Download Name________________________ Concepts in Biology Exam #4

Name________________________
Concepts in Biology
Exam #4 (12-15)
Fall 2011
Mark each correct or true statement with a T and each incorrect or false statement with an F. (50)
_______1.
Bacterial plasmids are the most common vector used in recombinant DNA technology.
_______2.
A restriction enzyme is used to cut nucleic acids into specific fragments.
_______3.
DNA synthesized from an RNA molecule is referred to as recombinant DNA.
_______4.
The process used to “amplify” a small piece of DNA into many pieces is called the
polymerase chain reaction.
_______5.
A collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism’s entire genome is
called the genomic library.
_______6.
Charles Darwin was the first person to conceive the idea of evolution.
_______7.
The development of pesticide resistant insects is an example of evolution occurring
today.
_______8.
Charles Darwin actually became a famous naturalist while on the voyage of the Beagle.
_______9.
Lamarck’s mechanism of evolution was called the theory of acquired characteristics.
_______10.
The Origin of Species challenged the widely held belief of the idea of fixed species.
_______11.
Microevolution is usually documented in the fossil record and records the major
changes in the history of life.
_______12.
The potential to interbreed defines a species in the biological species concept but does
not apply to organisms that only undergo asexual reproduction.
_______13.
Hybrid breakdown, in which the hybrid is feeble, is a post-zygotic barrier.
_______14.
Reproductive barriers are most often pre-zygotic.
_______15.
Sympatric speciation is the origin of a new species without involving a geographical
barrier.
_______16.
DNA technology raises both legal and ethical questions—few of which have clear
answers.
_______17.
French naturalist George Buffon was one of the first to suggest that the Earth was only
6000 years old.
_______18.
The two models for the speed of evolution are the punctuated and the gradual.
_______19.
Mutations, random changes in the nucleotide sequence, can lead to the appearance of
new genes.
_______20.
The binomial system of nomenclature states that every organism has at least two
names, the genus name and the specific epithet or species name.
_______21.
A bacterium that is capable of causing disease is called a pathogen.
_______22.
Biogenesis refers to the concept that life could regularly arise from non-living matter.
_______23.
The endospore of some bacteria is considered a reproductive structure.
_______24.
Endotoxins are released as the bacterium grows in the infection.
_______25.
The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants from the environment is called
bioremediation.
Select the one best answer that either defines or completes the meaning of the given statement. (40)
_______1.
What feature of a DNA fragment causes it to move through a gel during
electrophoresis?
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______2.
The enzyme necessary to produce cDNA
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______3.
The size of the fragments
The double helix shape
The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
The nucleotide sequence
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Reverse transcriptase
All of the above are capable of producing a cDNA
The world’s first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was
A.
B.
C.
D.
Subunit vaccine for anthrax
Human growth hormone
Hepatitis B vaccine
Human insulin
_______4.
A radioactively tagged DNA fragment is called a
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______5.
The most commonly used organism in DNA engineering
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______6.
Individuals in a population differ in many heritable traits
Evolution is goal oriented, and leads to perfectly adapted organisms
Evolution refers to generation to generation changes in a population
Evolution leads to unequal reproductive success in a population
The change in the gene pool of a population
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______9.
Island isolation
Gene pools
Biogeography
Fossil records
All of the following are correct except
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______8.
Escherichia coli
Saccharomyces cerevisaea
Hemolphilus influenza
Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following evidence’s evolution was not seen by Darwin on the voyage of
the Beagle?
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______7.
Restriction enzyme
Nucleic acid probe
DNA vector probe
Plasmid
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Darwinian fitness
Natural selection that shifts the overall makeup of a population by selecting opposite
extremes is called
A.
B.
C.
D.
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Destabilizing selection
_______10.
Which of the following statements is true about a population in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium?
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______11.
Mass extinctions
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______12.
Clade
Genus
Population
Homologue
The oldest geologic time
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______15.
All likeness is thought to be inherited from a common ancestor
Results from analogous adaptations in different evolutionary branches
Is demonstrated best by fossil records
All of the above are correct
An ancestral species and all its descendants
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______14.
Cut the number of species to the few survivors left today
Resulted mainly from the separation of the continents
Occurred regularly, about every million years
Were followed by diversification of the survivors
Convergent evolution
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______13.
The population is quite small
The population is not evolving
Natural selection is occurring, but at a slow rate
Heritable variation is occurring
Cenozoic era
Mesozoic era
Paleozoic era
Precambrian era
Which of the following is true concerning the tempo of speciation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Punctuated equilibrium exhibits long periods where little change occurs
In punctuated equilibrium there are no transitional stages
Gradual diversification occurs in the graduated tempo model
All of the above are correct
_______16.
The binomial system of nomenclature was proposed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______17.
Which Kingdom was “lost” when the three domain system began to be used in
classification?
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______18.
The percentage of homozygous dominant individuals
The percentage of recessive alleles
The percentage of heterozygotes in the population
The percentage of recessive individuals
Of these listed, the most inclusive taxonomic level is
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______21.
Genera
Orders
Families
Phyla
In the Hardy Weinberg equation, 2pq represents
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______20.
Protista
Monera
Animalia
Fungi
Similar genera are grouped together into
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______19.
Buffon
Lamarck
Darwin
Linnaeus
genus
order
phylum
family
Which of the following does not belong to the Kingdom Protista?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Cellular slime molds
Trypanosomes
Amoebas
Ciliates like Paramecium
_______22.
The theory that tries to explain the evolution of eukaryotic cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______23.
The common shape(s) of bacteria
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______24.
Abiogenesis
Biogenesis
Endosymbiosis
Parasitism
Spirals
Coccus forms
Bacillus forms
All of the above are correct
Put the following stages of the hypothesis for the origin of life in order
1.
2.
3.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
_______25.
Abiotic synthesis of polymers
Abiotic synthesis of monomers
Self-replicating molecules
Pre-cell formation
1,2,4,3
4,3,2,1
2,1,4,3
2,1,3,4
The extreme bacteria, those that live in extreme environments, are found in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Monera
Archae
True bacteria
All of the above are correct
Required Essay: Given the following information, calculate the values of q and p; and calculate the
values of p2 and q2 and 2pq. A population has a certain recessive trait. This trait is present in 36% of the
population. Given that p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. (10)
Choose one of the following essay questions. You may do the second question as a bonus. (10)



List and discuss the two observations and the inference or conclusion drawn from them that
Darwin proposed in natural selection.
Outline the basic process of recombinant DNA technology and cite 5 practical applications of
that research.
Define and discuss the four modes of nutrition of all organisms. Give examples.