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Copyrights© 2004 AU GREAT GREEN WALL FOR THE SAHARA AND SAHEL INITIATIVE The Great Green Wall for the Sahara and Sahel A General Overview Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso May 5, 2009 By African Union Commission African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Brief History Of Green Belts / Walls in Africa The idea of initiating a green belt was born well before the United Nations conference on combating desertification (Nairobi, 1977). Already there were green belt projects and similar activities in Africa for decades, for example: – Biological fixation of coastal dunes in Morocco (1915) – The Green belt project in Niamey (1965) – The Green barrier project in Algeria (1971) – The Green belt project in Nouakchott (1975) – The ‘Green Belt for Nigeria’ African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Why the renewed focus on Great Green Wall for the Sahara Initiative (GGWSSI)? Copyrights© 2004 AU Rio family of Conventions. – – – Climate change Desertification Biodiversity Land tenure and demographic changes Poverty alleviation Increased deforestation Food insecurity MDG goals African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Overview of GGWSSI In July 2005, President Olusegun Obasanjo of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, proposed the establishment of a “Green Wall for the Sahara Initiative” at the Fifth Ordinary Summit of the African Union (AU). The Heads of State supported it and requested the Chairperson of the African Union Commission to facilitate the elaboration of a concept paper. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Overview of GGWSSI A concept paper was subsequently developed and launched during the Food Security Summit held in Abuja, Nigeria on 7th December 2006. The Summit in January 2007 adopted a Declaration and Decision on it, urging the Commission to proceed with facilitating the implementation of the concept, and A Plan of Action to adopted by AU Summit in January 2009. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Scope Sahara-Sahel Countries: Algeria; Burkina Faso; Cape verde; Chad; Djibouti; Egypt; Ethiopia; Erithrea; Guinea Bissau; Libya; Mali; Mauritania; Niger; Nigeria; Saharawi Arab Republic; Senegal; Somalia; Sudan; The Gambia; and Tunisia. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Goals and Objectives Bringing together relevant actors within a framework to address desertification and environmental degradation through inter-related and coordinated set of activities; To improve the livelihoods of the inhabitants of the Sahel-Sahara zones Enhancing environmental sustainability Controlling land degradation; Promoting integrated natural resources management; Arresting the advance of the Sahara Desert; Conserving biological diversity; and Contributing to Poverty Reduction African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Expected Outputs In the short-term, the Initiative could: Enhance policy harmonization; Create awareness and thus get the wider public involved in a sustainable manner; Create alternative livelihood systems for the populations affected and create wealth African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Expected Outputs cont’d In the long-term, it could: Arrest soil degradation; Slow the advance of the desert frontier; Reduce poverty amongst the participating populations; Ameliorate climatic conditions within the Wall; Contribute to climate change adaptation and mitigation; Conserve biodiversity; Produce a publication on lessons learnt. Increase land productivity and food production African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Implementation Modalities and Approaches The Initiative will have several dimensions which are complementary and mutually reinforcing. Enhancement of existing knowledge, and capacity. Resource mapping (biodiversity, soil and water) An institutional survey to identify the various institutions with various capabilities to work on the different dimensions/aspects of the project Lessons learned from previous projects would be incorporated in the initiative. Initiative to be mainstreamed in countries national development plan / strategies (e.g. in the PRSP documents). African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Implementation Modalities and Approaches (contd.) Except where Transboundary issues are concerned, the initiative would be implemented at the level of individual countries. – This therefore places special importance on indigenous knowledge, the development of local capacity and the promotion of synergistic actions of local bilateral, multilateral interventions. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Implementation Modalities and Approaches (contd.) Initiative would be linked to multilateral and bilateral agencies: – – – – ECOWAS Environmental Programme under the purview of the Permanent Inter-State Committee for the Control of Drought in the Sahel (CILSS). Environment Initiative of NEPAD The United Nations conventions; UNCCD, UNFCC and CBD. TerrAfrica Sustainable Land Management Africa-EU strategic partnership on Climate Change African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Institutional Arrangements Steering Committee of Ministers Technical Committee of MS Experts National Committees Sectoral institutions Local Committees Coordination by AUC, CEN-SAD Secretariat and Senegal African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Funding Arrangements National budgetary provisions Dedicated Trust Fund Multilateral and bilateral assistance African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Implementation Challenges Sheer size of the area to be managed, compounded by the weak institutional frameworks at both regional and national levels. Transhumance activities of livestock herders as they may interfere with reforestation and rehabilitation/development activities in the rangelands. Land tenure systems (which lands to be planted? Who owns what land?). Management of access to services and products accruing from the Initiative. Need for extensive investment to build local capacities. Climate change and variability (droughts and flood). Resource mobilization. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Overcoming/minimising the challenges cont’d Public/private partnership Phase-wise implementation, Joint development and submission of regional programme proposals for resource mobilisation Mainstream the roles of females and the youths in the programme implementation Integrate the Great Green Wall activities in the national development planning processes e.g. the PRSPs African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Way forward Review of the past green belt projects Identify and implement procedures for transferring existing green belts to the local communities. Continue to develop local capacities for effective management. Consolidating and scaling-up existing green belts where feasible. Mainstream the gender dimension into the Initiative. Integrated approach - rangeland component, soil & water management and rural development. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU Way forward (contd.) Regional cooperation and experiencesharing networks focusing on: – – – Consultations on approaches and modalities for implementing the national components. Joint global evaluation of achievements in the last decades, the results of which should be fed into the development of new technical and economic packages of implementation. Training and experience-sharing including field training which should capitalise on the countries positive results. African Union Commission May 8, 2017 Copyrights© 2004 AU GGWSSI- a shared Responsibility Thank you! African Union Commission May 8, 2017