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ALGEBRA 1 Teacher: Year: 2011-12 CORE Algebra I Course: Algebra I Month: All Months Students will solve one variable equations How can you represent quantities, patterns, and relationships? One Variable Equations ~ How are properties related to algebra? What kinds of relationships can proportions represent? How can you solve equations? Standards Content A-REI.1-Explain each Order of step in solving a operations of simple equation as expressions following from the verbal models equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method. A-SSE.2-Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. A-SSE.3-Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. A-SSE.1a-Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. A-CED.1-Create Unit analysis equations and Proportions inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-SSE.1-Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context. N-Q.1-Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multistep problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs Skills Vocabulary Simplify expressions Evaluate expressions Translate verbal models to algebraic equations/expressions PEMDAS Objectives Resources Students will simplify Worksheet Website and evaluate an algebraic algebraic expression expression using order of operations exponent Students will translate base verbal models to algebraic simplify expressions/equations evaluate variable term coefficient constant Converting units in a measurement system Solve proportions for an unknown. conversion factor cross products proportion rate ratio scale unit analysis Students will convert units within and between measurement systems using unit analysis and data displays. A-REI.3-Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. A-REI.1-Explain One-variable equations each step in solving a Formulas simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method. A-REI.3-Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Show or explain algebraic reasoning used to solve a onevariable equation Solve for a single variable with a multivariable formula equivalent equations formula inverse operations Students will show or explain algebraic reasoning to solve onevariable equations Students will analyze linear functions Linear Functions ~ How can you solve equations? How can you represent and describe a linear relationship? What information does the equation of a line give you? Can functions describe real-world situations? How can you make predictions based on a scatter plot? How can arithmetic sequences be used to model situations? Standards Content Skills Vocabulary A-CED.1-Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-CED.2-Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. A-REI.10-Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). 1.2-Reason abstractly and quantitatively 1.7-Look for and make use of structure. F-IF.6-Calculate and interpret the average slope-intercept form point-slope form standard form of a line graph each form x-intercept of linear y-intercept equations slope write linear equations in different forms Objectives Students will graph and write linear equations using different forms (slope-intercept, pointslope, and standard). Resources rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph. F-LE.1b-Recognize situations in which one quantity changes at a constant rate per unit interval relative to another. F-BF.3-Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. F-IF.7a-Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. F-BF.1-Write a function Functions that describes a Domain and range relationship between two Linear functions quantities. F-IF.1-Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). F-IF.2-Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. F-IF.7a-Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. 1.2-Reason abstractly and quantitatively F-IF.4-For a function that models a relationship between two quantities, interpret key features of graphs and tables in terms of the quantities, and sketch graphs showing key features given a Define function Analyze domain and range Graph linear functions continuous graph dependent variable discrete graph domain function independent variable range relation Students will define and analyze a function (domain and range) and graph linear functions. verbal description of the relationship. Key features include: intercepts; intervals where the function is increasing, decreasing, positive, or negative; relative maximums and minimums; symmetries; end behavior; and periodicity. A-REI.10-Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane, often forming a curve (which could be a line). F-IF.5-Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. N-Q.2-Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling. S-ID.6a-Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Use given functions or choose a function suggested by the context. Emphasize linear, quadratic, and exponential models. S-ID.6b-Informally assess the fit of a function by plotting and analyzing residuals. S-ID.6c-Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. N-Q.1-Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems; choose and interpret units consistently in formulas; choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays. Scatter plot Correlation and causation Linear model F-IF.3-Recognize that Arithmetic sequences sequences are functions, sometimes defined recursively, whose domain is a subset of the integers. F-BF.2-Write arithmetic and geometric sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms. F-BF.1a-Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context. F-LE.2-Construct