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Special Topics
Lesson Plan
Chapter 14
150 minutes
Learning Objectives
1. Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter.
2. Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms relating to the medical fields introduced in this chapter.
3. Describe pertinent information relating to pharmacology.
4. Describe pertinent information relating to mental health.
5. Describe pertinent information relating to diagnostic imaging.
6. Describe pertinent information relating to rehabilitation services.
7. Describe pertinent information relating to surgery.
8. Describe pertinent information relating to oncology.
9. Identify and define vocabulary terms relating to the topics.
10. Identify and define selected pathology terms relating to the topics.
11. Identify and define selected diagnostic procedures relating to the topics.
12. Identify and define selected therapeutic procedures relating to the topics.
13. Define selected abbreviations associated with the topics.
Minutes
Concepts for Lecture
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Teaching Notes
20 mins
LO 1
Identify and define the combining forms and suffixes introduced in this chapter.
Text Pages: 490; 499; 506; 513; 519; 525
PowerPoint Slides: 59; 59-65; 9598; 127130; 156162; 189193
Pharmacology Combining Forms
aer/o
air
bucc/o
cheek
chem/o
drug
cutane/o
skin
derm/o
skin
enter/o
intestine
hal/o
to breathe
iatr/o
physician, medicine, treatment
idi/o
distinctive
lingu/o
tongue
muscul/o
muscle
or/o
mouth
pharmac/o
drug
rect/o
rectum
thec/o
sheath (meninges)
topic/o
a specific area
toxic/o
poison
vagin/o
vagina
ven/o
vein
Pharmacology Suffixes
-al
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-genic
produced by
-ic
pertaining to
-ical
pertaining to
-ist
specialist
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Teaching Tips
 Encourage/remind students to add
new word parts to flash cards.
 Emphasize that it is more important
to memorize word parts than individual terms, since many important terms
can easily be defined by just breaking
them down.
Classroom Activities
 Medical Terminology Bee: Create
PowerPoint flash cards of new combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes
presented in this chapter. Have all
students stand and then define the
word part. If the student is correct,
he/she remains standing. If the student is wrong, he/she sits down. Continue until only one student is standing.
Worksheets
 14A – New Combining Form and
Suffix Handout
Independent Study
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Flash card generator
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
-logy
-phylaxis
study of
protection
Pharmacology Prefixes
antiagainst
contraagainst
ininward
intrawithin
paranear, beside
probefore
subunder
transthrough
Mental Health Combining Forms
amnes/o
forgetfulness
anxi/o
fear, worry
chondr/o
cartilage
compuls/o
drive, compel
deluss/o
false belief
depress/o
to press down
electr/o
electricity
factiti/o
artificial, contrived
hallucin/o
imagined perception
klept/o
to steal
ment/o
mind
obsess/o
besieged by thoughts
path/o
disease
ped/o
child
pharmac/o
drug
phob/o
irrational fear
phren/o
mind
psych/o
mind
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quiz
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14A – New Word Parts Quiz
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 Fill-in-the-Blank questions
pyr/o
schiz/o
soci/o
somat/o
somn/o
fire
split
society
body
sleep
Mental Health Suffixes
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ia
state, condition
-iatrist
physician
-iatry
medical treatment
-ic
pertaining to
-ism
state of
-logical
pertaining to the study of
-logist
one who studies
-logy
study of
-mania
frenzy
-orexia
appetite
-ous
pertaining to
-philia
attracted to
-therapy
treatment
-tic
pertaining to
Mental Health Prefixes
anwithout
antiagainst
autoself
bitwo
dewithout
disapart
exoutward
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
hyperhypoin-
excessive
below
not
Diagnostic Imaging Combining Forms
anter/o
front
fluor/o
fluorescence, luminous
later/o
side
nucle/o
nucleus
poster/o
back
radi/o
ray (X-ray)
roentgen/o
X-ray
son/o
sound
tom/o
to cut
Diagnostic Imaging Suffixes
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-graphy
process of recording
-ic
pertaining to
-ior
pertaining to
-logist
one who studies
-logy
study of
-lucent
to shine through
-opaque
nontransparent
-scopy
process of visually examining
Diagnostic Imaging Prefix
ultrabeyond
Rehabilitation Services Combining Forms
cry/o
cold
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
cutane/o
electr/o
erg/o
habilitat/o
hydr/o
my/o
orth/o
phon/o
physic/o
prosthet/o
therm/o
skin
electric current
work
ability
water
muscle
straight, correct
sound
body
addition
heat
Rehabilitation Services Suffixes
-al
pertaining to
-graphy
process of recording
-ic
pertaining to
-nomics
pertaining to laws
-ous
pertaining to
-phoresis
carrying
-therapy
treatment
-tic
pertaining to
Rehabilitation Services Prefixes
reagain
transacross
ultrabeyond
Surgery Combining Forms
alges/o
pain
aspir/o
to breathe in
cis/o
to cut
cry/o
cold
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
cutane/o
dilat/o
electr/o
esthes/o
hal/o
hem/o
later/o
lith/o
recumb/o
sect/o
specul/o
tenacul/o
topic/o
ven/o
skin
to widen
electricity
sensation, feeling
to breathe
blood
side
stone
to lie back
to cut
to look at
to hold
a specific area
vein
Surgery Suffixes
-al
-ia
-ic
-ist
-logist
-logy
-otomy
-ous
-scopic
-stasis
-stat
pertaining to
state, condition
pertaining to
specialist
one who studies
study of
to cut into
pertaining to
pertaining to visually examining
standing still
standing still
Surgery Prefixes
anwithout
disapart
endowithin
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
inintraperipostpreresub-
inward
within
around
after
before
again
under
Oncology Combining Forms
bi/o
life
blast/o
primitive cell
capsul/o
to box
carcin/o
cancerous
chem/o
drug
cyt/o
cell
immun/o
protection
lapar/o
abdomen
laps/o
to slide back
miss/o
to send back
morbid/o
ill
mort/o
death
mutat/o
to change
onc/o
tumor
path/o
disease
radic/o
root
radi/o
rays (X-rays)
tox/o
poison
Oncology Suffixes
-al
pertaining to
-gen
that which produces
-genic
producing
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
-logic
-logist
-logy
-oma
-opsy
-otomy
-plasia
-plasm
-therapy
pertaining to studying
one who studies
study of
tumor
to view
to cut into
growth, formation
growth, formation
treatment
Oncology Prefixes
eninward
hyperexcessive
inwithin
neonew
reagain
LO 2
Correctly spell and pronounce medical terms relating to the
medical fields introduced in this chapter.
Text Pages: throughout chapter
Pronunciation for medical terms in this chapter can be found:
• In parentheses following key terms
• In Audio Glossary in Medical Terminology Interactive
• In Audio Glossary at Companion Website
Teaching Tips
 Emphasize to students the importance
of correctly spelling terms and how
sounding out terms can assist in learning how to spell the terms.
 Say each new term in class and have
the students repeat it.
Worksheets
 14C – Sound It Out
Independent Study
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Audio Glossary
 Spelling test
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14B – Spelling Quiz
20 mins
LO 3
Describe pertinent information relating to pharmacology.
Text Pages: 491496
PowerPoint Slides: 1042
Teaching Tips
 Use examples of real prescriptions
and have students interpret physician’s instructions.
Pharmacology
• Study of origin, characteristics, and effects of drugs
 Word Watch: The terms drug and
• Drugs are obtained from many different sources:
medication have the same meaning.
• Vitamins found naturally in foods we eat
However, the general public often us• Hormones obtained from animals
es the term drug to refer to a narcotic
• Penicillin and some other antibiotics are developed from fungi
type of medication. The term can also
• Plants
mean illegal chemical substances. For
• Drugs, such as those used in chemotherapy, are synthetic, meaning they are develpurposes of medical terminology, use
oped by artificial means in a laboratory
of the word drug means medication.
