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Working in India
Questions économiques et sociales du
monde anglophone
Master LEA
John Mullen
http://johncmullen.blogspot.com
The subcontinent of India lies in south Asia,
between Pakistan, China and Nepal. To the north
it is bordered by the world's highest mountain
chain, where foothill valleys cover the
northernmost of the country's 29 states. Further
south, plateaus, tropical rain forests and sandy
deserts are bordered by palm fringed beaches .
How many official languages do you think there are in India?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Two?
Ten?
Eighteen?
Thirty six?
Three hundred and twenty five?
Three hundred and twenty five languages are spoken in India, but there
are eighteen official languages. (In France there is one, and in the uSA,
none). Here are what some of the Indian languages look like written
down,
National Emblem
“Truth alone triumphs”
Quiz
If the countries in the world are listed according to
the size of their population, is India
a) first b) second c) third d) seventh?
If the countries of the world are listed according to
population density, is India
a) Fourth b) fifteenth c) twenty fifth d) thirty third?
If the countries of the world are listed by total GDP is
India
a) Fourth b) ninth c) seventeenth d) fifty third?
If the countries are now listed in order of GDP per
capita, is India
a) fifteenth? b) fifty eighth c) sixty fourth? c) a
hundred and forty third?
India has the second highest
population of all the countries
in the world. It is thirty third by
population density. Its
economy is ninth in the world
by total GDP but 143rd by GDP
per capita.
 5,000 year old civilization
 325 languages spoken – 1,652
dialects
 18 official languages
 29 states, 7 union territories
 3.28 million sq. kilometers - Area
 7,516 kilometers - Coastline
 over 1,000,000,000 people
If France’s commercial parthners are listed in order of trade volume,
India, in this list is
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fifth?
Fourteenth?
Forty second?
Ninety third?
fourteenth
Rabindranath Tagore
1913 – Nobel Prize in Literature
Ramanujam
Great Indian Mathematician
Postulated and proved 3,542 theorems
1887-1920
C.V Raman
1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics
Work on scattering of light and Raman effect
Mother Teresa
1979 – Nobel Prize in Peace
Har Gobind Khorana
1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine
Work on interpretation of the genetic code
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
1983 - Nobel Laureate in Physics
Work on structure and evolution of stars
A few important dates in Indian history
World’s first university in Takshila –700
B.C
Taxila became a noted centre of learning (including the
religious teachings of Hinduism) at least several centuries
BCE, and continued to attract students from around the old
world until the destruction of the city in the 5th century.
Generally, a student entered Taxila at the age of sixteen. The
Vedas, the ancient and the most revered Hindu scriptures,
and the Eighteen Silpas or Arts, which included skills such as
archery, hunting, and elephant lore, were taught, in addition
to its law school, medical school, and school of military
science.
Students came to Taxila from far-off places such as Kashi,
Kosala and Magadha, in spite of the long and arduous
journey they had to undergo, on account of the excellence
of the learned teachers there, all recognized as authorities
on their respective subjects.
From wikipedia
400 BC : Buddhism was founded in India (This is a 1980s statue
in Bodghaya)
Buddhism is a one of the six major religions. It is based on the teachings
Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha or "awakened one". Some of the
main teachings of Buddhism include the Four Noble Truths, Karma and the
Eightfold Path. Buddhism can also be thought of as a philosophy or a science of
mind, as Buddhists do not believe in a creator God.
Buddhist practices such as meditation are claimed to be means of changing
oneself in order to develop the qualities of awareness, kindness, and wisdom.
There are around 350 million Buddhists. They follow many different forms of
Buddhism, but all traditions are characterized by non-violence, lack of dogma,
tolerance of differences, and, usually, by the practice of meditation.
1632 the Taj Mahal was built on the orders of Shah
Jahan as a tribute to his deceased wife.
The Taj Mahal (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl/, more often /ˈtɑːʒ/;[3]
meaning Crown of the Palace[4]) is an ivory-white
marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna
river in the Indian city of Agra. It was commissioned in
1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (reigned
1628–1658), to house the tomb of his favourite wife,
Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17hectare (42-acre)[5] complex, which includes a mosque
and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens
bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.