linear Create scatter plot Determine correlation Distinguish between correlation and causation Create linear models to represent data Intepret linear model to make predictions Write explicit and recursive formulas Model situations using arithmetic sequences Translate between recursive and explicit forms scatter plot positive correlation negative correlation no correlation trend line interpolation extrapolation line of best fit correlation coefficient causation residual sequence term of sequence arithmetic sequence commond difference recursive formula explicit formula Students will create a scatter plot and determine correlation. Students will distinguish between correlation and causation Students will create and interpret a linear model to represent data and use it to make predictions. Students will write arithmetic sequences both explicitly and recursively and use them to model situations and translate between the forms. and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a description of a relationship, or two inputoutput pairs (include reading these from a table). 1.2-Reason abstractly and quantitatively 1.7-Look for and make use of structure. Students will solve systems of linear equations using a variety of methods Systems of Linear Equations ~ How can you solve a system of equations? How can systems of equations model real-world situations? What does the solution to a system of equations mean? Standards Content Skills Vocabulary A-REI.5-Prove that, Graphing method Solve a linear system of linear given a system of two equations Numeric (tabular) system equations in two solution variables, replacing one method equation by the sum of Algebraic method that equation and a - substitution multiple of the other Algebraic method produces a system with - elimination the same solutions. A-REI.6-Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables. 1.6-Attend to precision. A-REI.11-Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions.? A-REI.5-Prove that, given a Real world systems system of two equations in of linear equations two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions. A-REI.6-Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables. Model a real world problems using a linear system Solve and interpret a real world linear system Objectives Resources Students will solve a system of linear equations graphically, numerically, and algebraically (substitution, elimination) Students will model and solve real-world problems with systems of linear equations A-CED.2-Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. A-CED.3-Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. 1.4-Model with mathematics. 1.6-Attend to precision. A-CED.3-Represent Types of linear constraints by equations system solutions or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. 1.6-Attend to precision. Analyze the 3 types of solution for systems consistent Students will analyze the solution of the system of equations. independent dependent inconsistent Students will solve and graph one variable inequalities and graph two variable inequalities. Inequalities ~ How do you represent relationships between quantities that are not equal? Can inequalities that appear to be different be equivalent? How can you solve inequalities? Standards Content A-REI.3-Solve linear One-variable equations and inequalities inequalities in one Two variable variable, including inequalities equations with coefficients represented Systems of two by letters. linear inequalities A-CED.1-Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-REI.12-Graph the solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half-plane (excluding the boundary in the case of a strict inequality), and graph the solution set to a system of linear inequalities in two variables as the intersection of the corresponding halfplanes. Skills Vocabulary Solving and graphing simple one-variable inequalities Disjoint sets Graphing two variable inequalities union Graphing systems of two linear inequalities Semester Review/Final ~ Semester Review/Final interval notation set builder notation empty set Objectives Students will be able to solve and graph onevariable inequalities. Students will be able to graph two variable inequalities. Students will be able to graph systems of two linear inequalities. Resources Standards Content Skills Vocabulary Objectives Resources Students will use probability and statistics to solve theoretical and real-life problems Probability and Statistics How can collecting and analyzing data help you make decisions or predictions? How can you make and interpret different representations of data? How is probability related to real-world events? ~ Standards Content S-ID.1-Represent data Data Distribution with plots on the real Display data via number line (dot plots, graphs histograms, and box plots). S-ID.2-Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. S-ID.3-Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). Skills Analyze shape of data distribution, utilizing statistics, to compare center and spread of two or more different data sets. Vocabulary Quartile Objectives Resources Students will use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. Displaying data with an appropriate graph (dot plots, histograms, box plots). Students will display data with an appropriate graph (dot plots, histograms, and box plots). Students will analyze quadratic functions Quadratic Functions ~ Standards How can I simplify radical expressions using multiplication and division properties of square roots? How can I recognize and graph