Download Unit 5 WW I PPT

World History – Unit 5
World War I:
The Collapse of World Empires
Standard(s) Addressed
• 10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of the First
World War.
• 1. Analyze the arguments for entering into war presented
by leaders from all sides of the Great War and the role of
political and economic rivalries, ethnic and ideological
conflicts, domestic discontent and disorder, and
propaganda and nationalism in mobilizing the civilian
population in support of “total war.”
• 2. Examine the principal theaters of battle, major turning
points, and the importance of geographic factors in
military decisions and outcomes (e.g., topography,
waterways, distance, climate).
• 3. Explain how the Russian Revolution and the entry of the
United States affected the course and outcome of the
war.
Standards
• 4. Understand the nature of the war and its human costs
(military and civilian) on all sides of the conflict, including how
colonial peoples contributed to the war effort.
• 5. Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the
Ottoman government’s actions against Armenian citizens.
• 10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First World War.
• 1. Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the
terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow
Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the
United States' rejection of the League of Nations on world
politics.
• 2. Describe the effects of the war and resulting peace treaties on
population movement, the international economy, and shifts in
the geographic and political borders of Europe and the Middle
East.
Standards
• 10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian
governments after World War I.
• 1. Understand the causes and consequences of
the Russian Revolution, including Lenin’s use
of totalitarian means to seize and maintain
control (e.g., the Gulag).
• 2. Trace Stalin’s rise to power in the Soviet
Union and the connection between economic
policies, political policies, the absence of a
free press, and systematic violations of human
rights (e.g., the Terror Famine in Ukraine).
Chapter 11, Section 1
The Great War Begins
Chapter 11, Section 1
Vocabulary
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Imperialism
Nationalism
Entente
Militarism
Ultimatum
Neutrality
Terrorism
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Napoleon I, II, and III
Otto von Bismarck
The Hapsburg Empire
The Ottoman Empire
Victor Emmanuel
Gravilo Princip
Franz Ferdinand
Francis Joseph
Queen Victoria
Journal
After reviewing the following information, be
prepared to journal the following question:
Explain the causes that
started World War I?
(Minimum full page)
Growing Militarism
• Overseas rivalries divided
European nations.
• They competed in building up
their armies and navies to
show of their wealth and
success from the industrial
revolution.
• This economic competition
created an “arms race”. Each
nation then becoming nervous
and suspicious of each other.
Answer part of question #1
Imperialism Creates Empires
• European powers competed with
each other using imperialism.
• They controlled many foreign
nations in Africa, Asia, and islands
in the South Pacific.
• After a hundred years of
domination, some colonies wanted
to break free from their imperial
masters.
• They began protest movements
and demanded self-determination,
or self rule. Their growing
Nationalism caused tensions to
grow and some European nations
prepared for war.
Answer other part of question #1
England grows an empire from
Canada to Africa to Asia to
Australia.
World War I began with Napoleon!
• After the French Revolution
was over and Napoleon
crowned himself emperor, he
proceeded to change the map
of Europe. Especially, Germany,
Italy, Austria, and even the
Middle East all in the name of
Nationalism!
• His first cousin, Napoleon III
carried on where he left off.
Helping to destroy old empires
but sowing the seeds for new
ones in attempts to keep the
Napoleons out.
T-Chart the following Empire Backgrounds…
Napoleon I
Napoleon II, his
son, ruled
France only for a
briefly before he
died at age 21.
Napoleon III, his
brother’s son, ruled
as emperor of the
French Empire for
18 years.
Italy
• After the fall of the Roman
empire in 476 AD, Italy was
divided into small independent
states.
• Unification seemed impossible
until the mid 1800’s when
Italian nationalists fought for it
against a growing French
empire under the Napoleons.
• Finally in 1870, Victor
Emmanuel was crowned king of
a unified Italy with Rome as its
capital city.
Germany
• Napoleon first unified Germany under his empire
and called it the Rhineland Confederation.
• Decades later, the prime minister of Prussia
named Otto von Bismarck fought to annex the
Rhineland, Austria, and Germany away from
France.
• He persuaded King William I to take on the title
of Kaiser, or emperor, establishing the 2nd Reich,
or empire in 1871. (The 1st empire was when it
was a part of the Holy Roman Empire.)
• Once unified, Germany quickly industrialized to
rival England in production and wealth.
Austria-Hungary
• The Hapsburg Empire was the oldest European
empire encompassing territories in Bohemia,
Hungary, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, and
Northern Italy.
• It was a multinational empire, filled with many
languages and cultures.
• As industrialism grew, old ways of life changed
and royal families struggled to modernize.
• Nationalists struggled to be free from the
empire.