 Explain to students that since it is obDrug Names
viously critical that patients receive
• Drugs are chemicals
the correct drug, it is not possible to
• Chemical name describes chemical formula or molecular structure of drug; for exlist or remember all the drug names.
ample, chemical name for ibuprofen is 2-p-isobutylphenyl propionic acid
You must acquire the habit of looking
• Chemical names are usually very long, so shorter name given to drug; this is generic
up any drug name you do not recogor nonproprietary name; recognized and accepted as official name for drug; each
nize in the Physician’s Desk Referdrug has only one generic name, such as ibuprofen, and is not subject to copyright
ence (PDR). Every medical office or
protection, so any pharmaceutical manufacturer may use it
medical facility should have a copy of
• Pharmaceutical company that originally developed drug has exclusive rights to prothis book. Bring a PDR to class with
duce it for 17 years; after that time, any manufacturer may produce and sell drug
you and explain how it is organized.
• When company manufactures drug for sale, it chooses brand, or proprietary, name
for product; company’s trademark for drug; for example, ibuprofen is known by
Teaching Resources
TM
TM
TM
several brand names, including Motrin , Advil , and Nuprin ; all three contain  Image library
same ibuprofen; they are just marketed by different pharmaceutical companies
 Visual Learners: Have students view
• Generic drugs are usually priced lower than brand name drugs; physician can indithe Medical Drugs and Pharmacists
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
videos found in the PowerPoint
cate on prescription if pharmacist may substitute generic drug for brand name; phypresentation.
sician may prefer that particular brand name drug be used if believes it to be more effective than generic drug
 Visual Learners: Have students view
• See Table 14.1 for examples of different drug names
the Injections animation found in the
PowerPoint presentation.
Table 14.1 Examples of Different Drug Names
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
Chemical Name
Generic Name
Brand Names
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge stu2-p-isobutylphenyl propionic Ibuprofen
Motrin™
dent comprehension during lecture.
acid
Worksheets
Advil™
 14B – Unscramble
Nuprin™
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
Acetylsalicylic acid
Aspirin
Anacin™
 14F – Chapter Review
Bufferin™
Excedrin™
S-2-[1-(methylamino) ethyl]
benzenemethanol hydrochloride
Pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride
Sudafed™
Actifed™
Nucofed™
Legal Classification of Drugs
• Prescription drug can only be ordered by licensed healthcare practitioners such as
physicians, dentists, or physician assistants
• Drugs must include words “Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription” on label; antibiotics, such as penicillin, and heart medications, such as digoxin, are available only by prescription
• Prescription—written explanation to pharmacist regarding name of medication,
dosage, and times of administration; licensed practitioner can also give prescription
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Independent Study
 Homework Assignment
 Text Practice Exercises:
 A. Complete the Statement
 B. Drug Administration Practice
 E. Prescription Practice
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
•
•
•
•
•
order orally to pharmacist
Over-the-counter drug (OTC)—drug that does not require prescription; many medications can be purchased without prescription (e.g., aspirin, antacids, and antidiarrheal medications)
However, taking aspirin along with anticoagulant, such as coumadin, can cause internal bleeding in some people; OTC antacids interfere with absorption of prescription drug tetracycline; better for physician or pharmacist to advise patient on proper
OTC drugs to use with prescription drugs
Controlled substances—drugs that have potential for being addictive (habit forming) or can be abused; Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) enforces control of these
drugs
Some of the more commonly prescribed controlled substances are:
 butabarbital
 chloral hydrate
 codeine
 diazepam
 oxycontin
 morphine
 phenobarbital
 secobarbital
Controlled drugs classified as Schedule IV, indicating potential for abuse; differences between each schedule are listed in Table 14.2
Table 14.2 Schedule for Controlled Substances
Classification
Meaning
Schedule I
Drugs with the highest potential for addiction and
abuse. They are not accepted for medical use. Examples
are heroin and LSD.
Schedule II
Drugs with a high potential for addiction and abuse accepted for medical use in the United States. Examples
are codeine, cocaine, morphine, opium, and secobarbi-
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e




Fill-in-the-Blank questions
True/False questions
Multiple-Choice questions
Matching questions
tal.
Schedule III
Drugs with a moderate to low potential for addiction
and abuse. Examples are butabarbital, anabolic steroids,
and acetaminophen with codeine.
Schedule IV
Drugs with a lower potential for addiction and abuse
than Schedule III drugs. Examples are chloral hydrate,
phenobarbital, and diazepam.
Schedule V
Drugs with a low potential for addiction and abuse. An
example is low-strength codeine combined with other
drugs to suppress coughing.
How to Read a Prescription
• Difficult to read until understand symbols used; symbols and abbreviations based on
Latin and Greek words; used to save time for physician
• Example, abbreviation po, meaning to take by mouth, comes from Latin term per os,
which means “by mouth”
• See Figure 14.1 for example of prescription; as another example,
 Prescribed medication (Rx) is Tagamet (a medication to reduce stomach acid)
 800 milligram (mg) size
 Instructions on label are to say (Sig) to take 1 ( ) by mouth (po) every (q) bedtime (hs)
 Pharmacist is to dispense (disp) 30 tablets (#30)
 Informs pharmacist to refill prescription two times and may substitute with another medication
Routes and Methods of Drug Administration
• Route of administration—method by which drug is introduced into body; to be effective, drugs must be administered by particular route; in some cases, may be variety of routes; for instance, female hormone estrogen can be administered orally in pill
form or by patch applied to skin
• The most common routes of administration are described in Table 14.3
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Table 14.3 Common Routes of Drug Administration
Method
Word Parts
Description
or/o = mouth
Includes all drugs that are given by mouth.
Oral
-al = pertaining to
The advantages are ease of administration
and a slow rate of absorption via the stomach and intestinal wall. The disadvantages
include slowness of absorption and destruction of some chemical compounds by gastric juices. In addition, some medications,
such as aspirin, can have a corrosive action
on the stomach lining.
sub- = under
Includes drugs that are held under the
Sublingual
lingu/o = tongue
tongue and not swallowed. The medication
-al = pertaining to
is absorbed by the blood vessels on the underside of the tongue as the saliva dissolves
it. The rate of absorption is quicker than the
oral route. Nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris (chest pain) is administered by this
route (see Figure 14.2).
in- = inward
Includes drugs that are inhaled directly into
Inhalation
hal/o = to breathe
the nose and mouth. Aerosol sprays are
administered by this route (see Figure
14.3).
para- = near, beIs an invasive method of administering
Parenteral
side
drugs since it requires the skin to be puncenter/o = intestine
tured by a needle. The needle with syringe
-al = pertaining to
attached is introduced either under the skin
or into a muscle, vein, or body cavity.
Injection into a body cavity such as the per• intracavitary intra- = within
-ary = pertaining to itoneal and chest cavity.
intra- = within
Very shallow injection just under the top
• intradermal
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
(ID)
derm/o = skin
-al = pertaining to
• intramuscular (IM)
intra- = within
muscul/o = muscle
-ar = pertaining to
• intrathecal
intra- = within
thec/o = sheath
(meninges)
-al = pertaining to
intra- = within
ven/o = vein
-ous = pertaining
to
sub- = under
cutane/o = skin
-ous = pertaining
to
trans- = through
derm/o = skin
-al = pertaining to
• intravenous
(IV)
• subcutaneous
(SC)
Transdermal
Rectal
rect/o = rectum
-al = pertaining to
Topical
topic/o = a specific
area
layer of skin. Commonly used in skin testing for allergies and tuberculosis testing
(see Figure 14.4).
Injection directly into the muscle of the
buttocks, thigh, or upper arm. Used when
there is a large amount of medication or it
is irritating (see Figure 14.4).