a quadratic function? How can I use properties of multiplying binomials to factor perfect square trinomials? How can I factor and graph quadratic functions? By using various methods, how can I solve quadratic equations? How can I solve a system of linear and quadratic equations? Content F-IF.7a-Graph linear and Properties of quadratic functions and rational and irrational show intercepts, numbers maxima, and minima. A-REI.2-Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how extraneous solutions may arise. Skills Utilizing properties of rational or irrational numbers Vocabulary radical expression rationalize the denominator F-IF.7a-Graph linear Graphs of quadratic Analyzing the graph and quadratic functions functions of a quadratic function and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. A-SSE.2-Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it. Quadratic expressions Factoring quadratic expressions Objectives Resources Students will use properties of rational or irrational numbers to simplify expressions (simplest radical form). parabola axis of symmetry vertex perfect-square trinomial difference of two Students will analyze the graph of a quadratic function relative to the vertex, the 'x' and 'y' intercepts, and the axis of symmetry. Students will factor quadratic expressions (difference of two A-SSE.1a-Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. A-SSE.1b-Interpret complicated expressions by viewing one or more of their parts as a single entity. squares F-IF.7a-Graph linear Quadratic functions Graphing and and quadratic functions with a = 1 writing quadratic and show intercepts, functions with a = 1 maxima, and minima. A-REI.4a-Use the method of completing the square to transform any quadratic equation in x into an equation of the form (x – p)2 = q that has the same solutions. Derive the quadratic formula from this form. zero-product property Students will graph completing the square and write quadratic functions with a=1 using quadratic formula different forms (vertex form by completing the discriminant square, using the quadratic formula, and factoring). A-REI.4b-Solve Quadratic equations Solving quadratic quadratic equations by with a = 1 equations with a = 1 inspection (e.g., for x2 = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a ± bi for real numbers a and b. A-REI.7-Solve a simple Systems of system consisting of a equations involving linear equation and a linear and quadratic quadratic equation in two equations variables algebraically and graphically. For example, find the points of intersection between the line y = –3x and the circle x2 + y2 = 3. A-REI.6-Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately (e.g., with graphs), focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables. squares, perfect square trinomial, trinomial with a = 1). Solving systems of equations involving linear and quadratic equations standard form of a quadratic equation Students will solve a quadratic equation with root of an equation a=1 by graphing, using square roots, completing zero of a function the square, using the quadratic formula, and factoring. consistent independent dependent Students will solve systems of equations involving linear and quadratic equations. inconsistent Students will simplify polynomial and exponential expressions and analyze basic exponential growth and decay functions. Polynomial and Exponential Expressions ~ Standards N-RN.1-Explain how the Content Scientific and How can I convert numbers from standard form to scientific notation, and vice versa? How are properties of real numbers related to polynomials? By using the correct properties and procedures, how can I add or subtract polynomials? How can I model and use an exponential function to determine exponential growth or decay? How can I write and use geometric sequences using recursive and explicit forms? Skills Restating Vocabulary scientific notation Objectives Students will restate Resources definition of the meaning standard Notation of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents. N-RN.2-Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents. numbers in scientific or standard notation standard notation A-APR.1-Understand that Properties of polynomials form a exponents system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. Simplifying expressions A-APR.1-Understand Polynomials that polynomials form a Polynomial system analogous to the expressions integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. Defining polynomial (informally) with differentiating between 'terms' and 'factors'. monomial Adding, subtracting, and multiplying polynomial expressions trinomial numbers in scientific or standard notation. monomial polynomial binomial trinomial degree of a monomial polynomial binomial degree of a monomial Students will use properties of exponents to simplify expressions (including rational exponents and applications to scientific notation). Students will informally define polynomial and emphasize differences between 'terms' and 'factors'. Students will define degree of polynomial, degree of term, coeffecient, and constant term. Students will add, subtract, and multiply polynomial expressions F-IF.8b-Use the Exponential growth properties of exponents to and decay interpret expressions for Percent of change exponential functions. For example, identify percent rate of change in functions such as y = (1.02)t, y = (0.97)t, y = (1.01)12t, y = (1.2)t/10, and classify them as representing exponential growth or decay. N-Q.3-Choose a level of accuracy appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities. F-BF.2-Write arithmetic