See map p. 243 for more details
The Ottoman Empire
• Like the Hapsburgs, the Ottoman Empire was
also multi-national. Including many countries
in the Balkans, North Africa, and the Middle
East.
• It also included many religions, including
Roman Catholics and Muslims.
• The Ottomans were concerned about losing
their hold over their empire because of
growing nationalism. Many Europeans saw
opportunity in the crumbling Ottoman Empire
by pushing their boundaries. Russia pushed
south, Austria pushed east, Britain and
France took Ottoman lands in the Middle East
and Africa.
Answer Question #2
“The Sick Man of Europe”
Ottoman map also on p. 243
Dangerous Alliances…
Answer question #3 using the following
information…
• Although powerful forces were
pushing Europe towards war, the
great powers had made non-binding
agreements, called ententes, to try
and keep the peace.
• The Triple Alliance was made up of
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
• They were also called the Central
Powers. Later in the war, when the
Ottoman Empire joined this side and
Italy dropped out.
Dangerous Alliances
• Russia, France and Britain
made up the Triple Entente.
They were also called “The
Allies”.
• Later in the war, the United
States and a few other Balkan
States joined this side.
The Baltic “Powder Keg”
• On June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo,
near the Serbian border, Serbian
nationalist, Gravilo Princip, shot
to death the heir to the Hapsburg
throne to protest Austrian rule
over Serbia.
• Franz Ferdinand was the nephew
of Emperor Francis Joseph, who
was reluctant to go to war with
Serbia. Answer question #4
• Review map p. 353
• Ques. What’s the difference
between a terrorist and a
nationalist?
“War Hawks” See an Opportunity
Number your paper to track the events:
• Some Austrian leaders saw this as a
chance to crush Serbia.
• Even Germany’s Emperor, William II,
supported Austria’s desire to move the
military into Serbia.
• Instead Francis Joseph’s chief diplomat
sent Serbia a final demand, or an
ultimatum.
• Serbia accepted all parts of the
ultimatum, but refused to let Austrians
into the country to investigate the
assassination (an act of terrorism).
• So on July 28, 1914, 1) Austria declared
war on Serbia.
Answer Question #5
Emperor Francis Joseph
ruled the AustrianHungarian Hapsburg
Empire for 68 years!
The Dominoes Begin to Fall…
• Soon, the network of
agreements drew other
great European powers into
the fight...
• 2) Russia sent troops to
support Serbia (to lead
them away from the
Ottoman’s as part of their
idea of Pan-Slavism)
• 3) Germany sent troops to
Serbia to support Austria
(hoping to gain influence
over the crumbling
Hapsburg Empire*)
Answer question #6
Schlieffen Plan
The Dominoes Begin to Fall
• When Russia declared war on Austria,
4) Germany then declared war on
Russia to support Austria.
• France told Germany it would
maintain a treaty it had to support
Russia, so 5) Germany preemptively
declared war on France, too.
• (Which is what France wanted all
along to get back its Alsace-Lorraine
territory, taken by Germans decades
earlier!)
• To avoid a two-front war, Germany
created the Schlieffen Plan which
called for Germany to fight France
before Russia. When 6) Germany
invaded Belgium, 7) Britain
supported Belgium by declaring war
on Germany.
Answer Ques #7 and #8
Diagram Events #1-7
World War I = A Family Drama?
• World War I is also known as a
family squabble gone out of
control.
• The great English Queen
Victoria was known as the
grandmother of Europe
because her NINE children
infiltrated all of the great
royal houses of Europe.
• Her decedents were the rulers
of Belgium, Russia, Germany,
and England.
Queen Victoria, her husband
Albert (her 1st cousin), and 5
of her 9 children
Results…
• Soon after England’s entry into
WWI, many more countries jumped
into the war. Some declared war
only to be ceremonially on a
particular side.
• Some countries used the war as an
opportunity to declare their
freedom from their empire and
fight to be their own nation.
• But for many colonies, they were
pulled into the war simply to
supply their empire with soldiers.
List of countries who declared war...
French poster advertising colonial
addition of forces from places in
Africa and Southeast Asia
Nationalism causing WWI
Comprehension Questions…
1. How did economic competition and nationalism cause
the war?
2. What events led to Austria to declare war on Serbia?
3. What countries made up Central Powers and Triple
Entente?
4. Why did Russia get involved with the AustrianHungarian war against Serbia?
5. What act caused Britain to declare war on Germany?
Homework Journal: Using your notes explain what
were the causes that went into WWI? Hint: Use terms
and vocab!
Next Steps…
1. In your journal, underline all of the terms and names
you used.
2. In a group of 4, use your journal discuss what
information is missing, then add at the end of your
journal what you got wrong or left out.
