Download study guide (chpt.2 section 1

Study Guide - Living Things
Vocabulary:
organism cell unicellular multicellular stimulus response spontaneous generation
autotroph heterotroph homeostasis classification taxonomy binomial nomenclature
classification
prokaryote
taxonomy
eukaryote nucleus
binomial nomenclature
cell
microscope
species
cell theory
Characteristics of Living Things (be able to list and answer questions covered in your notes)
Cellular Organization (multicellular and unicellular)
Chemicals of Life (Similar Chemicals)
Energy Use
Response to Surroundings (Stimulus and Response) Be able to give an example such as temp., sound,
light)
Growth and Development
Reproduction
Life Comes From Life
Living things arise from living things through reproduction. Spontaneous generation-the mistaken idea
that living things can arise from nonliving things.
Explain Redi’s Experiment to disprove spontaneous generation by using a controlled experiment to
show that flies do not arise from decaying meat.
Pasteur’s Experiment using chicken broth in flasks showed that bacteria comes from existing bacteria.
The Needs of Living Things:
Food, Water, Living Space, Stable Internal Conditions (homeostasis)
Why do Scientists Classify?
Classification-process of grouping things based on their similarities.
Taxonomy-the scientific study of how living things are classified.
Linneaus-devised a system of naming organisms. This system is called binomial nomenclature.
Genus and Species
Genus-a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms.
Species-a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also
mate and reproduce.
Ex. Felis domesticus
Levels of Classification
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (Did King Phillip Come over From Great
Spain)
Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their:
Cell Type (prokaryote/eukaryote)
How many cells (unicellular/multicellular)
Ability to make food.
Domains and Kingdoms
Domains:
Bacteria Archaea
(Prokaryotes)
Eukarya (Kingdoms-Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals)
(Eukaryotes)
Overview of Cells-Study the Guided Reading Sheet we filled out!
Cells and Structure-Organism’s structure is determined by the amazing variety of ways in which cells
are put together.
Cells and Function-An organism’s functions are the processes that enable it to stay alive and reproduce.
Name some of the functions: obtaining oxygen, getting rid of wastes, obtaining food and growing.
First Observation of Cells-made possible by the invention of the microscope.
Robert Hooke-viewed bark from the cork oak tree and saw cells for the first time. Used compound
microscope.
Leeuwenhoek- discovered bacteria from taking samples from teeth and gums, lake water and gutter
water. He used simple microscope.
Know that Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow all helped create the Cell Theory
Cell Theory: Know What it states….
All living things composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
All cells are produced from other cells.
Microscopes
Light (Simple and Compound)
and
Electron
Parts of the microscope-use handout from class.
Dichotomous Key-uses a series of questions to find the scientific name of an organism.