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Chapter 41 The Child with an Infectious Disease Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Transmission of Pathogens Direct contact with another infected person Contact with animal or insect carriers Ingestion of contaminated food or water Contact with a contaminated object Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Vaccines Active immunity occurs either naturally or through vaccine administration. Live or attenuated Killed or inactivated toxins Human immune globulin Animal serum or antitoxins Under-served children may not receive vaccines. Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4 Infectious Disease Assessment Thorough history Recent exposure Environmental causes Documentation of lesions Child's temperature Any associated signs and symptoms Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Types of Infectious Disease Viral infections Bacterial infections Fungal infections Rickettsial infections Borrelia infections Helminths Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Viral Exanthems Rubeola (measles) Rubella (German measles) Fifth disease (parvovirus B19) Roseola infantum Enterovirus infection (Coxsackievirus) Varicella-zoster (chickenpox) Herpes zoster Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13 Other Viral Infections Mumps Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis) Rabies Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14 Question Varicella-zoster (chicken pox) lesions are best described as __________. papules B. macules C. petechiae D. vesicles A. Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15 Bacterial Infections Pertussis (whooping cough) Scarlet fever Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) Clostridium difficile Neonatal sepsis Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17 Rare Viral and Bacterial Infections Rarely seen as many of these diseases have been eliminated by vigorous immunization programs Variola (smallpox) Poliomyelitis Diphtheria Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 18 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Other Infections Fungal Rickettsial Borrelia Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lyme disease Relapsing fever Helminths Worms Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 20 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 21 Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 22 Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs can be transmitted to neonates during delivery. Children who acquire STDs should be evaluated for sexual abuse. Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to prevent STDs. Elsevier items and derived items © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 23