3. Prepare to debate the following:
Either alliance-building or the agressive nationalism caused
World War I to grow into a worldwide war.
4. Make a T chart and follow debate instructions to
prepare with your partner.
5. You will have an argumentative paragraph to write
when you’re done! The importance of debate video
Chapter 11, Section 2
A New Kind of War
Section 2 Vocabulary
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Stalemate
Trench Warfare
Zeppelin
U-boat
Dardanelles
• T.E. Lawrence
Get your book…
Warfare
p. 359
ATrench
New Kind
of War
• World War I was the largest conflict
in history up to that time.
• Millions of French, British, Russian,
and German soldiers went to battle.
• Ultimately, the Schlieffen Plan failed.
Belgium dug deep trenches on the
battlefront and Russia mobilized for
war quicker than anticipated.
• This conflict on the Western Front
turned into a long, deadly stalemate,
or deadlock that neither side could
break. See p. 359
Answer question 9 and part of 10
Read and annotate
“All’s Quite on the
Western Front”
Technology Takes Its Toll
Make a list of the new technologies
used…
• Modern weapons were able to kill
more soldiers than ever before.
• In 1915, first Germany then the
Allies began using poison gas.
• New machines like tanks, fighter
planes, and long range machine
guns were used for the first time.
German submarines called U-boats
attacked Allied ships.
• In 1915, Germany flew zeppelins to
bomb the English coast.
Answer Question 11
Go to pp. 360-361 for more war tech.
Draw a war scene using as many of the
new technologies as you can!
The Eastern Front
• Battle lines shifted back and forth
on Europe's Eastern Front but war
deaths were higher than on the
Western Front.
• Russia was not ready to fight a
modern war. They were badly
defeated by modern German
technology.
Answer other part of question #10
War Tech Video
Others Join the War
• In 1915, Italy declared war
on Austria-Hungry and
Germany.
• Although most of the
fighting took place in
Europe, World War I was a
global conflict.
• Japan used the war to seize
German outposts in China
and the islands in the Pacific
to create a Japanese
Empire.
Answer question #12
The Third Front
• To protect its lands from the
Black Sea
Russians and the English, the
Ottoman Empire joined the
Central Powers.
• The Ottoman’s quickly cut off
Allied supplies to Russia
through the Dardanelles, a
vital strait.
• This area quickly became the
“Third Front”.
Answer question #13 and #14
War in the Middle East
• Arab nationalists used the war to
rebel against their Ottoman rulers.
• Britain supported the Arab revolt
because they saw it as an
opportunity to make a deal with the
rebels for their oil.
• The British sent soldier T.E.
Lawrence, or “Lawrence of Arabia”,
to aid them against the Ottomans.
This is how many European colonies
in Africa and Asia were drawn into
World War I.
Answer question #15 and #16
Comprehension Questions…
1. What was the Schlieffen Plan and why did it fail?
2. What caused a stalemate to develop on the Western
Front?
3. How was the Eastern front different from the
Western Front?
4. Where was the Third Front?
5. Why did Britain support the Arab revolt against the
ottoman Empire?
Next Steps: Read and annotate All Quiet on the Western Front.
Chapter 11, Section 3
Winning the War
Section 3 Vocabulary
• Total War
• Lusitania
• Military Conscription
• Woodrow Wilson
• Contraband
• Propaganda
• Atrocity
• Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• Self-determination
• Armistice
Winning the War
• World War I was the first Total
War. Nations had to put all of
their resources into the war
effort.
• Nations set up military
conscription, or "the draft“.
This required that all young
men had to be ready to fight.
• Women played an important
role, too. They took over the
jobs of millions of men who
had left to fight.
Propaganda
• Looking for contraband, such as
weapons or other illegal goods.
British naval blockades stopped
ships from carrying food and goods
in and out of Germany.
• In response to this “economic
warfare”, German U-boats
torpedoed the British passenger
liner the Lusitania.
• Both sides used propaganda to
control public opinion. They
printed tales of atrocities and
made exaggerated claims.
Answer question #17, #18, and #19
1,198 people died, including 114
Research online, then make
your own ORIGINAL
propaganda war poster to
encourage nationalism or
enlistments.
Growing Fears of a German Empire
• After years of war, long casualty
lists, food shortages, and the
failure to win led to calls for
peace in many countries
• The Allies were failing all over:
• Russia couldn’t get supplies
through the Dardenelles.
• Belgium was being crushed by
Germany.
• Britain was being severely
bombed by aircraft.
Read Statistics of WWI Handout
Enter America…
America had been hoping
the war would end
without our involvement.
