Download Totalitarian Regimes 2012-2013

Communism and
Totalitarian Regimes
China in the 1900’s
China was ready for Revolution.
1) Foreign Influence controlled
trade and economic resources
2) Many wanted improvements in
education, military, and the
economy
3) Qing dynasty (ruled since 1644)
was overthrown by the
Kuomintang (nationalists) in
1911
Chinese Communist Party
• Founded by Mao Zedong
(1921)
• Influenced and aided by the
Soviet Union (Lenin)
• Jiang Jeishi became
President (supported by U.S.
& GB) and they fought
against the communists
• 1930’s bloody civil war
lasting until 1949
Nationalists vs. Communists
• Mao- recruited peasants (Red
Army) “guerilla tactics”
• The Long March (6,000 miles)communists outnumbered by
nationalists
• Japan sees weakness & invades
(mid 1930’s)- puts civil war on
hold
• By 1949- China becomes
Communist under Mao Zedong
• U.S. feared- communist would
spread throughout the world.
Rise of Totalitarian/ Fascist
Governments
* Radical leaders began to emerge after Post-WWI
Europe:
- Adolf Hitler and Nazism, a type of Fascism in
Germany
- Benito Mussolini and Fascism in Italy
* Most of the new Republics of Europe were not meeting
the economic and social needs of their people
* Weimar Republic of Germany could not deal with
inflation in the German economy
* The Italian Social Republic had no political power
against political revolutionaries
The Rise of Nazi Germany
• Adolf Hitler was a soldier in World War I and
resented the Versailles peace settlements
• In 1920, Hitler joined the small Nazi Party and
became its leader the next year.
• A master orator, he gained support of the German
people through nationalism, anti-semitism, anticommunism, and charisma
• Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany in
1933
• Hitler quickly established a totalitarian state in
Germany
Rise of Facist Italy
*Benito Mussolini was the leader of the National
Fascist Party in Italy
*He became the Prime Minister in 1922 and
established a totalitarian state
-He used massive propaganda to influence the
Italian people
-He outlawed all other political parties
-He declared himself the Head of Government
-He launched huge economic recovery programs
Characteristics of Fascist
Totalitarianism
• Used extreme nationalism to get and maintain public
support
• Wanted to expand military and conquer land
• Protect private property (some capitalism) but the state
controls production and big industry.
• Disagree and condemn both Democracy and
Communism
• Hitler and Mussolini were Fascist Dictators