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Chapter 15 – Years of Crisis
Section 3 – Fascism Rises in Europe
Main Idea- In
response to political
turmoil and economic
crisis, Italy and
Germany turned to
totalitarian dictators
Why it Matters NowThese dictators
changed the course of
history, and the world
is still recovering from
their abuse of power
Fascism Rises in Europe
• World wide
depression
allows Fascism to
come into power
– Fascism: stresses
extreme loyalty
to the state and
its leader
– Support comes
from all social
classes
Mussolini In Italy
• Italians unhappy with Treaty, inflation,
and unemployment look for new leader
• Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) gains support
– Oct 1922: Fascists march on Rome and King
Emmanuel III puts Il Duce in charge
Hitler takes control in Germany
• German brand of Fascism is called
Nazism
– National Socialist German Workers’ Party
(Nationalsozialistische Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei)
• Adolf Hitler is a skilled organizer and
speaker
– Allows him to become leader of Nazi
Party
– Tried to overthrow the govt.
• Placed in jail where Hitler writes Mein Kampf
(My Struggle)
– Sets forth his anti-Semitic beliefs and plans for
conquest
Hitler Cont….
• Germany’s economic problems and fear of
the Communist party help Hitler take
power legally as the chancellor of Germany
• Hitler then takes control
– Mysterious fire in Reichstag, blamed on
Communists, allows Nazi party to win
majority
Hitler’s New State
• Banned Strikes
• All business in govt hands
• Millions to work
– Built highways, arms, and military
•
•
•
•
Propaganda for Hitler
Burned non-Nazi books
Hitler Youth Groups formed
Laws depriving Jews of basic rights (1933)
Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor
(September 15, 1935)
Entirely convinced that the purity of German blood is essential to the further existence of the German
people, and inspired by the uncompromising determination to safeguard the future of the German nation,
the Reichstag has unanimously resolved upon the following law, which is promulgated here with:
Section 1
1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of
this law are void, even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they were concluded abroad.
2. Proceedings for annulment may be initiated only by the Public Prosecutor.
Section 2
Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden.
Section 3
Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German or kindred blood as domestic servants.
Section 4
1. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors.
2. On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish colors. The exercise of this right is protected by the State.
Section 5
1. A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 1 will be punished with hard labour.
2. A person who acts contrary to the prohibition of Section 2 will be punished with imprisonment or with hard labour.
3. A person who acts contrary to the provisions of Sections 3 or 4 will be punished with imprisonment up to a year and
with a fine, or with one of these penalties.
Section 6
The Reich Minister of the Interior in agreement with the Deputy Fuhrer and the Reich Minister of Justice will issue the
legal and administrative regulations required for the enforcement and supplementing of this law.
Section 7
The law will become effective on the day after its promulgation; Section 3, however, not until 1 January 1936.
Dictators Rule
• Eastern Europe becomes dominated by
dictators
• Only Czechoslovakia remains as democracy in
Eastern Europe