Americans still made
deals with the Germans
until the Zimmerman
Note: Germans asked
Mexico to invade America
to keep them out of the
war!
Read and analyze the
Zimmerman Note
America Enters the War…
On April 2, 1917 the United States
joined the fight by declaring war
on Germany for 4 basic reasons:
1. Disturbed by the Zimmerman
note
2. Obligated to be an ally of
Britain and France
3. Angry about unrestricted
German u-boat attacks on
American merchant ships
4. Concerned about the Russian
Revolution
Answer question #20
Watch video on WWI
A Total War… Off Shore
• By 1918, about two million
fresh American soldiers had
joined the tired Allied troops.
To support the war, Americans…
• Grew victory gardens
• Bought war bonds
• Sent women to work in
factories
• Saved scrap metal
Homework: Read and annotate All
Quiet on the Western Front
The War Finally Ends
• In March of 1918, along with the
Americans, a final showdown on the
Western Front began.
• In the east, the Russian winter
helped push the Germans back from
the Eastern Front.
• Finally, German generals told the
Kaiser that the war could not be
won. He stepped down and asked
for an armistice, to end the
fighting.
• On November 11, 1918, World War I
came to an end.
A Plan for Peace
• U.S. President Wilson tried to
convince European nations to
follow his Fourteen Points, a
plan for peace.
• This list of terms for ending
this and future wars included
self-determination for the
peoples of Eastern Europe.
Wilson believed that people
had a right to govern
themselves and not have an
imperial power over them.
Answer question #21-22
Next Steps: read
Wilson’s 14 Points
Document
Comprehension Questions…
1. Describe how WWI was a total war?
2. What happened to the British ship Lusitania?
3. How did Britain conduct “economic warfare”
against Germany?
4. How did propaganda help the war effort?
5. What are four reasons why the United States
finally entered the war?
6. What was Wilson’s idea of “self-determination?
Chapter 11, Section 4
Making Peace
Section 4 Vocabulary
• Pandemic
• Reparations
• Mandate System
• David Lloyd George
• Gorges Clemenceau
• Woodrow Wilson
Problems Making Peace
• The costs of World War I were huge
in several ways.
• There was a great loss of life made
worse by an influenza pandemic.
• In addition, raising the money to
cover war debts to rebuild homes,
farms, factories and roads would
create new economic problems.
• The Allies blamed the war on the
defeated nations and demanded
that they make reparations, or
payments for war damage.
Answer part of question #23
See the Charts on p.371
20 million died
worldwide of the flu!
The End of Empires
• Governments had collapsed in
Russia, Germany, AustriaHungry, and the Ottoman
Empire.
• At the Paris Peace Conference,
the Allies decided the fate of
Europe, the former Ottoman
Empire, and colonies around
the world.
Answer question #24
“The Big Three”
The three main Allied leaders had different goals:
1. British Prime Minister David Lloyd
George wanted Germany to pay to
rebuild Britain.
2. The French leader Gorges
Clemenceau wanted to weaken
Germany militarily so that it could
never threaten France again.
3. But America didn’t want to punish
Germany. We wanted to keep peace
through building relationships.
Answer question #25 and part of #26
The Big Three: Britain,
France, and the U.S.
Treaty of Versailles
• In June 1919, the Allies ordered
delegates of the new German
Republic to sign the Treaty of
Versailles.
• The Germans were forced to:
1. Take the blame for causing the
war
2. Reduce the size of their
military
3. Pay war reparations to their
neighbors
Answer question #27
Colonies Lose Hope for Freedom
• People in the colonies had hoped to
end imperial rule were disappointed by
the Treaty.
• The winning Allies added to their
overseas empires by creating a
“Mandate System” which caused
colonial nations to come under Allied
control instead of gaining their
independence.
• The animosity created from the Treaty
of Versailles will directly cause WWII!
Answer question #28
Complete comparison
map of Europe “Before
and After” and T-chart
changes in the map.
America Says “No”
• The Paris Peace Conference
offered one ray of hope: the
League of Nations.
• Unfortunately, the failure of
the United States to join the
League of Nations weakened
it. Americans didn’t want to
get caught up in future
European wars. They
preferred to be Isolationists.
Answer the other part of question #26
Journal on the two images:
“tied down or incomplete
bridge?”
American view of the
League of Nations.
Comprehension Questions…
1. What are reparations and who were expected to pay
them?
2. How did the goals of the three main leaders at the Paris
Peace Conference differ?
3. What was the purpose of the League of Nations?
4. Why did America refuse to join?
5. Why were the leaders of the new German Republic upset
over the Treaty of Versailles?
6. Why were European colonies around the world upset
about the “Mandate System”?
Next Steps: Test and Historical Investigations