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Restructuring the
Postwar World
1945 -- Present
Chapter 33
C-33, S-1
•What is the main idea
of section 1 and why
does it matter now?
S-1: Two Superpowers Face Off
• The conflicting aims between the United
conflicting aims between the United States
and the Soviet Union led to global
competition.
• The conflicts between these two
superpowers played a major role in reshaping
the modern world.
C-33, S-1
•How did the Yalta
Conference affect
Germany? (855)
This involved dividing
Germany into sections
controlled by the Soviet
Union and the Western
powers.
C-33, S-1
• What 2 superpowers (with
serious differences) were
involved in forming the
United Nations? (855)
Two superpowers
•United States
•U.S.S.R.
C-33, S-1
• Countries in Eastern Europe
who were loyal to the Soviet
Union were known as ___
nations of the Soviet Union.
(856)
Satellite nations
C-33, S-1
What was the “iron
curtain” and who named
it? (857)
Iron Curtain
• Winston Churchill created the
term “Iron Curtain”
• This was the division between
the mostly democratic Western
Europe and Communist Eastern
Europe
C-33, S-1
•What was President
Truman’s foreign
policy of
containment? (857)
policy of “containment”
• President Truman’s foreign
policy
• This policy sought to block Soviet
influence and therefore prevent
the expansion of Communism
C-33, S-1
•What was the
Truman Doctrine?
(858)
Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan
•Truman Doctrine:
support for countries
that rejected
communism.
This was an Alliance
between the Soviet
Union and its
Eastern European
allies.
C-33, S-1
Which is more
powerful, an A-bomb
or an H-bomb? (859)
A-bomb: Fat Boy
A-bomb
H-bomb
C-33, S-1
What was / is
brinkmanship? (860)
This is the policy of
demonstrating a
willingness to engage
in a war to protect
national interests.
C-33, S-1
What was the effect
of Sputnik I? (860)
Sputnik 1 made the U.S. realize
that we were behind the
U.S.S.R in space technology.
C-33, S-1
What the effect of the U2 incident? (860)
The trial of Francis Gary Powers:
U.S. is guilty of spying and greatly
increased Cold War tension
C-33, S-2
• What is the main idea of
section 2 and why does it
matter now?
C-33 S-2 Communists Triumph in
China
• After World War II, Chinese Communists
defeated Nationalist forces and two
separate Chinas emerged.
• China remains a Communist country and
a major player on the world stage.
C-33, S-2
•Which two groups
fought a civil war in
China both before and
after World War II?
(862)
China  Nationalists & Communists
• Kuomintang of China
• (Nationalist)
中國國民黨
中国国民党
• Chinese Communist
Party
中国共产党
中國共產黨
C-33, ,S-2
• Which leader won China’s
civil war, and what name
did he give the country?
(862-3)
Mao Zedong  People’s Republic of China
C-33, S-2
• In what ways did the existence
of 2 Chinas intensify the Cold
War between the United
States and the Soviet Union?
(863)
The Existence of 2 Chinas intensifies
the Cold War
• PRC   USSR
• ROC   USA
• North Korea   USSR
• South Korea   USA
C-33, S-2
• Mao’s determined to reshape
China’s economy based on
what he called social
democracy. In reality, this was
based on ______ socialism.
(864)
Social Democracy
• Mao was determined to reshape China’s
economy based on what he called social
democracy.
• In reality, this was based on Marxist
socialism.
C-33, S-2
• Why did the Great Leap
Forward turn out to be a Great
Leap Backward for China?
(864)
Great Leap Forward
• Poor planning
• Failure of communes
• Crop failures
• Starvation
C-33, S-2
•Who were the Red
Guards? (865)
Red Guards were a mass movement of civilians,
mostly students and other young people, who
were mobilized by Mao Zedong between 1966
and 1968, during the Cultural Revolution.
Little Red Book 
C-33, S-2
•During the Cultural
Revolution, who were
the “new heroes” of
China? (865)
Cultural Revolution  “new heroes”
• To establish a society of peasants and
workers who were all equal
• The new hero was the peasant who worked
with his hands.
• The life of the mind – intellectual and artistic
activity --- was considered useless and
dangerous.
• To help stamp out this threat, the Red Guards
shut down colleges and schools.