Injection into the meningeal space surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
Injection into the veins. This route may be
set up to deliver medication very quickly or
to deliver a continuous drip of medication
(see Figure 14.4).
Injection into the subcutaneous layer of the
skin, usually the upper, outer arm or abdomen (see Figure 14.4); for example, insulin
injection.
Includes medications that coat the
underside of a patch, which is applied to the
skin where it is then absorbed. Examples
include birth control patches, nicotine
patches, and sea sickness patches.
Includes medications introduced directly
into the rectal cavity in the form of suppositories or solutions. Drugs may have to be
administered by this route if the patient is
unable to take them by mouth due to nausea, vomiting, or surgery.
Includes medications applied directly to the
skin or mucous membranes. They are dis-
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
-al = pertaining to
Vaginal
Eyedrops
Eardrops
Buccal
5 mins
tributed in ointment, cream, or lotion form,
and are used to treat skin infections and
eruptions.
vagin/o = vagina
Includes tablets and suppositories that may
-al = pertaining to
be inserted vaginally to treat vaginal yeast
infections and other irritations.
Includes drops used during eye examinations to dilate the pupil of the eye for better
examination of the interior of the eye. They
are also placed into the eye to control eye
pressure in glaucoma and treat infections.
Includes drops placed directly into the ear
canal for the purpose of relieving pain or
treating infection.
bucc/o = cheek
Includes drugs that are placed under the lip
-al = pertaining to
or between the cheek and gum.
Describe pertinent information relating to mental health.
Text Pages: 500
PowerPoint Slides: 6668
LO 4
Psychology
• Study of human behavior and thought processes
• Behavioral science primarily concerned with understanding how human beings interact with their physical environment and with each other
• Behavior can be divided into two categories: normal and abnormal
• Normal psychology includes how personality develops, how people handle stress,
and stages of mental development
• Abnormal psychology studies and treats behaviors that are outside of normal and
detrimental to person or society; maladaptive behaviors range from occasional difficulty coping with stress, to bizarre actions and beliefs, to total withdrawal
• Clinical psychologist, though not physician, is specialist in evaluating and treating
persons with mental and emotional disorders
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Teaching Tips
 Explain to students that all social interactions pose some problems for
some people. These problems are not
necessarily abnormal. One means of
judging if behavior is abnormal is to
compare one person’s behavior with
others in the community. Also, if a
person’s behavior interferes with the
activities of daily living, it is often
considered abnormal.
 All healthcare professionals must take
all threats of suicide from patients seriously. Psychologists tell us that
there is no clear suicide type, which
means that we cannot predict who
Psychiatry
• Branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental
disorders
• Psychiatrist is medical physician specializing in care of patients with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
• Other health professions also have specialty areas in caring for clients with mental
illness; examples are psychiatric nurses and psychiatric social workers
will actually take his or her own life.
Always tell the physician about any
discussion a patient has concerning
suicide. If you believe a patient is in
danger of suicide, do not be afraid to
ask, “Are you thinking about suicide?”
 Show sample questions from Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Index;
have students work in groups to write
examples of how persons with different mental disorders might answer the
questions.
Teaching Resources
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Guest speaker: Invite psychiatrist or
psychologist to speak to class on different approaches to evaluating and
treating mental illness.
Worksheets
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e



Learning module
Review games
Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Test Bank:
 Fill-in-the-Blank questions
 True/False questions
5 mins
Describe pertinent information relating to diagnostic imaging.
Text Pages: 507
PowerPoint Slides: 99
LO 5
Teaching Tips
 Use examples of real diagnostic images to emphasize how different procedures produce different views of
body.
Diagnostic Imaging
• Medical specialty that uses variety of methods to produce images of internal structures of body
• Images are used to diagnose disease
Classroom Activities
• Began as roentgenology, named after German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen who dis-  Guest speaker: Invite radiologist or
covered roentgen rays in 1895; discovery, now commonly known as X-rays, revoluradiologic technologist to speak to
tionized diagnosis of disease
class on different types of diagnostic
images.
Independent Study
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
5 mins
Describe pertinent information relating to rehabilitation services.
Text Pages: 514
PowerPoint Slides: 131136
LO 6
Rehabilitation Services
• Goal of rehabilitation is to prevent disability and restore as much function as possible following disease, illness, or injury
• Include healthcare specialties of physical therapy and occupational therapy
Classroom Activities
 Guest speaker: Invite PT or OT to
speak to class on differences between
two types of therapies.
Independent Study
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
Physical Therapy (PT)
 Review games
• Treating disorders using physical means and methods
 Chapter practice exam
• Assess joint motion, muscle strength and endurance, function of heart and lungs, and  Companion Website:
performance of activities required in daily living; and carry out other responsibilities
 Chapter quizzes
• Treatment includes gait training, therapeutic exercise, massage, joint and soft tissue
mobilization, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and hy- Competency Assessments
drotherapy
 Test Bank:
• Strengthen muscles, improve motion and circulation, reduce pain, and increase func True/False questions
tion
 Multiple-Choice questions
Occupational Therapy (OT)
• Regain, develop, and improve skills that are important for independent functioning
(activities of daily living)
• Work with people who, because of illness, injury, or developmental or psychological
impairments, require specialized training in skills that will enable them to lead independent, productive, and satisfying lives in regard to personal care, work, and leisure
• Instruct patients in use of adaptive equipment and techniques, body mechanics, and
energy conservation
• Employ modalities such as heat, cold, and therapeutic exercise
15 mins
Describe pertinent information relating to surgery.
Text Pages: 520523
PowerPoint Slides: 163177
LO 7
Surgery
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Teaching Tips
 Obtain examples of various surgical
instruments.
• Branch of medicine dealing with operative procedures to correct deformities and defects, repair injuries, and diagnose and cure diseases
• Surgeon—physician who has completed additional training of 5 years or more in
surgical specialty area; specialty areas include orthopedics; neurosurgery; gynecology; ophthalmology; urology; and thoracic, vascular, cardiac, plastic, and general surgery
• Operative report—completed for every procedure performed; includes information
pertaining to patient such as name, address, age, patient number, and date of procedure; includes the following:
 Preoperative diagnosis
 Indication for procedure
 Name of procedure
 Surgical techniques employed
 Findings during surgery
 Postoperative diagnosis
 Name of surgeon
• Surgical terminology includes terms related to anesthesiology, surgical instruments,
surgical procedures, incisions, and suture materials
• Specific surgical procedures are frequently named by using combining form for body
part being operated on and adding suffix that describes procedure; for example, incision into chest is thoracotomy; removal of stomach is gastrectomy; surgical repair of
skin is dermatoplasty
• List of most frequently used surgical suffixes is in Chapter 1 and common surgical
procedures are defined in each system chapter
Teaching Resources
 Image library
Classroom Activities
 Guest Speaker: Invite surgical nurses
to speak to class on operating room
procedures.
Worksheets
 14B – Unscramble
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
 Homework Assignment
 Text Practice Exercises:
 H. Name the Anesthesia
 L. Terminology Matching
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
Anesthesia
• Anesthesiologist—physician specializes in practice of administering anesthetics
Competency Assessments
• Nurse anesthetist—registered nurse who has received additional training and educa-  Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
tion in administration of anesthetic medications
 Test Bank:
• Anesthesia results in loss of feeling or sensation
 True/False questions
• Most common types of anesthesia are general, regional, local, and topical anesthesia
 Multiple-Choice questions
(see Table 14.5)
 Matching questions
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Table 14.5. Types of Anesthesia
Type
Word Parts
an- = without
General
esthesi/o = sensation,
anesthesia
(GA)
feeling
-ia = state, condition
• intravenous
(IV)
• inhalation
Regional
anesthesia
Local
anesthesia
• subcutaneous
• topical
intra- = within
ven/o = vein
-ous = pertaining to
in- = inward
hal/o = to breath
-al = pertaining to
an- = without
esthesi/o = sensation,
feeling
-ia = state, condition
-al = pertaining to
an- = without
esthesi/o = sensation,
feeling
-ia = state, condition
sub- = under
cutane/o = skin
-ous = pertaining to
topic/o = a specific
area
-al = pertaining to
Description
Produces a loss of consciousness including
an absence of pain sensation. The patient’s
vital signs (VS)—heart rate, breathing rate,
pulse, and blood pressure—are carefully
monitored when using a general anesthetic.
