Download insulin

We would starve if not
for Insulin
JIA MOHNANI
S
Insulin
S Insulin is a hormone secreted by the Beta cells(Islets of
Langerhans in the pancreas.
S Chemical class:
1.
2.
3.
Is a protein, more specifically a hormone.
Could be used at steroid( body builders)
Insulin is a peptide hormone composed of 51 amino acid.
Target Tissue/ What it does
S Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas which is
central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism
in the body.
S Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to
take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen
in the liver and muscle.
Control
S Insulin is provided within the body in a constant
proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood,
which otherwise would be toxic. When blood glucose
levels fall below a certain level, the body begins to use
stored sugar as an energy source through a process
called glycogenolysis.
S Insulin maintains homeostasis of the glusose in our
body
S When control of insulin levels fails, diabetes mellitus
will result. As a consequence, insulin is used medically
to treat some forms of diabetes mellitus.
Types of Diabetes
S Patients with type 1 diabetes depend on external
insulin (injected subcutaneously) for their survival
because the hormone is no longer produced internally.
S Patients with type 2 diabetes are often insulin resistant
and, because of such resistance, may suffer from a
insulin deficiency. Some patients with type 2 diabetes
may eventually require insulin if other medications fail
to control blood glucose levels adequately. Over 40% of
those with Type 2 diabetes require insulin as part of
their diabetes management plan.
ANALOGY
S Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released
when any of several stimuli are detected. These
stimuli include ingested protein and glucose in the
blood produced from digested food. If the
carbohydrates include glucose, then that glucose
will be absorbed into the bloodstream and blood
glucose level will begin to rise. In target cells,
insulin initiates a signal transduction, which has the
effect of increasing glucose uptake and storage.
Finally, insulin is degraded, terminating the
response.
Without insulin, you can eat
lots of food and actually be
in a state of starvation since
many of our cells cannot
access the calories
contained in the glucose
very well without the action
of insulin.
Bibliography
S "Diabetes: What Is Insulin?" Introduction to Insulin:
Insulin Discovery and Actions. Web. 21 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/diabetes/
diabetes-what-insulin>.
S "Insulin." Information from Drugs.com. Web. 21 Feb.
2012. <http://www.drugs.com/insulin.html>.
S "MedicineNet.com." MedicineNet. Web. 21 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.medicinenet.com/insulin/article.htm>.