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Australia, New Zealand, Oceania, Antarctica (ANZOA) Vocabulary • • • • Archipelago – A chain of islands Low Island – made of coral reefs High Island – created by volcanoes Atoll – coral island that surrounds a lagoon Vocab continued… • Outback - dry interior of Australia Oceania • • • • Landforms – Islands Climate – Tropical Wet and Dry Vegetation – not diverse, generally poor soil Resources – natural beauty (tourism) Australia • Located in the Southern Hemisphere – Warmest months: December, January, February – Coldest Months: June, July, August • Climate – 40% is some form of desert (center of the country) – Humid Subtropical on the coasts and in the north – Southern regions are temperate • Cool, wet winters; warm, dry summers Quick Facts - Australia • Land Area – 2,941,299 sq mi • Highest Point - Mt. Kosciuszko 7,312 ft • Resources – bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, petroleum – Australia is the world's largest net exporter of coal accounting for 29% of global coal exports • 6 states and 2 territories – New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia – Australian Capitol Territory, Northern Territory Unique Physical Features - Australia • Great Barrier Reef – 1,250 mile long chain of reefs and islands – Rich in species of coral and fish • Uluru Rock (Ayers Rock) – 1142 feet high – One of the oldest known rock formations in world. – Major tourist attraction – is situated almost exactly in the middle of Australia. It is owned by the Uluru Aboriginal tribe – Sandstone and lead (lead oxidizes and makes it appear reddish) Natural Disasters - Australia • Soil erosion - overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices • Desertification - clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species • The Great Barrier Reef - is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site • Forest Fires – 2013; New South Wales Bushfire – 250,000 acres – 2014 South Australian Bushfires – 750,000 acres New Zealand • Land Area – 103,737 sq. mi. • 16 Administrative Divisions and 1 Territory • Landforms – North Island = Forests and Farmland – South Island = Mountains + Glaciers • Highest Point - Mt. Cook – 12,316 ft New Zealand – Part Two • Located in the Southern Hemisphere – Warmest months: December, January, February – Coldest Months: June, July, August • Climate – Temperate with drastic regional shifts • Resources – Very limited minerals, sheep, cattle Unique Physical Features – New Zealand • Located on the Ring of Fire • Volcanos – Located on the Northern Island – Many are active • Southern Alps – Western parts of South Island – Over 350 glaciers – 19 peaks above 10,000 ft Natural Disasters – New Zealand • Earthquakes – https://www.geonet.org.nz/quakes/statistics – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alC7JpUuDMI – 2011 Christchurch Earthquake – November 13, 2016 • http://www.wsj.com/video/new-zealand-earthquake-impactcaptured-by-drone/7FFC0289-1441-45DB-B128C6B3082B3653.html Antarctica • Landforms – Mountains – Windswept plains • Climate – Ice cap – Earth’s coldest and driest climate (polar desert) • Vegetation – Lichens and Mosses • Resources – Largest supply of freshwater in world (ice) Human Environment Interaction • Nuclear Testing – 1946-1958, USA used Marshall islands as testing grounds for nuclear bombs • Rabbit Invasion – 1859 Thomas Austin brings 24 rabbits to Australia to hunt for food – 1900 Rabbit population = 1 Billion + – Australia tried bringing in foxes, diseases…not working!