Route for administering general anesthesia
via injection into a vein.
Route for administering general anesthesia
by breathing it in.
Also referred to as a nerve block. This anesthetic interrupts a patient’s pain sensation
in a particular region of the body, such as
the arm. The anesthetic is injected near the
nerve that will be blocked from sensation.
The patient usually remains conscious.
Produces a loss of sensation in one localized part of the body. The patient remains
conscious.
Method of applying local anesthesia involving injecting the anesthetic under the
skin. This type of anesthetic is used to
deaden the skin prior to suturing a laceration.
Method of applying local anesthesia involving placing a liquid or gel directly onto
a specific area of skin. This type of anes-
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thetic is used on the skin, the cornea, and
the mucous membranes in dental work.
Surgical Instruments
• Physicians have developed surgical instruments since time of early Egyptians
• Include surgical knives, saws, clamps, drills, and needles
• Commonly used surgical instruments are listed in Table 14.6 and shown in Figure
14.15
Table 14.6 Common Surgical Instruments
Instrument
Word Parts
Use
aspirator
aspir/o = to breathe in
Suctions fluid
clamp
Grasps tissue; controls bleeding
curette
Scrapes and removes tissue
dilator
dilat/o = to widen
Grasps tissue
forceps
hemostat
Enlarges an opening by stretching
hem/o = blood
-stat = standing still
Forceps to grasp blood vessel to control
bleeding
probe
Explores tissue
scalpel
Cuts and separates tissue
speculum
specul/o = to look at
Spreads apart walls of a cavity
tenaculum
tenacul/o = to hold
Long-handled clamp
trephine
Saw that removes disk-shaped piece of
tissue or bone
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Surgical Positions
• Patients placed in specific positions so surgeon is able to reach area to be operated
on
• See Table 14.7 for description of common surgical positions
• See Figure 14.16 for illustrations of surgical positions
Table 14.7 Common Surgical Positions
Position
Word Parts
Fowler
Lateral
recumbent
Lithotomy
Prone
Supine
Trendelenburg
10 mins
later/o = side
-al = pertaining to
recumb/o = to lie back
lith/o = tone
-otomy = to cut into
Description
Sitting with back positioned at a 45°
angle
Lying on either the left or right side
Lying face up with hips and knees
bent at 90° angles
Lying horizontal with face down
Lying horizontal with face up; also
called dorsal recumbent
Lying face up and on an incline with
head lower than legs
Describe pertinent information relating to oncology.
Text Pages: 526527
PowerPoint Slides: 194200
LO 8
Oncology
• Branch of medicine dealing with tumors
• Tumor can be benign or malignant
• Benign tumor generally not progressive or recurring; generally, benign tumor will
have suffix -oma at end of term
• Malignant tumor indicates cancerous growth present (see Figure 14.17); terms will
usually have word carcinoma added
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Teaching Resources
 Image library
 [Insert icon] Visual Learners: Have
students view the Cancer Causes video found in the PowerPoint presentation.
Worksheets
 14F – Chapter Review
• Medical specialty of oncology primarily treats patients who have cancer
• Treatment for cancer can consist of variety or combination of treatments
• Protocol (prot) for particular patient consists of actual plan of care, including medications, surgeries, and treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy; entire
healthcare team, including physician, oncologist, radiologist, nurse, patient, and family, will assist in designing treatment plan
Independent Study
 Homework Assignment
 Text Practice Exercises:
 Chart Note Transcription
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
Staging Tumors
• Staging—process of classifying tumors based on degree of tissue invasion and potential response to therapy
• TNM staging system—T refers to the tumor’s size and invasion; N refers to lymph
node involvement; M refers to presence of metastases (mets) of tumor cells (see
Competency Assessments
Figure 14.18)
 Test Bank:
• Tumor can be graded from grade I through grade IV; grade is based on microscopic
 True/False questions
appearance of tumor cells; pathologist rates or grades cells based on whether tumor
 Multiple-Choice questions
resembles normal tissue
 Short-Answer question
• Classification system is illustrated in Table 14.8; grade I tumor is well differentiated
and is easier to treat than more advanced grades
Table 14.8 Tumor Grade Classification
20 mins
Grade
Meaning
GX
The grade cannot be determined.
GI
The cells are well differentiated.
GII
The cells are moderately differentiated.
GIII
The cells are poorly differentiated.
GIV
The cells are undifferentiated.
Identify and define vocabulary terms relating to the topics.
Text Pages: 496497; 507508; 514516; 523524; 527528
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Teaching Resources
 Image library
LO 9
PowerPoint Slides: 4345; 100106; 137143; 178184; 201206
Pharmacology Terms
Term
Word Parts
addiction
additive
antidote
anti- = against
broad spectrum
contraindication
contra- = against
cumulative action
drug interaction
drug tolerance
habituation
iatrogenic
idiosyncrasy
placebo
iatr/o = medicine
-genic = produced
by
idi/o = distinctive
Definition
Acquired dependence on a drug.
Sum of the action of two (or more) drugs
given. In this case, the total strength of
the medications is equal to the sum of the
strength of each individual drug.
Substance that will neutralize poisons or
their side effects.
Ability of a drug to be effective against a
wide range of microorganisms.
Condition in which a particular drug
should not be used.
Action that occurs in the body when a
drug is allowed to accumulate or stay in
the body.
Occurs when the effect of one drug is altered because it was taken at the same
time as another drug.
Decrease in susceptibility to a drug after
continued use of the drug.
Development of an emotional dependence on a drug due to repeated use.
Usually an unfavorable response resulting from taking a medication.
Unusual or abnormal response to a drug
or food.
Inactive, harmless substance used to satisfy a patient’s desire for medication.
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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 [Insert icon] Visual Learners: Have
students view the Circulating Nurse
and Scrub Nurse videos found in the
PowerPoint presentation.
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Write sentences on the board using
common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms.
 Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section
for Jeopardy game to be played in
class—may be combined with Pathology, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic
terms.
Worksheets
 14B – Unscramble
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
 Homework Assignment
 Text Practice Exercises:
 Chart Note Transcription
 Case Study
 C. Define the Term
potentiation
prophylaxis
pro- = before
-phylaxis = protection
side effect
tolerance
toxicity
toxic/o = poison
unit dose
Diagnostic Imaging Terms
Term
Word Parts
anter/o = front
anteroposterior
poster/o = back
view (AP view)
-ior = pertaining to
This is also used in research when given
to a control group of patients in a study in
which another group receives a drug. The
effect of the placebo versus the drug is
then observed.
Giving a patient a second drug to boost
(potentiate) the effect of another drug.
The total strength of the drugs is greater
than the sum of the strength of the individual drugs.
Prevention of disease. For example, an
antibiotic can be used to prevent the occurrence of a disease.
Response to a drug other than the effect
desired. Also called an adverse reaction.
Development of a capacity for withstanding a large amount of a substance, such
as foods, drugs, or poison, without any
adverse effect. A decreased sensitivity to
further doses will develop.
Extent or degree to which a substance is
poisonous.
Drug dosage system that provides prepackaged, prelabeled, individual medications that are ready for immediate use by
the patient.
Definition
Positioning the patient so that the X-rays
pass through the body from the anterior
side to the posterior side.
