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11/29 GEO ENGAGE
Review from Group
Loop:
1- Where is the Iberian
Peninsula?
2- Apennine
Peninsula?
3- What countries
make up the United
Kingdom?
4- What is the
Timberline?
New:
5- What kind of food
do you think this is?
Where do you think
you would find it?
CHECK IT OUT
• Iceland
• Rotting
poisonous
shark
corpses.
• Poison is
drained and
meat is
hung until
dried. Smells
like
ammonia
and tastes
extremely
fishy.
EUROPE/RUSSIA (EURUSSIA)
Culture
and
History
THE CULTURE OF EUROPE
• European diversity
• Influenced by long history
of:
• migration, cultural diffusion,
conflict, & changing borders
• Many Ethnic groups
EARLIEST BIG CIVILIZATIONS
• Ancient Greece & Rome – two
major civilizations in the
Mediterranean
• CULTURAL HEARTHS***?
LET'S START WITH GREECE!
• Greece
• Peak of power in 400s-300s
BCE
• Mountainous landscape
helped divide city-states
• (separate communities that
were independent from one
another)
EARLIEST BIG CIVILIZATIONS: GREECE
• City-states (Athens & Sparta) linked by language &
culture
• Initially hated each other then ALLIES against the Persian
Empire
• Athens – introduced the idea of democracy***?
• Academics/philosophy
• Sparta – militaristic oligarchy***?
• Train boys to be soldiers (start age 7)
• But drama begins...
EARLIEST BIG CIVILIZATIONS
• Athens spread rapidly
• started to demand resources from
surrounding civilizations.
• Sparta teams up with other
city-states (including Persian
Empire... what the heck!) and
defeats Athens.
• Sparta later declines bc of many
wars/conflicts
• Significant impacts of both:
• Greek art, literature, drama,
philosophy, math, & medicine
GEO ENGAGE: 11/30 SPARTA:
WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS IS? HOW
WAS IT USED/WHAT IS ITS PURPOSE?
EARLIEST CIVILIZATIONS: ROME
• Roman Empire:
• In Italy – starts around 500 BC
•
•
•
•
•
Vast empire (capital city of Rome)
Power peak = 27 BC-180 AD
Influenced by Greeks (I.e.- culture... art/literature)
Developed gov't (republic***), law, engineering, etc.
The Romans built roads, bridges, & aqueducts – channels
used to carry water
FALL OF ROME
• Conflicts/wars weakened
the empire despite winning
most of these wars.
• Eventually overrun by
barbarians from the
surrounding smaller empires
• Lost most of territory
ROMAN COLOSSEUM:
THEN AND NOW
What do you think it was
used for?
Events...
GLADIATORS!
EXIT TICKET- SOMETHING TO
THINK ABOUT
• We have talked about the rise and fall of Athens, Sparta,
Rome and other empires/civilizations in previous units.
• Many of these places lasted nearly 500 years (nearly
double the length of the USA so far).
1- Some of these places lost power due to constant
wars/conflicts slowly weakening them. List 2 other ways
(examples) that civilizations/empires/countries could start
to decline in power.
2- Do you think this will happen to the USA? Why or why
not... explain in detail? (3 sentence minimum)
3- How can we prevent, or continue to prevent, it from
happening? (3 step solution- explain in detail)
GREECE > ROME > MIDDLE AGES >
CRUSADES > RENAISSANCE
• Create a timeline that includes the following
famous historic time periods (give the years that
the period existed and summarize/give impacts
of each time period in 3 or more sentences):
1- Middle Ages
• Include the definition of Feudalism in your summary.
2- The Crusades
3- The Renaissance
4- The Reformation
• On the back of the timeline, create a
Renaissance Ninja Turtles mini-poster
• Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael,
Donatello
• Poster checklist includes:
1- picture of the actual artist next to a portrait of
his coinciding ninja turtle.
2- a 2-bullet point summary of the artist
3- list the name of an example of one of their famous art
pieces
THE MIDDLE AGES
• Middle Ages – period between ancient and
modern times
• Feudalism – a system in which monarchs or lords
gave land to nobles in return for pledge of loyalty –
replaced centralized government
THE CRUSADES
• The Crusades – Began in the 1000s
• Controlled by Muslims during the Middle Ages
• Crusades – series of brutal religious wars to win back the
Holy Land (Israel and Palestine), the birthplace of
Christianity, from Muslim rule
• Europeans failed to ever permanently gain control of the
Christian holy land
RENAISSANCE
• The 1300’s
• Renaissance – a 300 year long period of discovery,
learning, revival of art & literature which brought
great advancements in European technologies
• Led to innovations in science – invention of the movable
typewriter which increased the production of books and
pamphlets
• The Reformation – began due to the accessibility to
religious texts, religious movement which lead to the
creation of Christian Protestantism
THE ENLIGHTENMENT
• Late 1600’s & Early 1700’s
• The Enlightenment – a period when educated
Europeans began to question long-standing
traditions and values.
• This period let to revolutionary movements politically
and economically which helped shape Europe in to
what it is today.
CONFLICT, DIVISION, & WARS
• Communism – a philosophy that called for a society
based on economic equality in which the workers
would control the factories and industrial
production
• WWI – began among European powers for colonies
and economic power (1914-1918)
• Monarchies eventually fell in Germany, Austria-Hungary,
and Russia
• The Versailles Peace treaty – found Germany guilty for
starting the war
• Germany had to make reparations – payment for damages
from the war
CONFLICT, DIVISION, & WAR
• WWII
• World-wide economic depression following WWI enabled
dictators such as Benito Mussolini (Italy) and Adolf Hitler
(Germany) to take control
• WWII broke out in 1939, ended 1945; started by the dictators’
need for control; Germany continued to invade nearby
countries
• Holocaust – one of the major horrors of the war; mass killing of
over 6 million European Jews by German Nazis
• Cold war
• A power struggle between the communist world (led by the
Soviet Union) and the noncommunist world (led by the USA)
• Divided Germany into east & west (east-communist; west –
democratic)
THE EUROPEAN UNION
• European Union (EU) – an organization whose goal
was a united Europe in which goods, services, and
workers could move freely among member
countries
• During the 1950’s, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxemburg, the
Netherlands, and West Germany banded together
politically and economically
• Eventually led to the EU’s creation in the 1990’s
• 1992 – the Maastricht treaty: set goals for a central bank &
common currency
• 1999- the euro (common currency among countries)
• EU is currently comprised of 15 European countries
CULTURE
• Language
• About 50 different languages
• Over 100 different dialects
• Religion
• Primarily Christian
• Some Muslim
• The Arts
• Romanticism – focused on emotions, stirring historical events,
and the exotic
• Realism – an artistic style that focused on accurately depicting
details of everyday life
• Impressionism – the capturing of immediate experiences or
“impressions” of the natural world