From wikipedia
East India House Headquarters o fthe company which effectivemey
ruled India from the 1750s until 1858
East Indies company money
1857 The « Indian Mutiny »
1857
1858 Direct colonial rule from London established
1876 Queen Victoria became Empress of India, although she
never visited the subcontinent
1885 - Indian National Congress founded as forum for emerging
nationalist feeling.
1906 Formation of the Muslim League
1911 British government change capital city from Calcutta to
Delhi
Albert Einstein
wrote of this man
“Generations to
come will scarce
believe that such
a one as this ever
in flesh and
blood walked
upon this earth. ”
1893-1906 Gandhi works for Indian rights in South Africa
1906 Gandhi introduces Non-violent protest philosophy of
Satyagraha
I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the
good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent.
1915 Gandhi returns to India
1917 Gandhi establishes his Ashram (or commune)
1918 Gandhi organizes poor farmers against oppressive taxation
1919 Amritsar massacre : between 400 and 1 000 dead
1920 Non-cooperation movement
1922 Gandhi arrested
1924 Gandhi fasts for twenty one days on an attempt to
reconcile Hindus and Muslims
1925 Gandhi founds the All-India spinners association
The Golden Temple
Amritsar
1930 the Indian Congress declares the Independence of
India, but the British will not leave for 17 more years
We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as
of any other people, to have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of
their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have
full opportunities of growth. We believe also that if any
government deprives a people of these rights and oppresses them
the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. The British
government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of
their freedom but has based itself on the exploitation of the
masses, and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally
and spiritually. We believe therefore, that India must sever the
British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or complete
sovereignty and self-rule.
1930 Gandhi’s great salt marches: the British arrested over
60 000 people.
1931 Gandhi visits England
1932 Gandhi fasts to protest against separate elections for
« untouchables »,
1934 Gandhi announces retirement from politics to concentrate
on Village economics,
1942 : Quit India movement. All congress leaders, including Gandhi, are
arrested.
June 1947, the parliament in London passes the Indian Independence Act
August 1947, the partition of India and Pakistan
January 12 1948, Gandhi announces a fast against Hindu/Muslim violence
in Delhi
January 30 1948, Gandhi is assassinated by a Hindu extremist
1942-43 - Congress launches "Quit India" movement.
1947 - End of British rule and partition of sub-continent into mainly Hindu
India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan.
15th August , 1947
Indian Independence
26th January , 1950
Republic- India
1948 - War with Pakistan over disputed territory of Kashmir.
1951-52 - Congress Party wins first general elections under leadership of
Jawaharlal Nehru.
1965 - Second war with Pakistan over Kashmir.
1966 - Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi becomes prime minister.
1974 - India explodes first nuclear device in underground test.
1984 - Troops storm Golden Temple - Sikhs'
most holy shrine – which was occupied by Sikh
militants pressing for self-rule.
1984 - Indira Gandhi assassinated by Sikh
bodyguards, following which her son, Rajiv,
takes over.
Sikhs commemorate 30 years after the attack on the Golden Temple
Indira Gandhi
1984 December - Gas leak at Union Carbide pesticides plant in Bhopal.
Thousands are killed immediately, many more subsequently die or are
left disabled.
1991 - Rajiv Gandhi assassinated by suicide bomber
sympathetic to Sri Lanka's Tamil Tigers.
1991 - Economic reform programme begun by Prime
Minister PV Narasimha Rao.
1992 - Hindu extremists demolish mosque in Ayodhya,
triggering widespread Hindu-Muslim violence.
1996 - Congress suffers worst ever
electoral defeat as Hindu nationalist
BJP emerges as largest single party.
1998 - BJP forms coalition government
under Prime Minister Atal Behari
Vajpayee.
1998 - India carries out nuclear tests,
leading to widespread international
condemnation.
2011 March - Results of 2011 census put India's population at
1.21 billion, an increase of 181 million over ten years.
2014 May - The Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party and
its candidate for prime minister, Narendra Modi, win
parliamentary elections by a landslide.