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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
N. Terminology Matching
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Chapter quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 Fill-in-the-Blank questions
 True/False questions
 Multiple-Choice questions
 Matching questions
barium (Ba)
film
film badge
lateral view
later/o = side
-al = pertaining to
oblique view
posteroanterior
view (PA view)
radiography
radioisotope
radiologist
radiolucent
radiopaque
poster/o = back
anter/o = front
-ior = pertaining to
radi/o = X-ray
-graphy = process of
recording
radi/o = X-ray
radi/o = X-ray
-logist = one who
studies
radi/o = X-ray
-lucent = to shine
through
radi/o = X-ray
-opaque = nontransparent
Soft metallic element from the earth used
as a radiopaque X-ray dye.
Thin sheet of cellulose material coated
with a light-sensitive substance that is
used in taking photographs. There is a
special photographic film that is sensitive to X-rays.
Badge containing film that is sensitive to
X-rays. This is worn by all personnel in
radiology to measure the amount of Xrays to which they are exposed.
Positioning of the patient so that the side
of the body faces the X-ray machine.
Positioning of the patient so that the Xrays pass through the body on an angle.
Positioning of the patient so that the Xrays pass through the body from the posterior side to the anterior side.
Making of X-ray pictures.
Radioactive form of an element.
Physician who uses images to diagnose
abnormalities and radiant energy to treat
various conditions such as cancer.
Structures that allow X-rays to pass
through; expose the photographic plate
and appear as black areas on the X-ray.
Structures that are impenetrable to Xrays, appearing as a light area on the radiograph (X-ray).
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roentgen
roentgen/o = X-ray
scan
shield
tagging
uptake
X-ray
Rehabilitation Services Terms
Term
Word Parts
activities of daily
living (ADL)
adaptive equipment
body mechanics
-ic = pertaining to
ergonomics
erg/o = work
Unit for describing an exposure dose of
radiation.
Recording on a photographic plate the
emission of radioactive waves after a
substance has been injected into the body
(see Figure 14.6).
Protective device used to protect against
radiation.
Attaching a radioactive material to a
chemical, and tracing it as it moves
through the body.
Absorption of radioactive material and
medicines into an organ or tissue.
High-energy wave that can penetrate
most solid matter and present the image
on photographic film.
Definition
The activities usually performed in
the course of a normal day, such as
eating, dressing, and washing. See
Figure 14.11.
Modification of equipment or devices
to improve the function and independence of a person with a disability. See Figure 14.12.
Use of good posture and position
while performing activities of daily
living to prevent injury and stress on
body parts.
Study of human work including how
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
-nomics = pertaining
to laws
fine motor skills
gait (GAYT)
gross motor skills
lower extremity (LE)
mobility
orthotics
orth/o = straight
-tic = pertaining to
physical medicine
physic/o = body
-al = pertaining to
prosthetics
prosthet/o = addition
-ic = pertaining to
range of motion
(ROM)
rehabilitation
re- = again
habilitat/o = ability
the requirements for performing work
and the work environment affect the
musculoskeletal and nervous systems.
Use of precise and coordinated
movements in such activities as writing, buttoning, and cutting.
Manner of walking.
Use of large muscle groups that coordinate body movements such as walking, running, jumping, and balance.
Refers to one of the legs.
State of having normal movement of
all body parts.
Use of equipment, such as splints and
braces, to support a paralyzed muscle,
promote a specific motion, or correct
musculoskeletal deformities.
Branch of medicine focused on restoring function. Primarily cares for
patients with musculoskeletal and
nervous system disorders. Physician
is a physiatrist.
Artificial devices, such as limbs and
joints, that replace a missing body
part.
Range of movement of a joint, from
maximum flexion through maximum
extension. It is measured as degrees
of a circle.
Process of treatment and exercise that
can help a person with a disability
attain maximum function and well-
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being.
Refers to one of the arms.
upper extremity
(UE)
Surgery Terms
Term
analgesic
anesthetic
Word Parts
an- = without
alges/o = pain
-ic = pertaining to
an- = without
esthesi/o = sensation,
feeling
-ic = pertaining to
circulating
nurse
cry/o = cold
day surgery
dissection
Medication to produce partial to complete loss of sensation.
Using heat, cold, electricity, or chemicals
to scar, burn, or cut tissues.
Nurse who assists the surgeon and scrub
nurse by providing needed materials during the procedure and by handling the
surgical specimen. This person does not
wear sterile clothing and may enter and
leave the operating room during the procedure.
cauterization
cryosurgery
Definition
Medication to relieve pain.
dis- = apart
sect/o = to cut
Technique of exposing tissues to extreme
cold to produce cell injury and destruction. Used in the treatment of malignant
tumors or to control pain and bleeding.
Type of outpatient surgery in which the
patient is discharged on the same day he
or she is admitted; also called ambulatory
surgery.
Surgical cutting of parts for separation
and study.
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draping
electrocautery
electr/o = electricity
endoscopic
surgery
endo- = within
-scopic = pertaining to
visually examining
hem/o = blood
-stasis = standing still
intra- = within
hemostasis
intraoperative
laser surgery
perioperative
peri- = around
postoperative
(post-op)
preoperative
(preop, pre-op)
resection
pre- = before
scrub nurse
suture
material
re- = again
sect/o = to cut
Process of covering the patient with sterile cloths that allow only the operative
site to be exposed to the surgeon.
Use of an electric current to stop bleeding
by coagulating blood vessels.
Use of a lighted instrument to examine
the interior of a cavity.
Stopping the flow of blood using instruments, pressure, and/or medication.
Period of time during surgery.
Use of a controlled beam of light for cutting, hemostasis, or tissue destruction.
Period of time that includes before, during, and after a surgical procedure.
Period of time immediately following the
surgery.
Period of time preceding surgery.
To surgically cut out or remove; excision.
Surgical assistant who hands instruments
to the surgeon. This person wears sterile
clothing and maintains a sterile operative
field.
Used to close a wound or incision. Examples are catgut, silk thread, or staples.
They may or may not be removed when
the wound heals, depending on the type
of material that is used.
Oncology Terms
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Term
carcinogen
Word Parts
carcin/o = cancer
-gen = that which
produces
carcinoma in situ
(CIS)
encapsulated
carcin/o = cancer
-oma = tumor
en- = inward
capsul/o = to box
hyperplasia
hyper- = excessive
-plasia = growth
in- = within
invasive disease
metastasis (mets)
morbidity
morbid/o = ill
mortality
mort/o = death
mutation
mutat/o = to
change
neo- = new
-plasm = growth
onc/o = tumor
-genic = producing
neoplasm
oncogenic
primary site
relapse
re- = again
laps/o = to slide
back
Definition
Substance or chemical agent that produces
or increases the risk of developing cancer.
For example, cigarette smoke and insecticides are considered to be carcinogens.
Malignant tumor whose cells have not
spread beyond the original site.
Growth enclosed in a sheath of tissue that
prevents tumor cells from invading surrounding tissue.
Excessive development of normal cells
within an organ.
Tendency of a malignant tumor to spread to
immediately surrounding tissue and organs.
Movement and spread of cancer cells from
one part of the body to another. Metastases
is plural. See Figure 14.19.
Number representing the sick persons in a
particular population.
Number representing the deaths in a particular population.
Change or transformation from the original.
New and abnormal growth or tumor. These
can be benign or malignant.
Cancer causing.
Term used to designate where a malignant
tumor first appeared.
Return of disease symptoms after a period
of improvement.
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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remission
10 mins
re- = again
miss/o = to send
back
Period during which the symptoms of a
disease or disorder leave. Can be
temporary.
Identify and define selected pathology terms relating to the topics.
