Download Human Health

Human Health
Primary Source:
IPCC WG-2 Chapter 8 - Human Health
(Plus parts of WG-2 Chapters 9-16)
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Human Health: Factors and Trends
“Health includes physical, social and psychological well-being.”
• Average life expectancy at birth, since 1950s: 
• Child mortality (1970 - 2002):

• In parts of Africa, life expectancy, last 20 yr.:

• In 16 countries, mortality under age 5:

• ~ 2 M deaths/yr by diarrhoeal diseases (unsafe water)
• ~ 1 M child deaths/yr by malaria
• 840 M people under-nourished, 1998-2000
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Pathways: Climate Change  Human Health
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Contributors to Vulnerability
• Heat Waves
• Cold waves
• Wind, storms and floods
• Drought
• Air & water quality
• Infectious diseases
• Ultraviolet radiation
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Most Vulnerable
• Low-income countries
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Most Vulnerable
• Low-income countries
• Urban poor
• Elderly and children
• Traditional societies
• Subsistence farmers
• Coastal populations
Darfur,
Afghanistan
Philippines
Zimbabwe
Senegal
Sudan
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Gender Factors
• Gender differences in exposure to risk, warning
communication, social/economic impacts …
• Natural disasters have produced increased domestic
violence
• Natural disasters provide empowerment opportunities
- 1999 Orissa (India) cyclone: women received the
relief kits, including home-building grants
 improved social status & self-esteem
- 1992 Pakistan flood: women involved in
reconstruction & design of homes and given joint
ownership
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Wealth Factors
• No one is immune!
Hurricane Katrina
2003 Heat Wave
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Africa: Current Health “Hotspots” - 1
Declines in real wealth
Complex and serial disasters:
Deteriorating food security
Amplify vulnerability
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Africa: Current Health “Hotspots” - 2
Dryness, low humidity,
dusty conditions
Vulnerable
populations
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
European Heatwave - 2003 - Anomaly
JJA temperature anomaly
relative to (1961-1999)
Bottom panels: Switzerland
Observed (1864-2002)
RCM simulation (1961-1990)
RCM simulation (2071-2100)
A2 scenario, HadAM3H GCM
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
European Heatwave - 2003 - France
Excess mortality:
1-15 August 2003
Daily mortality & temperature:
Paris
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Selected Health Impacts of Climate Change
Changes in distribution of T,
humidity, precip., drought
Changes in drought, flood, pests,
disruption of distribution
Drought promotes dusty air
Changes in distribution of T,
humidity, precip., drought
Reduced water quality by
stagnation, flood aftermath…
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)
Human Health
END
(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)
Human Health (from IPCC WG-2, Chapters 8,9-16)