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Name __________________ Class Period ___ Date _______ Similarities and differences: understanding homology and analogy Access the following link: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_hs_01 Directions: As you move through the website, complete the following: Define the following in your own words: Biological Similarities: Common Ancestor: Homology: Analogy: Convergent Evolution Play the short game: The tale of the limb Note two similarities between the four limbs shown. a. _______________________________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________________________ The tetrapod limb Name the species that go with each of the four tetrapod limbs shown. a. ____________________________ c. ____________________________ b. ____________________________ d. ____________________________ Look at the four species shown. What other similarities exist between these four animals? a. ____________________________ c. ____________________________ b. ____________________________ d. ____________________________ 1 | Homologies and Analogies Inheriting homologies How do such different animals wind up with the same sort of limb? a. ________________________________ How many years have passed since the single common ancestor lived? b. _______________________________ What are structures that are inherited from a common ancestor called? c. _______________________________ Homologies are everywhere Name three homologous structures. a. ___________________________________ b.___________________________________ c.___________________________________ Not all similarity is homology Look at the evolutionary tree shown. Explain why the octopus limb and the vertebrate limbs are not homologous. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2 | Homologies and Analogies Analogies Read the information provided. Look at the first cladogram. Notice the characteristic dot with the information (common ancestor with canine teeth) printed beside it. The grey dot is placed at the top of the vertical line and at the T of the divergent line. On this cladogram both marsupials and placental animals inherit canine teeth. Read the information about the second cladogram. Notice the location of the characteristic dots. The dots indicate homologous and analogous structures. Name one homologous structure and the four species that inherit the structure: Homologous Structure: __________________________________________________________ a. __________________b. ____________________c. ________________d. ____________________ Name one analogous structure and the two species that inherit the structure: Analogous Structure: _________________________ a. _________________________ b. _______________________ How do analogies evolve? On the diagram above, insert the following characteristic dots: Cartilage- ( hint- place this dot at the top of a T ) Bones- (hint- place this dot at the top of a T) Use the internet, or your own knowledge to place characteristic dots on the cladogram that are responsible for the divergence of separate species. Test your own understanding Are wings of sugar gliders and flying squirrels homologous or analogous? ________________ 3 | Homologies and Analogies