Text Pages: 500503
PowerPoint Slides: 6987
LO 10
Mental Health Pathology
Term
Word Parts
Anxiety disorders anxi/o = fear, worry
• panic attacks
-ic = pertaining to
• anxiety
anxi/o = fear, worry
• phobias
phob/o = irrational
fear
-ia = state, condition
obsess/o = besieged
by thoughts
compuls/o = drive,
compel
• obsessivecompulsi
ve disorder
(OCD)
Cognitive disorders
• dementia
• Alzheimer’s
disease
Disorders diag-
de- = without
ment/o = mind
-ia = state, condition
Definition
Characterized by persistent worry and
apprehension.
Feeling of intense apprehension, terror,
or sense of impending danger
Feeling of dread in the absence of a
clearly identifiable stress trigger
Irrational fear, such as arachnophobia,
or fear of spiders
Performing repetitive rituals to reduce
anxiety
Teaching Resources
 Image library
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Write sentences on the board using
common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms.
 Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section
for Jeopardy game to be played in
class—may be combined with Vocabulary, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic
terms.
Deterioration of mental functions due
to temporary brain or permanent brain
dysfunction.
Progressive confusion and disorientation
Worksheets
 14B – Unscramble
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Degenerative brain disorder with gradual loss of cognitive abilities
Mental disorders associated with
Independent Study
 Homework Assignment: Have students select specific pathology and
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
nosed in infancy
and childhood
• mental retardation
• attentiondeficit/hyperactivi
ty disorder
(ADHD)
• autism
Dissociative disorders
• amnesia
childhood, including:
ment/o = mind
-al = pertaining to
Subaverage intellectual functioning
hyper- = excessive
Inattention and impulsive behavior
auto- = self
-ism = state of
Condition involving deficits in social
interaction, communication skills, and
restricted patterns of behavior
Disorders in which severe emotional
conflict is so repressed that a split in
the personality may occur or the person
may lose memory
Loss of memory
dis- = apart
soci/o = society
amnes/o = forgetfulness
-ia = state, condition
Having two or more distinct personalities
dissociative
identity disorder
Eating disorders
• anorexia nervosa
• bulimia
Factitious disorders
an- = without
-orexia = appetite
-ia = state, conditioin
factiti/o = artificial,
contrived
-ous = pertaining to
Abnormal behaviors related to eating,
including:
Refusal to eat (see Figure 14.5)
Binge eating and intentional vomiting
Intentionally feigning illness symptoms
in order to gain attention
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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use Internet resources to research its
symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments.
 Text Practice Exercises:
 F. Terminology Matching
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Practice quizzes
 Case study
 Web destinations
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 True/False questions
 Multiple-Choice questions
 Matching questions
• malingering
Impulse control
disorders
• kleptomania
• pyromania
• explosive disorder
• pathological
gambling
klept/o = to steal
-mania = frenzy
pyr/o = fire
-mania = frenzy
ex- = outward
path/o = disease
-logical = pertaining
to the study of
Mood disorders
• major depression
depress/o = to press
down
• mania
• bipolar disorder (BPD)
-mania = frenzy
bi- = two
-ar = pertaining to
Setting fires
Violent rages
Inability to stop gambling
Characterized by instability in mood,
including:
Feelings of hopelessness, helplessness,
worthlessness, lack of pleasure in any
activity with suicide potential
Extreme elation
Alternation between periods of deep
depression and mania
Inflexible or maladaptive behavior patterns that affect person’s ability to
function in society, including:
Exaggerated feelings of persecution
Personality disorders
• paranoid personality disorder
• narcissistic
personality
disorder
• antisocial personality disor-
Pretending to be ill or injured
Inability to resist an impulse to perform some act that is harmful to the
individual or others, including:
Stealing
Abnormal sense of self-importance
anti- = against
soci/o = society
Behaviors that are against legal or social norms
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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der
• passive aggressive personality
Schizophrenia
-al = pertaining to
Indirect expression of hostility or anger
schiz/o = split
Mental disorders characterized by disphren/o = mind
tortions of reality, such as:
-ia = state, condition
deluss/o = false belief A false belief held even in the face of
• delusions
contrary evidence
Perceiving something that is not there
• hallucinations hallucin/o = imagined perception
Disorders include aberrant sexual acSexual disorders
tivity and sexual dysfunction, including:
ped/o = child
Sexual interest in children
• pedophilia
-philia = attracted to
-ism = state of
Gratification derived from being hurt
• masochism
or abused
-ism = state of
Gratification derived from observing
• voyeurism
others engaged in sexual acts
Disorders relating to sleeping, includSleeping disorders
ing:
-in = not
Inability to sleep
• insomnia
somn/o = sleep
-ia = state, condition
Getting up and walking around una• sleepwalking
ware while sleeping
somat/o = body
Patient has physical symptoms for
Somatoform diswhich no physical disease can be deorder
termined, including:
A preoccupation with health concerns.
• hypochondria hypo- = below
chondr/o = cartilage
Named for the location of the liver and
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-ia = state, condition
• conversion reaction
Substance-related
disorders
10 mins
spleen, below the rib cartilage. The ancient Greeks thought these organs controlled mood.
Anxiety is transformed into physical
symptoms such as heart palpitations,
paralysis, or blindness
Overindulgence or dependence on
chemical substances including alcohol,
illegal drugs, and prescription drugs
Identify and define selected diagnostic procedures relating to the topics.
Text Pages: 508511; 529
PowerPoint Slides: 107119; 207
LO 11
Diagnostic Imaging Procedures
Term
Word Parts
tom/o = to cut
computed
-graphy = process of
tomography scan
(CT scan)
recording
contrast studies
Doppler
ultra- = beyond
Definition
An imaging technique that is able to
produce a cross-sectional view of the
body. X-ray pictures are taken at multiple angles through the body. A computer then uses all these images to construct a composite cross-section. Refer
back to Figure 12.9 in Chapter 12 for an
example of a computed tomography
scan showing a brain tumor.
Radiopaque substance is injected or
swallowed. X-rays are then taken that
will outline the body structure containing the radiopaque substance; for example, angiograms and myelograms (see
Figure 14.7).
Use of ultrasound to record the velocity
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Teaching Resources
 Image library
 [Insert icon] Visual Learners: Have
students view the MRI, Ultrasound,
and PET Scan videos found in the
PowerPoint presentation.
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Write sentences on the board using
common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms.
 Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section
for Jeopardy game to be played in
class—may be combined with Vocabulary, Pathology, and Therapeutic
terms.
of blood flowing through blood vessels.
Used to detect blood clots and blood
vessel obstructions.
X-rays strike a fluorescing screen rather
fluoroscopy
than a photographic plate, causing it to
glow. The glowing screen changes from
minute to minute, therefore movement,
such as the heart beating or the digestive tract moving, can be seen.
-ic = pertaining to
Use of electromagnetic energy to promagnetic
duce an image of soft tissues in any
resonance imaging
(MRI)
plane of the body. Atoms behave differently when placed in a strong magnetic
field. When the body is exposed to this
magnetic field the nuclei of the body’s
atoms emit radio-frequency signals that
can be used to create an image (see Figure 14.8).
nucle/o = nucleus
Use of radioactive substances to diagnuclear medicine
-ar = pertaining to
nose diseases. A radioactive substance
known to accumulate in certain body
tissues is injected or inhaled. After waiting for the substance to travel to the
body area of interest, the radioactivity
level is recorded. Commonly referred to
as a scan (see Figure 14.6). See Table
14.4 for examples of the radioactive
substances used in nuclear medicine.
Image is produced following the injecpositron emission tom/o = to cut
tomography (PET) -graphy = process of tion of radioactive glucose. The glucose
recording
will accumulate in areas of high metabolic activity. Therefore, this process
ultrasonography
son/o = sound
-graphy = process of
recording
fluor/o = luminous
-scopy = process of
visually examining
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Worksheets
 14B – Unscramble
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
 Text Practice Exercises:
 Chart Note Transcription
 Case Study
 I. Terminology Matching
 N. Terminology Matching
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Practice quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 True/False questions
 Multiple-Choice questions
 Matching questions
 Short-Answer question
radiology
radi/o = X-ray
-logy = study of
ultrasound (US)
ultra- = beyond
will highlight areas that are consuming
a large quantity of glucose. This may
show an active area of the brain or a
tumor (see Figure 14.9).
