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CV of Invited Speaker Paul S. BERNSTEIN Position: Mary Boesche Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Organization: Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Major Field: Vitreoretinal disease and surgery; Inherited retinal disorders AB (Chemistry): Harvard University, 1977-1981 Education: MD, PhD; Harvard University, 1981-1988 Ophthalmology Residency; Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA, 1990-1993 Vitreoretinal Fellowship; Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, 1993-1995 Research Interests: Nutritional interventions against retinal diseases Genetics of retinal disorders Vice-president elect of the Association for Research in Vision and Honors & Awards: Ophthalmology (ARVO) Lewis A. Peterson Humanitarian Ophthalmological Society, 2014 Service Award from the Utah Paul S. Bernstein, MD, PhD, the Mary Boesche Professor of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Moran Eye Center of the University of Utah School of Medicine, is an internationally recognized expert on nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Dr. Bernstein did his undergraduate, MD and PhD training at Harvard University, his ophthalmology residency at UCLA’s Jules Stein Eye Institute, and his vitreoretinal fellowship at Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary. For the past twenty years, he has focused on the biochemical mechanisms underlying the protective roles of zeaxanthin, lutein, and Short Bio: omega-3 fatty acids against AMD and IRDs. His laboratory has isolated and identified the specific binding proteins responsible for carotenoid uptake into the eye, characterized their protective mechanisms of action, and developed noninvasive methods for nutritional assessment in the eye and skin. He was a principal investigator for the National Eye Institute’s multi-center AREDS 2 clinical trial that studied the next generation of carotenoid and omega-3 fatty acid supplements for AMD. Dr. Bernstein has authored over one hundred fifty peer-reviewed research articles and reviews as well as ten book chapters, and he has served as a reviewer for numerous journals, foundations, and institutes. Abstract of Invited Speaker Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and meso-Zeaxanthin: The Basic and Clinical Topic: Science Underlying Carotenoid-based Nutritional Interventions Against Ocular Disease The human macula uniquely concentrates three carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin must be obtained from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and orange and yellow fruits and vegetables or traditional Chinese medicines such as goji berries, while meso-zeaxanthin is rarely found in diet and is believed to be formed at the macula by metabolic transformations of ingested carotenoids. Epidemiological studies and large-scale clinical trials such as AREDS2 have brought attention to the potential ocular health and functional benefits of these three xanthophyll carotenoids consumed through the diet or supplements, but Abstract: the basic science and clinical research underlying recommendations for nutritional interventions against age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases are underappreciated by clinicians and vision researchers alike. I will first examine the chemistry, biophysics, and physiology of these yellow pigments that are specifically concentrated in the macula lutea through the means of high-affinity binding proteins and specialized transport and metabolic proteins where they play important roles as short-wavelength (blue) light-absorbers and localized, efficient antioxidants in a region at high risk for light-induced oxidative stress. Next, I will turn to clinical evidence supporting functional benefits of these carotenoids in normal eyes and for their potential protective actions against ocular disease from infancy to old age.