Geometric and geometric sequences sequences both recursively and with an explicit formula, use them to model situations, and translate between the two forms. Defining exponential growth and decay functions and comparing to linear and quadratic functions using tables and graphs growth factor decay factor Utilizing percent of change to describe growth and decay rates Students will define exponential growth and decay functions and compare to linear and quadratic functions using tables and graphs (calculate and compare average rates of change). Students will use percent of change and use the concept to describe growth and decay rates. Writing geometric sequences explicitly and recursively geometric sequence recursive explicit Students will write geometric sequences both explicitly and recursively and use them to model situations and translate between the forms. Students will use transformations to build new functions from existing functions. Transformations of Functions ~ By anlayzing graphs, how can I classify special functions? How can I transform parent functions? Can I recognize and identify the domain and range of a function? How can I find the inverse of a function? Standards Content F-BF.3-Identify the effect Functions and on the graph of their graphs replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. F-IF.7-Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. F-BF.3-Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. Skills Vocabulary Classifying translation functions absolute value according to their function graphs piecewise function Parent functions F-IF.1-Understand that a Domain and range function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). F-BF.4a-Solve an Functions and their equation of the form f(x) inverses = c for a simple function f that has an inverse and write an expression for the inverse. For example, f(x) =2 x3 or f(x) = (x+1)/(x–1) for x ? 1. Transforming parent functions Analyzing domain and range for specific functions Objectives Resources Students will classify these functions according to their graphs: f(x) = x, f(x) = x^2, f(x) = |x|, and f (x)= sqrt (x). translation relation domain range Students will transform parent functions using the following: f(x-h), f(x) +k, -f(x), f(-x), af(x), f(x/b) Students will analyze domain and range of a function. vertical line test function notation Comparing a function and its inverse graphically, numerically, and algebraically (emphasize that it is a reflection about the line y = x) Semester Review/Final ~ Semester Review/Final inverse functions Students will compare a function and its inverse graphically, numerically, and algebraically (emphasize that it is a reflection about the line y = x). http://sublette1-wy.perfplusk12.com/Curric/Published_LandScapeMap.aspx?Publishkey=5af85311-4cdc49cd-86c6-df60d0a3f970 GEOMETRY https://sites.google.com/site/geometrywithmosteller/standards-5 Teacher: CORE Geometry Year: 2011-12 Course: Geometry Month: September Review linear equations and inequalities though a study of systems Introduce matrices and apply matrices to solving linear systems How do variables help you model real-world situations? Introduction to Geometry Vocabulary & Definitions ~ Standards G-CO.1-Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc. Content Undefined terms What are the undefined terms (building blocks) of geometry? What is a good definition? How do points, lines and planes work together to form the other objects in geometry? Why do we have to use the same symbols and definitions? What is a good definition? How do points, lines and planes work together to form the other objects in geometry? What is a polygon? What shapes are NOT polygons? What does it mean to be a regular polygon? What is the definition of a circle? What is an isometric drawing? What are some strategies for sketching 3D shapes? How are 2D nets related to 3D solids? What is geomtric probability? Skills Describe the undefined terms Good definitions Define geometric terms Vocabulary point Objectives Resources Students will be able to describe the undefined terms of geometry. line plane Students will be able to use geometry language to define new geometric objects. definition collinear coplanar Students will be able to use appropriate symbols and language to refer to or define geometric objects. congruent midpoint bisects ray counterexample G-GPE.4-Use Line segments Measure segment coordinates to prove length with a ruler Angles simple geometric Meaure angles in theorems algebraically. Midpoint on degrees with a protractor For example, prove or coordinate plane disprove that a figure Classify angles Angle classifications defined by four given Use definitions to points in the coordinate Angle pairs solve angle problems plane is a rectangle; line segment end points angle vertex sides reflex measure of an angle Students will be able to measure line segments with a ruler. With a protractor, students will be able to draw angles of a given measure in degrees. Students will be prove or disprove that the point (1, ?3) lies on the circle centered at the origin and containing the point (0, 2). G-CO.1-Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc. G-CO.1-Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc. Analyze the midpoint formula on the coordinate plane Calculate the midpoint of a segment on the coordinate plane able to use the Midpoint Formula to complementary angles calculate the midpoint supplementary angles of a line segment in the coordinate plane. vertical angles Students will be linear pair of angles able to use appropriate symbols and language to refer to or define geometric objects. angle