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Transcript
• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow • Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him. – He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow “Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!” • Do plants have brains? • Answer: No • Class poll, plants are intelligent. Yes _______ No __________ Webster Dictionary: Intelligence: noun. The ability to learn or understand things or to deal with new or difficult situations. • Some questions to think about. – How does a tree know when to drop its leaves? • When does a plant know when to grow, and when to remain dormant? • How does a tree know when spring has arrived and it’s time to create buds? • How can a plant move from one side to another? – It doesn’t even have muscles. • How does a plant know when to create flowers, and what color they should be? • How does a plant know when the flower has been fertilized and it’s time to make seeds? • How does a banana know when to ripen? • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. • When does a seed know it’s time to germinate? – Too early, or too late could be fatal to the young plant. • Does anybody know the answer…? • Answer: Plant Hormones. New Area of Focus: Plant Hormones. • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall; • Plant hormones are chemicals that affect flowering; aging; root growth; distortion, killing of leaves, stems, and other parts; prevention or promotion of stem elongation; color enhancement of fruit; prevention of leafing and/or leaf fall; and many other conditions. Plant hormones are chemicals that affect aspects of the plants life. Some plant hormones. -Auxin -Gibberelins -Cytokinins -Abscisic Acid -Ethylene • Do plants move? • Video Link! Plants searching for light. • Plants do move, although this movement is very little. (Not animal like) Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud dormancy. Phototropism: light source. When plants grow toward a Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Auxin: Promotes stem elongation and bud dormancy. Phototropism: light source. When plants grow toward a • A plant moves by elongating the cells on the opposite side of light, causing the plant to bend toward the light. • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. – Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend toward the light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Activity! Feeling phototropism in plants. – Stand up tall, feet slightly apart, and bend toward the light. – What part of your body elongates / stretches, and which shrinks in? • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Shorted Cells • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Elongated Cells Shorted Cells • Note: Plants do not have muscles, so the elongation and contraction occurs on a cellular level. Elongated Cells Shorted Cells • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Auxin also… – Stimulates cell division. – Stimulates differentiation of phloem and xylem – Response of bending in response to gravity and light. – Delays growth of lateral buds. – Can induce fruit setting and growth in some plants. – Delays fruit ripening. – Stimulates growth of flower parts. • Which plant was given extra gibberellin hormones? • Plant A shows extra stem elongation over plant B. Gibberellins: Make stems longer. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. • Gibberellins also… – Stimulates flowering in response to long days. – Breaks seed dormancy – Induces maleness in some flowers (sex expression). – Can cause fruit development. – Can delay dropping of leaves and citrus fruits. • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? Cytokinins: Promotes cell division. They are produced in growing areas like the tips. Root Tip Abscisic Acid: Opens and closes stomata, has role in seed dormancy. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. • Note: Stomata are small pores (openings) for gas exchange. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. • Abscisic Acid… – Inhibits shoot growth. – Induces seeds to synthesize storage proteins. – Helps to recognize and fix wounding on an injured plant. • What does the one bad apple do…? • What does the one bad apple do…? • What does the one bad apple do…? – Why? • What does the one bad apple do…? – Why? • What does the one bad apple do…? – Why? • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. • One bad apple spoils the bunch because that bad apple is releasing ethylene gas which causes the others to ripen. – Remove ripe fruit from the bunch to keep fruit longer. Ethelyene: A gas that promotes fruit ripening. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Ethylene also… – Stimulates the release of seed dormancy. – Stimulates shoot and root growth. – Stimulates leaf and fruit abscission. – Creates femaleness in flowers. – Stimulates flower opening. – Stimulates flower and leaf dying. • Which one is Absic Acid and which is cytokinins? • Which one is Absic Acid and which is cytokinins? • Which one is Absic Acid and which is cytokinins? • Which one is Absic Acid and which is cytokinins? • Which one is Absic Acid and which is cytokinins? • Which one is the plant hormone ethylene? • Which one is the plant hormone ethylene? • Which one is the plant hormone ethylene? • Which one is the plant hormone ethylene? • Which one is the plant hormone ethylene? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Which is Auxin and which is Gibberellins? • Class poll, Are plants intelligent / more complicated, and perform exciting processes that you never thought of until studying plant hormones? Yes _______ No __________ Learn more about plant hormones (Advanced) at… http://www.plant-hormones.info/ Easier at… http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/145.html • Try and figure out what picture is beneath the boxes. – Raise your hand when you know. You only get one guess.