Download *Section 5 (152

Coordination: endocrine
system
Endocrine glands
Key words
adrenalin
basal metabolic
rate
endocrine gland
hormone
hypothalamus
Male
insulin
pituitary gland
pineal gland
pituitary gland
Endocrine glands
Endocrine glands, sometimes called
ductless glands, produce secretions
that pass directly into the blood.
● Endocrine secretions are called
hormones and change the functioning
of a distant organ in the body. So, the
hormone adrenalin, produced by the
adrenal gland, increases the heart rate.
● The organ affected by a particular
hormone is called the target organ.
●
thyroid gland
parathyroid
glands
thymus
adrenal
glands
Hormonal coordination
●
pancreas
testes
Female
Hormonal coordination is used by the
body to control many long-term
changes, e.g., growth and
development.
● The most important endocrine gland
in the body is the pituitary gland,
which secretes hormones that regulate
other endocrine glands.
Key endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid
glands
thymus
adrenal
glands
pancreas
ovaries
The adrenal glands secrete adrenalin,
which stimulates the body to produce
a “fight or flight” response to stress.
● Testes and ovaries secrete a range of
hormones to control sexual
development.
● The thyroid gland secretes a hormone
that controls the basal metabolic rate.
● The pancreas contains cells that
secrete insulin, which reduces the
level of sugar in the blood.
● Parathyroid glands produce hormones
that regulate the amount of calcium
and phosphorus in the body.
● The pineal gland secretes melatonin,
which plays a role in sleep, aging, and
reproduction.
● The thymus and the pituitary and
hypothalamus in the brain also have
endocrine functions.
● The thymus gland is also involved in
the production of T-lymphocytes,
essential components of the immune
system.
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