bisector Students will be able to use geometry language to define new geometric objects. Polygons Triangles Quadrilaterals Classify polygons polygon names (1based on side lengths, 12 sides and n sides) angle measures, consecutive angles, and/or parallel sides vertices, and sides Use definitions to diagonal solve problems convex concave perimeter equilateral, equiangular, regular acute, right, obtuse scalene, isosceles, equilateral G-CO.1-Know precise definitions of angle, circle, perpendicular line, parallel line, and line segment, based on the undefined notions of point, line, distance along a line, and distance around a circular arc. Circles Define parts of circles circle Identify parts of circles radius center diameter Use definitions to solve problems chord tangent, point of tangency Students will be able to use geometry language to define new geometric objects. Students will be able to use appropriate symbols and language to refer to or define geometric objects. Students will be able to classify polygons based on side lengths, angle measures, and/or parallel sides. Students will be able to use geometry language to define new geometric objects. Students will be able to use appropriate symbols and language to refer to or define geometric objects. congruent circles concentric circles arc, endpoints, minor arc, major arc semicircle arc measure central angle G-CO.1-Know precise Isometric drawings Draw 3D shapes on definitions of angle, circle, isometric dot paper Sketches of 3D perpendicular line, shapes Sketch 3D shapes on parallel line, and line paper segment, based on the Nets undefined notions of Identify appropriate point, line, distance along nets by visualization a line, and distance around a circular arc. Isometric drawings Students will be able to use geometry language to define new geometric objects. Students will be able to use appropriate symbols and language to refer to or define geometric objects. Students will be able to copy isometric drawings on isometric dot paper. Students will be able to sketch 3D shapes including pyramids and prisms with polygon bases that have more than 4 sides. Geometric Analyze word S.MD.6, S.MD.7 Students will be able probability problems to analyze word problems to calculate geometric probability. Draw pictures to model probability Calculate probabilities ALGEBRA 2 Teacher: CORE Algebra II Year: 2011-12 Course: Algebra II Month: All Months Review linear equations and inequalities though a study of systems Introduce matrices and apply matrices to solving linear systems Solving Systems of Linear Equations & Inequalities ~ How do variables help you model real-world situations? How does representing functions graphically help you solve a system of equations? How does writing equivalent forms of an equation help you to solve a system of equations? How can linear programming be used to find the optimal solution of a system of inequalities? How is operations of matrices the same as operations of real numbers? How does operations of matrices differ from operations of real numbers? How are properties of equality used in the matrix solution of a system of equations? Standards Content Skills Vocabulary Objectives Resources 1.4-Model with mathematics. Verbal models Translate to algebraic expressions Translate into algebraic equations Translate into algebraic inequalities algebraic models of real world situations Students will translate verbal models into algebraic expressions and equations Story Problems Worksheets A-CED.1-Create System of linear equations and equations inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-CED.2-Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on coordinate axes with labels and scales. A-CED.3-Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations Solve a linear system by solution(s) of a system graphing Solve a linear system using elimination Solve a linear system using substitution Students will solve systems of linear equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. A-REI.5-Prove that, given a system of two equations in two variables, replacing one equation by the sum of that equation and a multiple of the other produces a system with the same solutions. A-CED.1-Create System of linear equations and inequations inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-CED.3-Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. A-REI.3-Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. Graph and solve Union of sets compund inequalities Intersection of sets Solve and graph Optimized values absolute value inequalities Use linear programming to find optimized values in a system of inequalities N-VM.7-(+) Multiply Matrix Operations matrices by scalars to produce new matrices, e.g., as when all of the payoffs in a game are doubled. N-VM.8-(+) Add, subtract, and multiply matrices of appropriate dimensions. N-VM.9-(+) Understand that, unlike multiplication of numbers, matrix multiplication for square matrices is not a commutative operation, but still satisfies the associative and distributive properties. A-REI.8-(+) Represent a system of linear equations as a single matrix equation in a vector variable. A-REI.9-(+) Find the inverse of a matrix if it exists and use it to solve systems of linear equations (using technology for matrices of dimension 3 × 3 or greater). Identity matrix Inverse matrix Systems of multivariable linear equations Add and subtract matrices Multiply a matrix by a scale factor Multiply two matrices Students will solve systems of linear inequalities Matrix Rows & columns Dimensions Identity matrix Invere matirx scalar multiplication vs. matirx multiplication Solve