Use of high-energy radiation, X-rays, to
expose a photographic plate. The image
is a black-and-white picture with radiopaque structures such as bone appearing
white and radiolucent tissue such as
muscles appearing dark.
Use of high-frequency sound waves to
produce an image. Sound waves directed into the body from a transducer
will bounce off internal structures and
echo back to the transducer. The speed
of the echo is dependent on the density
of the tissue. A computer is able to correlate speed of echo with density and
produce an image. Used to visualize
internal organs, heart valves, and fetuses. See Figure 14.10.
Oncology Diagnostic Procedures
Term
Word Parts
bi/o = life
biopsy (bx)
-opsy = to view
cytologic testing
exploratory
surgery
Definition
Excision of a small piece of tissue for
microscopic examination to assist in determining a diagnosis.
cyt/o = cell
Examination of cells to determine their
-logic = pertaining to structure and origin. Pap smears are
studying
considered a form of cytologic testing.
Surgery performed for the purpose of
determining if cancer is present or if a
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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staging
laparotomy
15 mins
LO 12
lapar/o = abdomen
-otomy = to cut into
known cancer has spread. Biopsies are
generally performed.
Surgical procedure in which the abdomen is entered to determine the extent
and staging of a tumor.
Identify and define selected therapeutic procedures relating to the topics.
Text Pages: 504505; 516518; 529
PowerPoint Slides: 8890; 144151; 208209
Mental Health Therapeutic Procedures
Term
Word Parts
Electroconvulsive electr/o = electricity
therapy (ECT)
Psychopharmacology
psych/o = mind
pharmac/o = drug
-logy = study of
Definition
Procedure occasionally used for cases of
prolonged major depression. This controversial treatment involves placement
of an electrode on one or both sides of
the patient’s head and a current is turned
on briefly causing a convulsive seizure.
A low level of voltage is used in modern
electroconvulsive therapy, and the patient is administered a muscle relaxant
and anesthesia. Advocates of this treatment state that it is a more effective way
to treat severe depression than using
drugs. It is not effective with disorders
other than depression, such as schizophrenia and alcoholism.
Study of the effects of drugs on the mind
and particularly the use of drugs in treating mental disorders. The main classes
of drugs for the treatment of mental dis-
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
Teaching Resources
 Image library
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge student comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Write sentences on the board using
common words. Have students substitute correct medical terms.
 Jeopardy Game: Have students create questions for terms in this section
for Jeopardy game to be played in
class—may be combined with Vocabulary, Pathology, and Diagnostic
terms.
Worksheets
 14B – Unscramble
 14D – Word Search Puzzle
 14E – Crossword Puzzle
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
• antipsychotic
drugs
anti- = against
psych/o = mind
-tic = pertaining to
• antidepressant
drugs
anti- = against
depress/o = to press
down
• minor tranquilizers
• lithium
Psychotherapy
psych/o = mind
-therapy = treatment
orders are:
Major tranquilizers include chlorpromazine (Thorazine™), haloperidol (Haldol™), clozapine (Clozaril™), and
risperidone. These drugs have transformed the treatment of patients with
psychoses and schizophrenia by reducing patient agitation and panic and
shortening schizophrenic episodes. One
of the side effects of these drugs is involuntary muscle movements, which approximately one-fourth of all adults who
take the drugs develop.
Classified as stimulants and alter the patient’s mood by affecting levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. Antidepressants, such as serotonin norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors, are nonaddictive but
they can produce unpleasant side effects
such as dry mouth, weight gain, blurred
vision, and nausea.
Include ValiumTM and XanaxTM. These
are also classified as central nervous system depressants and are prescribed for
anxiety.
Special category of drug used successfully to calm patients who suffer from
bipolar disorder (depression alternating
with manic excitement).
A method of treating mental disorders by
mental rather than chemical or physical
means, including:
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
 Text Practice Exercises:
 Chart Note Transcription
 Case Study
 G. Name the Treatment
 K. Name the Procedure Described
 N. Terminology Matching
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Practice quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 Fill-in-the-Blank questions
 True/False questions
 Multiple-Choice questions
 Matching questions
• psychoanalysis
psych/o = mind
• humanistic
psychotherapy
-tic = pertaining to
psych/o = mind
-therapy = treatment
• family and
group psychotherapy
psych/o = mind
-therapy = treatment
Method of obtaining a detailed account
of the past and present emotional and
mental experiences from the patient to
determine the source of the problem and
eliminate the effects. It is a system developed by Sigmund Freud that encourages the patient to discuss repressed,
painful, or hidden experiences with the
hope of eliminating or minimizing the
problem.
Therapist does not delve into the patient’s past when using these methods.
Instead, it is believed that patient can
learn how to use his or her own internal
resources to deal with problems. The
therapist creates a therapeutic atmosphere, which builds patient self-esteem
and encourages discussion of problems,
thereby gaining insight in how to handle
them. Also called client-centered or
nondirective psychotherapy.
Often described as solution focused, the
therapist places minimal emphasis on
patient past history and strong emphasis
on having patient state and discuss goals
and then find a way to achieve them.
Rehabilitation Services Therapeutic Procedures
Term
Word Parts
Definition
Exercises that a patient performs without
active exercises
assistance.
Range of motion for joints that a patient is
active range of
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
motion (AROM)
active-resistive
exercises
cryotherapy
cry/o = cold
-therapy =
treatment
able to perform without assistance from
someone else.
Exercises in which the patient works
against resistance applied to a muscle,
such as a weight. Used to increase
strength.
Using cold for therapeutic purposes.
Removal of dead or damaged tissue from a
wound. Commonly performed for burn
therapy.
electromyography electr/o = electricity The recording of a muscle’s response to
(EMG)
my/o = muscle
electrical stimulation. The graphic record
-graphy = process
produced is an electromyogram.
of recording
Assisting a patient to learn to walk again
gait training
or how to use an assistive device to walk
(see Figure 14.13).
hydr/o = water
Application of warm water as a therapeutic
hydrotherapy
-therapy =
treatment. Can be done in baths, swimtreatment
ming pools, and whirlpools.
Kneading or applying pressure by hands to
massage
a part of the patient’s body to promote
muscle relaxation and reduce tension.
Treatments such as exercise and massage
mobilization
to restore movement to joints and soft tissue.
Applying moist warmth to a body part to
moist hot packs
produce the slight dilation of blood vessels
in the skin. Causes muscle relaxation in
the deeper regions of the body and increasdebridement
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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nerve conduction
velocity
pain control
passive range of
motion (PROM)
phonophoresis
postural drainage
with clapping
therapeutic
exercise
thermotherapy
traction
es circulation, which aids healing.
Test to determine if nerves have been
damaged by recording the rate at which an
electrical impulse travels along a nerve. If
the nerve is damaged, the velocity will be
decreased.
Managing pain through a variety of means,
including medications, biofeedback, and
mechanical devices.
Therapist putting a patient’s joints through
available range of motion without assistance from the patient.
phon/o = sound
Use of ultrasound waves to introduce med-phoresis = carrying ication across the skin and into the subcutaneous tissues.
-al = pertaining to
Draining secretions from the bronchi or a
lung cavity by having the patient lie so that
gravity allows drainage to occur. Clapping
is using the hand in a cupped position to
perform percussion on the chest. Assists in
loosening secretions and mucus.
