) a complete digestive system.
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60) Homeostasis is an organism's ability to
A) store energy as fat.
B) digest polymers into subunits.
C) maintain a constant internal environment.
D) survive without water for long periods of time.
E) build complex molecules.
64) The maintenance of blood glucose levels by the liver is an example of
A) diabetes.
B) thermoregulation.
C) positive feedback.
D) negative feedback.
66) Why are there more tissues available for transplant than organs?
A) Tissues can be preserved forever, but organs must be transplanted immediately.
B) Nonhuman animals are the source of all tissue transplants, but organs for transplant must
come from humans.
C) Tissues can be removed from living donors, whereas organs can only be removed from dead
bodies.
D) Cardiac deaths are more common than brain deaths, and organs often deteriorate as a
result of cardiac deaths.
68) Which organ isn't able to be transplanted from a donor to a recipient?
A) a kidney
B) a heart
C) a liver
D) a brain
E) a lung
70) In order to increase blood glucose levels, the pancreas secretes the hormone ________,
which stimulates the liver to convert stored ________ into ________.
A) glucagon; glucose; glycogen
B) glycogen; glucose; glucagon
C) glucagon; glycogen; glucose
D) cholesystokinin; glucose; glycogen
72) The maintenance of body systems, or a "steady state," is known as
A) endothermy.
B) negative feedback.
C) positive feedback.
D) homeostasis.
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