a multi-variable Matrix equations linear system using an identity matrix and an inverse matrix Analyze simple families of functions Linear Programming Worksheets Students will preform matrix operations Students will use matrix algebra to solve multi-variable linear systems Families of Functions ~ Transform familes of functions into more complex functions Standards Content F-BF.1-Write a function Algebraic parent that describes a functions relationship between Translations two quantities. Operations of F-BF.3-Identify the functions effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), and f(x + k) for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs. Experiment with cases and illustrate an explanation of the effects on the graph using technology. Include recognizing even and odd functions from their graphs and algebraic expressions for them. F-BF.1b-Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations. F-BF.1c-(+) Compose functions. F-IF.1-Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x). F-IF.2-Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context. F-IF.7-Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. F-IF.7a-Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima. F-IF.7b-Graph square root, cube root, and piecewise-defined functions, including step functions and absolute value functions. Skills Vocabulary Objectives Identify, compare and contrast the following parent functions: y=x y=x2 y=sqrt(x) & y=cuberoot(x) y=abs(x) y=sqrt(1-x2) unit semi-cirlce Use the following transformations to build new functions from the parent functions: f(x-h) f(x)+k -f(x) f(-x) a f(x) f(x/b) Combine functions using the following arithmetic operations: f(x) + g(x) f(x) - g(x) f(x)*g(x) f(x)/g(x) f(g(x)) Solve equations involving square roots Solve equations involving absolute value expressions Parent functions Translations Reflections Dilations Composition of functions Students will analyze and develop transformed functions from parent functions Polynomial Functions Review analysis of linear and quadratic functions ~ Analyze 3rd degree & higher polynomial functions Resources What are the advantages of a quadratic in general form? In vertex form? In factored form? For a polynomial equations, how are factors, roots and x-intercepts related? What does the degree of the polynomial tell you about the graph of the polynomial function? Standards Content N-CN.1-Know there is a Quadratic functions complex number i such that i2 = –1, and every complex number has the form a + bi with a and b real. N-CN.2-Use the relation i2 = –1 and the commutative, associative, and distributive properties to add, subtract, and multiply complex numbers. N-CN.3-(+) Find the conjugate of a complex number; use conjugates to find moduli and quotients of complex numbers. N-CN.7-Solve quadratic equations with real coefficients that have complex solutions. A-APR.1-Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. A-APR.2-Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x – a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x – a) is a factor of p(x). A-APR.3-Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. A-REI.3-Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters. A-REI.4-Solve quadratic equations in one variable. A-SSE.2-Use the structure of an expression to identify Skills Vocabulary Objectives Analyze quadratic functions within and between the following forms in order to graph: General form Vertex form Factored form Solve quadratic equations using the following methods: Extracting the square root Completing the square Quadratic Formula Factoring Define the Complex Number System to cover all solutions of a quadratic equation and perfrom operations of complex numbers. Graph & analyze quadratic inequlities General form Vertex from Factored from Complete the square Imaginary unit Complex number system Students will sketch graphs of quadratic functions Students will apply algebraic and graphical techniques to find all complex solutions of quadratic equations Students will analyze quadratic inequalities Resources ways to rewrite it. A-SSE.3-Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression. A-SSE.3a-Factor a quadratic expression to reveal the zeros of the function it defines. A-SSE.3b-Complete the square in a quadratic expression to reveal the maximum or minimum value of the function it defines. A-APR.1-Understand Polynomial functions that polynomials form a algebraic manipulation system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials. A-APR.2-Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x – a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x – a) is a factor of p(x). A-APR.3-Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial. A-SSE.1a-Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients. A-SSE.3c-Use the properties of exponents to transform expressions for exponential functions. N-CN.8-(+) Extend polynomial identities to the complex numbers. For example, rewrite x2 + 4 as (x + 2i)(x – 2i). N-CN.9-(+) Know the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra; show that it is true for quadratic polynomials. Simplify polynomial expressions using properites of rational exponents Simplify polynomial expression by factoring Add, subtract, multiply and divide polynomial functions - state domain and range - divide using long division and synthetic division techniques Simpliest radical form Polynomial long division Synthetic division Remainder Theorem Factor Theorem Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Students will simplify and perform operations involving polynomial expressions F-IF.7a-Graph linear and