-ic = pertaining to
Exercise planned and carried out to
achieve a specific physical benefit, such as
improved range of motion, muscle
strength, or cardiovascular function.
therm/o = heat
Applying heat to the body for therapeutic
-therapy =
purposes.
treatment
Process of pulling or drawing, usually with
a mechanical device. Used in treating orthopedic (bone and joint) problems and
injuries.
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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transcutaneous
electrical nerve
stimulation
(TENS)
ultrasound (US)
whirlpool
trans- = across
Application of an electric current to a pecutane/o = skin
ripheral nerve to relieve pain.
-ous = pertaining to
electr/o = electricity
-al = pertaining to
ultra- = beyond
Use of high-frequency sound waves to create heat in soft tissues under the skin. It is
particularly useful for treating injuries to
muscles, tendons, and ligaments, as well as
muscle spasms (see Figure 14.14).
Bath in which there are continuous jets of
hot water reaching the body surfaces.
Oncology Therapeutic Procedures
Term
Word Parts
chem/o = drug
chemotherapy
(chemo)
-therapy = treatment
hormone therapy
immunotherapy
immun/o = protection
-therapy = treatment
palliative therapy
radiation therapy
radi/o = X-rays
radical surgery
radic/o = root
-al = pertaining to
Definition
Treating disease by using chemicals
that have a toxic effect on the body,
especially cancerous tissue.
Treatment of cancer with natural hormones or with chemicals that produce
hormonelike effects.
Strengthening the immune system to
attack cancerous cells.
Treatment designed to reduce the intensity of painful symptoms, but does not
produce a cure.
Exposing tumors and surrounding tissues to X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons,
protons, and other sources to kill cancer
cells and shrink tumors.
Extensive surgery to remove as much
tissue associated with a tumor as possi-
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
radioactive implant
15 mins
LO 13
radi/o = rays
ble.
Embedding a radioactive source directly into tissue to provide a highly localized radiation dosage to damage nearby
cancerous cells. Also called brachytherapy.
Define selected abbreviations associated with the topics.
Text Pages: 498; 505; 511512; 518; 524; 530
PowerPoint Slides: 4656; 9192; 120124; 152153; 185186; 210211
Pharmacology Abbreviations
@
at
ā
before
ac
before meals
ad lib
as desired
ante
before
APAP
acetaminophen (Tylenol™)
aq
aqueous (water)
ASA
aspirin
bid
twice a day
with
cap(s)
capsule(s)
d
day
d/c, DISC
discontinue
DC, disc
discontinue
DEA
Drug Enforcement Agency
dil
dilute
disp
dispense
dtd
give of such a dose
Dx
diagnosis
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Teaching Tips
 Remind students that many abbreviations have multiple meanings, such as
od, which can mean overdose (od) or
right eye (OD), depending on whether
the letters are lowercase or uppercase.
Care must be taken when reading abbreviations since some may be written
too quickly, making them difficult to
decipher. Never create your own abbreviations.
 Emphasize importance of learning
abbreviations and their full meanings;
point out how some abbreviations,
such as ad lib, STAT, bid, and NPO,
are typically used rather than full
terms.
 Encourage students to add abbreviations to their flash cards.
Teaching Resources
 Pop Questions: Use Classroom Response System questions as either
pretest or posttest quiz to gauge stu-
et
FDA
gm
gr
gt
gtt
hs
ID
IM
inj
IU
IV
kg
L
mcg
mEq
mg
mL
no sub
noc
non rep
NPO
NS
od
oint
OTC
oz
and
Federal Drug Administration
gram
grain
drop
drops
at bedtime
one
intradermal
two
three
intramuscular
injection
international unit
intravenous
kilogram
liter
microgram
milliequivalent
milligram
milliliter
no substitute
night
do not repeat
nothing by mouth
normal saline
overdose
ointment
over the counter
ounce
after
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
dent comprehension during lecture.
Classroom Activities
 Write sentences on the board using
medical terms; have students substitute correct abbreviations for the
terms.
 Concentration: Have students assist
in creating a concentration game for
abbreviations to play in class.
Worksheets
 14F – Chapter Review
Independent Study
 Text Practice Exercises:
 D. What Does It Stand For?
 J. What Does It Stand For?
 M. What Does It Stand For?
 Medical Terminology Interactive:
 Learning module
 Review games
 Chapter practice exam
 Companion Website:
 Practice quizzes
Competency Assessments
 Quiz 14C – Abbreviations Quiz
 Quiz 14D – Chapter Review
 Test Bank:
 True/False questions
 Multiple-Choice questions
pc
PCA
PDR
per
po
prn
pt
q
qam
qh
qhs
qid
qs
Rx
SC
Sig
sl
sol
stat
Subc, SubQ
suppos, supp
susp
syr
T, tbsp
t, tsp
tab
tid
TO
top
u
after meals
patient-controlled administration
Physician’s Desk Reference
with
by mouth
as needed
patient
every
every morning
every hour
at bedtime
four times a day
quantity sufficient
take
without
subcutaneous
label as follows/directions
under the tongue
solution
one-half
at once/immediately
subcutaneous
suppository
suspension
syrup
tablespoon
teaspoon
tablet
three times a day
telephone order
apply topically
unit
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e

Matching questions
VO
wt
x
verbal order
weight
times
Mental Health Abbreviations
AD
Alzheimer’s disease
ADD
attention-deficit disorder
ADHD
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
BPD
bipolar disorder
CA
chronological age
DSM
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
ECT
electroconvulsive therapy
MA
mental age
MAO
monoamine oxidase
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
OCD
obsessive–compulsive disorder
SAD
seasonal affective disorder
Diagnostic Imaging Abbreviations
67Ga
radioactive gallium
99mTc
radioactive technetium
131I
radioactive iodine
201TI
radioactive thallium
133Xe
radioactive xenon
Angio
angiography
AP
anteroposterior
Ba
barium
BaE
barium enema
CAT
computerized axial tomography
Ci
curie
CT
computerized tomography
CXR
chest X-ray
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
decub
DI
DSA
ERCP
Fx
GB
IVC
IVP
KUB
LAT
LGI
LL
mA
mCi
MRA
MRI
NMR
PA
PET
PTC
R
Ra
rad
RL
RRT
UGI
US
lying down
diagnostic imaging
digital subtraction angiography
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
fracture
gallbladder X-ray
intravenous cholangiogram
intravenous pyelogram
kidneys, ureters, bladder
lateral
lower gastrointestinal series
left lateral
milliampere
millicurie
magnetic resonance angiography
magnetic resonance imaging
nuclear magnetic resonance
posteroanterior
positron emission tomography
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
roentgen
radium
radiation-absorbed dose
right lateral
registered radiologic technologist
upper gastrointestinal series
ultrasound
Rehabilitation Services Abbreviations
AAROM
active assistive range of motion
ADL
activities of daily living
AROM
active range of motion
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
EMG
e-stim
LE
OT
PROM
PT
ROM
TENS
UE
US
electromyogram
electrical stimulation
lower extremity
occupational therapy
passive range of motion
physical therapy
range of motion
transcutaneous electrical stimulation
upper extremity
ultrasound
Surgery Abbreviations
D&C
dilation and curettage
Endo
endoscopy
EUA
exam under anesthesia
GA
general anesthesia
I&D
incision and drainage
MUA
manipulation under anesthesia
OR
operating room
PARR
postanesthetic recovery room
preop, pre-op
preoperative
prep
preparation, prepared
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
TURP
transurethral resection of prostate
Oncology Abbreviations
bx
biopsy
Ca
cancer
chemo
chemotherapy
CIS
carcinoma in situ
5-FU
5-fluorouracil
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Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
GA
mets
MTX
prot
st
TNM
gallium
metastases
methotrexate
protocol
stage
tumor, nodes, metastases
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e
©2013 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Fremgen and Frucht, Lesson Plans for Medical Terminology, A Living Language, 5/e