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Chapter 41
The Child with an Infectious Disease
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Transmission of Pathogens
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Direct contact with another infected person
Contact with animal or insect carriers
Ingestion of contaminated food or water
Contact with a contaminated object
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Vaccines
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Active immunity occurs either naturally or
through vaccine administration.
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Live or attenuated
 Killed or inactivated toxins
 Human immune globulin
 Animal serum or antitoxins
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Under-served children may not receive
vaccines.
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Infectious Disease Assessment
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Thorough history
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Recent exposure
Environmental causes
Documentation of lesions
Child's temperature
Any associated signs and symptoms
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Types of Infectious Disease
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Viral infections
Bacterial infections
Fungal infections
Rickettsial infections
Borrelia infections
Helminths
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
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Viral Exanthems
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Rubeola (measles)
Rubella (German measles)
Fifth disease (parvovirus B19)
Roseola infantum
Enterovirus infection (Coxsackievirus)
Varicella-zoster (chickenpox)
Herpes zoster
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Other Viral Infections
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Mumps
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis)
Rabies
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Question
Varicella-zoster (chicken pox) lesions are best
described as __________.
papules
B. macules
C. petechiae
D. vesicles
A.
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Bacterial Infections
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Pertussis (whooping cough)
Scarlet fever
Methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA)
Clostridium difficile
Neonatal sepsis
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Rare Viral and Bacterial Infections
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Rarely seen as many of these diseases have
been eliminated by vigorous immunization
programs
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Variola (smallpox)
 Poliomyelitis
 Diphtheria
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Other Infections
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Fungal
Rickettsial
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Borrelia
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Lyme disease
Relapsing fever
Helminths
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Worms
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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STDs can be transmitted to neonates during
delivery.
Children who acquire STDs should be evaluated
for sexual abuse.
Abstinence is the only 100% effective way to
prevent STDs.
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