Download Biology 555 Syllabus

ADVANCED OCEANOGRAPHY
Biology 555
Course Description: Principles and processes of physical, chemical geological and
biological oceanography. Fa only. (26.0607)
Prerequisites: Biology 551 and 152.
Instructor: Dr. Thomas M. Soniat.
Office and Phone: 135 Peltier, 448-4865
E-mail: [email protected]
Office Hours: 7:30 -10:30 am M,W&F and by appointment.
Required Textbooks: None. This is an advanced course that emphasizes the use of
primary literature. Copies of the readings are available at Copy Connection.
Course Goals and Requirements: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the
ocean as an integrated system. An understanding of the required readings (see below) is
necessary for the successful completion of the course.
Student Outcome Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student will:
(1) recognize the impacts of physical, chemical and geological factors on marine
organisms, communities and ecosystems.
(2) compare similarities and distinguish differences in marine habitats
(3) appreciate the diversity of the marine environment
Outline of Course Content:
Meeting Date
08/26/03
09/02/03
09/09/03
09/16/03
09/23/03
09/30/03
10/07/03
10/14/03
10/21/03
10/28/03
11/04/03
11/11/03
11/18/03
11/25/03
12/02/03
Topic
Introduction and class project
Primary production in the sea: processes and limits
Limits to fish production in the sea
Hot vents and cold seeps: bottom-up autotrophy
Upwelling: bringing it all together
Deltaic processes and coastal erosion
Outwelling. Do estuaries support offshore production?
Mississippi River flow, nutrient load and shelf hypoxia
Harmful algal blooms: a link to coastal eutrophication?
Global climate and Louisiana fisheries
Fisheries oceanography
Operational oceanography: ships, satellites and stations
Benthos: life on the bottom
Benthic/pelagic coupling
Marine biodiversity: causes and conservation
Methods of Evaluation: The students will be evaluated every class period based upon
participation in class discussions (50%) and presentation of assigned readings (50%).
Required Readings: Readings must be completed before the class date listed below:
Class Date
Topic/Readings/Web sites:
09/02/03
Primary production in the sea: processes and limits
Riley, G.A. 1946. Factors controlling phytoplankton populations on
Georges Bank. J. Mar. Res. 6:54-73.
Falkowski, P.G. et al. 1998. Biogeochemical controls on feedbacks on
ocean primary production. Science 281:200-206.
Coale, K. H. et al. 1996. A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by
ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific
Ocean. Nature 383:495-501.
09/09/03
Limits to fish production in the sea
Rhyther, J.H. 1969. Photosynthesis and fish production in the sea. Science
166:72-76.
Pauly, D. and V. Christensen. 1995. Primary production required to
sustain global fisheries. Nature 374:255-257.
09/09/03
Hot vents and cold seeps: bottom-up autotrophy
Corliss, J.B. et al. 1979. Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift.
Science 203:1073-1083.
Jannasch, H. W. and M.J. Mottl. 1985. Geomicrobiology of deep-sea
hydrothermal vents. Science 229:717-725.
Grassle, J. F. 1985. Hydrothermal vent animals: distribution and biology.
Science 229:713-717.
Fisher, C.R. et al. 2000. Methane ice worms: Hesiocaeca methanicola
colonizing fossil fuel reserves. Naturwissenchaften 87:184-187.
09/16/03
Upwelling: bringing it all together
Barber, R. T. 2001. Upwelling ecosystems In: J. H. Stelle (ed.),
Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, pages 3128-3135. Academic Press, NY.
Bakun, A. 1990. Global Climate change and intensification of coastal
ocean upwelling. Science 247:198-201.
Cushing, D.H. 1981. The effect of El-Nino on the Peruvian anchoveta
stock. In:F.A. Richards (ed.), Coastal Upwelling, pages 449-457.
American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
Rowe, G.T. 1981. The benthic processes of coastal upwelling systems.
In:F.A. Richards (ed.), Coastal Upwelling, pages 464-471. American
Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.
09/23/03
Deltaic processes and coastal erosion.
Baumann, R.H. et al. 1984. Mississippi deltaic wetland survival:
sedimentation versus coastal submergence. Science 224:1093-1094.
Turner, R.E. 1997. Wetland loss in the northern Gulf of Mexico: multiple
working hypotheses. Estuaries 20:1-13.
Gosselink, J.G. 2001. Comments on Turner, R.E. 1997. “Wetland loss in
the northern Gulf of Mexico: multiple working hypotheses.” By R.E.
Turner. 1997 Estuaries 20:1-13. Estuaries 24:636-639.
Turner, R.E. 2001. Estimating the indirect effects of hydrological change
on wetland loss: If the earth is curved, then how would we know it?
Estuaries 24:639-646.
Day, J.W. et al. 2001. Patterns and processes of wetland loss in coastal
Louisiana are complex: A reply to Turner 2001. Estimating the indirect
effects of hydrological change on wetland loss: If the earth is curved, then
how would we know it? Estuaries 24:647-651.
10/07/03
Outwelling. Do estuaries support offshore production?
Odum, E.P. 2000. Tidal marshes as outwelling/pulsing systems. In: M.P.
Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (eds.), Concepts and Controversies in Tidal
Marsh Ecology, pages 3-7. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands.
Nixon, S.W. 1980. Between coastal marshes and coastal waters: A review
of twenty years of speculation and research on the role of salt marshes and
estuarine productivity. In: P. Hamilton and K.B. MacDonald (eds.),
Estuarine Wetland Processes, pages 437-520. Plenum Press, NY.