Polynomial functions quadratic functions and graphical analysis show intercepts, maxima, and minima. F-IF.7c-Graph polynomial functions, identifying zeros when suitable factorizations are available, and showing end behavior. Describe end behavior Find real and imaginary zeros Produce additional points using - direct substitution - synthetic substitution Sketch a polynomial function noting the domain and range of the function End behavior Zeros / roots Intercepts Extrema Best fit regression model Students will sketch graphs of polynomial functions Students will use technology to analyze the following: - relative extrema - regression models of best fit Using technology, find relative extrema Using regression capabilites of technology, produce a polynomial of best fit Students will analyze exponential functions graphically and solve exponential & logaritmic equations Exponential Functions ~ How are exponents and logarithms related? How do you model a quantity that changes regularly over time by the same percentage? What similar techniques can be used when solving exponential and logarithmic equations? Standards Content Skills Vocabulary Objectives A-CED.1-Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions. A-REI.11-Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions.? F-BF.4-Find inverse functions. F-IF.7-Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases. F-LE.4-For exponential models, express as a logarithm the solution to abct = d where a, c, and d are numbers and the base b is 2, 10, or e; evaluate the logarithm using technology. 1.5-Use appropriate tools strategically. Exponential functions and logarithmic equations Write the equation of an exponential function in the form y=abx Graphically analyze and sketch a graph of exponential growth and decay functions Develop inverse functions algebraically and gaphically Solve exponential and logarithmic equations exponential growth exponential decay horizontal asymptotes inverse vs functional inverse logarithms Students will analyze exponential functions Students will graph exponential functions Students will create inverse relations from functions Students will solve exponential and logarithmic equations Resources Rational Functions Students will analyze reducible and irreducible rational functions ~ Do two quantities vary inversely if an increase in one corresponds to a decrease in the other? What kind of asymptotes are possible for a rational function? Are a rational expression/function and its simplified form equivalent? What citeria must be met to be able to simplify rational expressions? Standards Content 1.2-Reason abstractly Rational function and quantitatively 1.5-Use appropriate tools strategically. 1.7-Look for and make use of structure. A-APR.6-Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system. A-REI.11-Explain why the x-coordinates of the points where the graphs of the equations y = f(x) and y = g(x) intersect are the solutions of the equation f(x) = g(x); find the solutions approximately, e.g., using technology to graph the functions, make tables of values, or find successive approximations. Include cases where f(x) and/or g(x) are linear, polynomial, rational, absolute value, exponential, and logarithmic functions.? F-IF.5-Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes. Skills Vocabulary Objectives Write and graph the parent inverse variation function: y = 1/x Describe the following characteristics of a inverse variation / rational function: - domain of a rational function - end behavior (horizontal vs oblique asymptotes) - discontinuity: vertical asymptotes - discontinuity: points of discontinuity (holes) Inverse variation asymptote discontinuity cross-product theorem Students will analyze rational functions Students will solve equations involving rational expressions Resources Perform the following transformations to parent inverse variation function: f(x)+k f(x-h) af(x) Solve rational equations using the following methods: - cross-product theorem (when appropriate) - multiplying the equation by the least common denominator A-APR.7-(+) Understand Operations of rational that rational expressions expressions form a system analogous to the rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression; add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions. A-REI.2-Solve simple rational and radical equations in one variable, and give examples showing how Add, subtract, multiply and divide rational expressions Simplify rational expressions reducible rational expressions irreducible rational expressions Students will simplify rational expressions extraneous solutions may arise. Appropriately describe a one variable data set. Analyze binoimial & normal distributions. Descriptive Statistics - One Variable ~ Standards Content S-CP.2-(+) Calculate the Measures of center expected value of a Measures of spread random variable; Shape of frequency interpret it as the mean distribution of the probability Binomial distribution. distributions S-CP.3-(+) Develop a Normal distributions probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated; find the expected value. S-ID.2-Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. S-ID.3-Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). S-ID.4-Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve. What are the distinguishing factors when deciding the approriate measures to descibe a data set? How do mean and standard deviation relate to binomial and normal distributions? Skills Calculate mean and median Vocabulary categorical / qualitative data quantitative data mean Calculate range, median inter-quartile range range, and inter-quartile range standard deviation standard deviation Describe the unimodal, bi-modal, multishape of a data's modal frequency skew distribution outliers Choose discrete vs continuous appropraite data measure of center binomial probability & spread based binomial distribution on type & shape normal distribution of data set Find binomial probabilities and use binomial distributions Use normal distribution Objectives Resources Students will produce a frequency distibution and decribe the distribution relative to its shape, center, and spread. Students will select the appropriate measure of center and spread based on the shape and type of data. Analyze and evaluate randomness. Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions. Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiements, and observational studies. Probability and Inferential Statistics - One Variable ~ What is the difference between theoretical and empirical (experimental) probability? What are the purposes of and differences between sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies? How is margin of error used to decribe a population parameter? When is a false positive test result detrimental and when is it allowable? When is a false negative test result detrimental and when is it allowable? Standards Content S-IC.1-Understand Statistical statistics as a process inferencing for making inferences Theortical vs. about population parameters based on a empirical probability random sample from that population. S-IC.2-Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given datagenerating process, e.g., using simulation. Skills Vocabulary Objectives Describe the use of randomness in the process of making inferences about a population based on a random sample randomness statisitcal inferencing population vs sample theoretical probability empirical (experimental) probability Students will describe the role of randomness in statistical inferencing. Compare statistical model vs. theortical and simulation empirical (experimental) probability to decide if a specific model is consistent with reuslts of a simulation S-IC.3-Recognize the Data collection purposes of and Estimate of differences among population parameter sample surveys, (mean & proportion) experiments, and observational studies; Margin of error explain how Statistical randomization relates to significance each. S-IC.4-Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling. S-IC.5-Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant. S-IC.6-Evaluate reports based on data. Analyze within and between the following data collecting methods: - sample survey - experiment - observational study S-MD.6-(+) Use probabilities to make fair decisions (e.g., drawing by lots, using a random number generator). S-MD.7-(+) Analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts (e.g., product testing, medical testing, pulling a hockey goalie at the end of a game). Use probabilites to make fair decisions Decision outcomes Radian Measure and Unit Circle Trigonometry ~ Students will compare and contrast theoretical and empirical probabilities in order to evaluate if a specific model is consistent with the results of a datagathering process / simulation. sample survey experiment observational study paramenter statistic margin of error Estimate population sampling variability parameters mean and/or statistical significance proportion from sample survey Use the variability between samples to develop the concept of margin of error Students will compare and contrast the following data collecting methods: - sample survey - experiment - observational study Students will use a sample statistic and margin of error to describe a populaton parameter. Students will compare the results of an experiment and informally decide if differences between parameters is significant. Evaluate the results of a randomized experiements with two groups to decide if the difference in the outcomes is significant Describe a false positive and a false negative result from a diagnostic test Resources false positive false negative Students will use probabilites to evaluate outcomes of decisions. Develop radian measure of an angle using arc lengths on a unit circle. Define trigonometric functions as a pairing of real number angle measures and xand y- coordinates of points on the unit circle showing an example of a periodic function. What is the key characteristic of a periodic function? Standards F-TF.1-Understand radian measure of an angle as the length of the arc on the unit circle subtended by the angle. F-TF.2-Explain how the unit circle in the coordinate plane enables the extension of trigonometric functions to all real numbers, interpreted as radian measures of angles traversed counterclockwise around the unit circle. F-TF.5-Choose trigonometric functions to model periodic phenomena with specified amplitude, frequency, and midline. F-TF.8-Prove the Pythagorean identity sin2(?) + cos2(?) = 1 and use it to calculate trigonometric ratios. Content Radian measure Unit circle and arc lengths Sin(x) Cos(x) Tan(x) Pythagorean Identity Skills Develop the radian measure of an angle Define the following trigonometric functions: sin(x) cos(x) tan(x) Prove the Pythagorean Identity Vocabulary radian measure unit circle Objectives Resources Students will find the radian measure of an angle. Sine Cosine Tangent Students will derive f(x)=sin(x), f(x)=cos(x), and f(x)=tan(x) using a trigonometric identities unit circle. pyhtagorean identity Students will use the Pythagorean Identities to evaluate sine, cosine, and tangent of all real numbers. 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