Download SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PART 2 and METAMORPHIC NOTES KEY

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS PART 2
CHEMICAL ROCKS
1. CHEMICAL sedimentary rocks form when minerals DISSOLVED in a solution CRYSTALLIZE.
2. Chemical LIMESTONE forms when the mineral CALCITE that is dissolved in LAKES,
SEAS, or UNDERGROUND water forms CRYSTALS.
3. Another way chemical rocks can form is when water EVAPORATES from seas or lakes,
leaving MINERAL deposits behind. ROCK salt from the mineral HALITE
forms in this way.
USES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
1. Like igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks have been used throughout history for BUILDING
materials and TOOLS.
2. FLINT has been used for thousands of years to make ARROWHEADS.
3. SANDSTONE and LIMESTONE are used in building materials.
4. LIMESTONE is also used in making CEMENT and STEEL.
LIMESTONE FROM CORAL REEFS p. 109
1. A coral reef forms ORGANIC limestone.
2. Organic limestone can be found in Alabama and many other states such as Texas, Illinois, Indiana
and New Mexico because for MILLIONS of years, the central United States was
A WARM climate covered by SHALLOW seas.
3. This explains how thick deposits of LIMESTONE formed by CORAL reefs are
found 2,600 meters above SEA level!
METAMORPHIC ROCKS p. 110-112
1. Two forces that can change any existing rock into metamorphic rocks:
HEAT and PRESSURE.
2. When a rock is changed into a metamorphic rock, its APPEARANCE, TEXTURE,
CRYSTAL structure, and CHEMICAL content change.
3. Deep inside the Earth, heat from pockets of MAGMA or the MANTLE produce
METAMORPHIC rocks.
4. The DEEPER a rock is buried, the greater the PRESSURE on that rock.
TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
1. Geologists classify metamorphic rocks according to the ARRANGEMENT of the GRAINS
that make up the rock.
2. Metamorphic rocks with grains arranged in parallel layers are called FOLIATED,
which comes from the Latin word for LEAF.
3. Examples of foliated metamorphic rock on p. 111 are GNEISS and SLATE.
4. GNEISS forms from the igneous rock granite.
5. Metamorphic rocks with grains arranged randomly are called NON-FOLIATED.
6. Two examples of non-foliated metamorphic rock on p. 111 are QUARTZITE and MARBLE.
7. QUARTZITE forms from the sedimentary rock sandstone.
8. Classify each metamorphic rock as FOLIATED or NON-FOLIATED
NON-FOLIATED--Marble
FOLIATED--Slate
FOLIATED--Gneiss
USES OF METAMORPHIC ROCK
1. The 2 most useful metamorphic rocks are MARBLE and SLATE.
2. Marble forms from LIMESTONE.
3. Marble is used in many building materials and statues because it can be CUT into thin slabs,
CARVED into many shapes, is easy to POLISH and comes in a variety of COLORS.
4. Because SLATE comes in a variety of COLORS and SPLITS easil into FLAT pieces, it is used in flooring,
ROOFING, outdoor walkways, CHALKBOARDS, and TRIM for stone buildings.