Childers, D.L. et al. 2000. Twenty more years of marsh and estuarine flux
studies. In: M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (eds.), Concepts and
Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology, pages 391-423. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
10/14/03
Mississippi River flow, nutrient load and shelf hypoxia
.
Rabalais, N.N. et al. 2002. Gulf coast hypoxia, a.k.a. “The dead zone.”
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:235-262.
Goolsby, D.A. 2000. Mississippi Basin nitrogen flux believed to cause
Gulf hypoxia. Eos 81:321-327
10/21/03
Harmful algal blooms: a link to coastal eutrophication?
Hallegraeff, G. M. 1993. A review of harmful algal blooms
and their apparent increase. Phycologia 32:79-99.
Turner, R.E. and N.N. Rabalais. 1994. Coastal eutrophication near the
Mississippi River. Nature 368:619-621.
10/28/03
Climate and fisheries
Philander, G. El-Nino and La-Nina. American Scientist 77:451-459.
Hofmann, E.E. and T.M. Powell. 1998. Environmental variability effects
on marine fisheries: four case histories. Ecological Applications. 8:S23S32.
Suggested web site(s): http://iri.ideo.columbia.edu
11/04/03
Fisheries oceanography
Zabel, R.W. 2003. Ecologically sustainable yield. American Scientist.
91:150-157.
Pauly, D.V et al. 1998. Fishing down marine food webs. Science 279:860863.
Grimes, C.B. 2001. Fishery production and the Mississippi River
discharge. Fisheries 26:17-26.
Powell, E.N. et al. 1993. Modeling oyster populations. IV: Rates of
mortality, population crashes, and management. Fishery Bulletin 92:347373.
Suggested web site(s): www.fisheries.com
11/11/03
Operational oceanography: ships, satellites and stations
Summerhayes, C.P. and R.Rayner. 2002. Operational oceanography.
In: J.G. Field et al. (eds.), Oceans 2020, pages 187-207. Island Press,
Washington, D.C.
Detrick, R.S. et al. 1999. Seafloor to surface to satellite to shore. Oceanus
42(1):12-13.
Frye, D. et al. 2000. Portable coastal observatories. Oceanography
13(2):24-31.
Glenn, S.M. et al. 2000. Long-term real-time coastal ocean observation
networks. Oceanography 13:24-34.
Nowlin, W. D. 1999. A strategy for long-term ocean observations. Bulletin
of American Meteorological Society 80(4):621-627.
11/18/03
Benthos: life on the bottom
Kingston, P.F. 2001. Benthic organisms overview. In: J. H. Stelle (ed.),
Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, pages 286-295. Academic Press, NY.
Rhodes, D.C. and D.K. Young. 1970. The influence of deposit-feeding
organisms on sediment stability and community trophic structure. Journal
of Marine Research: 28:150-178.
Rabalais, N.N. et al. 2001. Responses of nekton and demersal and benthic
fauna to decreasing oxygen concentrations. In: Coastal Hypoxia:
Consequences for Living Resources and Ecosystems, pages 115-128.
American Geophysical Union.
11/25/03
Benthic-pelagic coupling
Wildish, D.J. 2001. Benthic boundary layer effects. In: J. H. Stelle (ed.),
Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, pages 286-295. Academic Press, NY.
Dame, R.F. et al. 2000. Benthic-pelagic coupling in marsh-estuarine
ecosystems. In: M.P. Weinstein and D.A. Kreeger (eds.), Concepts and
Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology, pages 369-389. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
12/02/03
Kreeger, D.A. and R.I.E. Newell. 2000. Trophic complexity between
producers and invertebrate consumers in salt
marshes. In: M.P. Weinstein and D.A.
Kreeger (eds.), Concepts and Controversies
in Tidal Marsh Ecology, pages 3-7. Kluwer
Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The
Netherlands.
Marine biodiversity: causes and conservation
Sanders, H.L. 1968. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study.
American Naturalist 100:242-282.
Ray, G.C. and J.F. Grassle. 1991. Marine biological diversity. Bioscience
41:435-457.
Grassle, J.F. 1991. Deep-sea benthic biodiversity. Bioscience 41:464-469.
Stelle, J.H. 1991. Marine functional diversity. Bioscience 41:470-474.
Ray, G.C. 1991. Coastal-zone biodiversity patterns.. Bioscience 41:490498.
ADA Compliance: If you have a documented disability that requires assistance, you will need to
register with the Office of Disability Services for coordination of your academic
accommodations. The Office of Disability Services is located in Peltier Hall, Room 100-A. The
phone number is (985) 448-4430 (TDD 449-7002).
Last Day to Drop with a “W”: 3 November.
Attendance and Attentiveness: You must read all assignments before class, attend all lectures,
answer questions based on the readings, participate in all discussions, and lead discussions when
assigned.
Make-up Policy: You must attend all class meetings. If, in the judgement of the instructor, your
absence was excusable, you will be assigned extra responsibilities in presenting assigned
readings. Thus, there is no opportunity to make up an absence from the last class of the semester.
If you anticipate any problems making it to any class, please communicate this with the
instructor in advance.
Extra Credit Policy: There is no opportunity for “extra credit” work.
Academic Dishonesty Policy: Academic dishonesty will be dealt with according to the
guidelines of the NSU Student Handbook.