Download Ventilation!

Ventilation!
What are the two main functions of the respiratory system?
1. ____________
2. ____________
• Today’s topic is PULMONARY ____________ (a.k.a. ___________!) So, what is breathing?
• _____________ of ____ from outside the body into and out of the ________ ______and _________.
1. Inspiration (__________)‐ air flowing ____ lungs
2. __________ (exhalation) – air __________ lungs
Bellwork (well after the bell…)
1) Particles move from areas of concentration to areas of concentration.
2) What is air pressure or atmospheric pressure?
3) What causes hiccups?
4) What is the purpose of yawning?
The FORCE behind breathing
• ____________ ____________!
• Rules of thumb: – _________ changes lead to _________ changes
– Volume (V) and pressure (P) are ___________ related
• As volume _________, pressure _________
• As volume _________, pressure _________
– Gases flow from areas of ____ pressure to areas of ____ pressure
Steps of Inspiration
1. __________ and ___________ muscles contract
2. Thoracic cavity size __________
3. Volume of lungs __________
4. Pressure within lungs __________
5. Air _______ lungs
Steps of Expiration
1. ___________ muscles ________.
2. Volume of thoracic cavity and lungs ___________.
3. Pressure in lungs __________.
4. Gases flow ______ of lungs
Compare and Contrast
Inspiration
Intercostal
Diaphragm
Thorax
volume
Air pressure
Result
Expiration
Misc. ventilation air movements (Thanks to reflexes!)
________: clear _______ respiratory passages
________: clear _______ respiratory passages
Crying: emotional response
Laughing: emotional response
Hiccups: spasms of _________ causes air to strike vocal cords. What’s the function of hiccups? ____
• ______: ventilates all ________ in response to ______ blood _______ concentration
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Respiratory Air Volumes and Capacities • Factors affecting lung capacity
– ______
– Sex
– ______
– Physical Condition
– _______ _______
Respiratory Volumes
• Respiratory volumes: _____ different volumes of air that move in or out of the lungs based on __________ ___________.
• Respiratory cycle: __ inspiration plus the following ____________.
How much air do you think moves in and out of your lungs when you breathe normally?
Respiratory Volume and Capacities
1. _______ Volume
– Amount of air moved in and out during _______ breathing (___ cycle) = ____ ml or a ____
2. ____________ Reserve Volume
– Amount of air that can be taken in with ______ (deep breath)= ______ ml
Respiratory Volume and Capacities
3. __________ Reserve Volume
– Amount of air that can be ________ ________ after a tidal expiration or in addition to the tidal expiration = _____ ml
4. _________ Volume
– Air that __________ be voluntary expelled and _________ ____ __________to keep gas exchange continuous (_____ ml)
TRY TO BREATHE ALL THE AIR OUT OF YOUR LUNGS!
4. __________ __________
– Definition:
Pulmonary Ventilation:
Respiratory Volume and Capacities
1. ______ Capacity (VC)
– Maximum amount of air a person can ______ after taking the ________ breath possible (4800 ml)
– Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve + expiratory reserve
– VC = ___ + ____ + ____
2. Total lung capacity
‐
_____+ _____
Alveolar Gas Exchange
Bellwork (round 2!)
1. What is air made of?
2. Gases move from (high/low) pressure to (high/low) pressure.
3. Describe what simple squamous cells look like.
4. What is respiration?
Respiratory Membrane: Structure
• ___________: process of gas _________ between the ___________ and the ______
• Wall of the ________ are made of ________ __________ cells
• Respiratory __________: squamous ________ cells ___ cell layers thick that ________ air in the _______ from ______ in the capillary
– Contains basement membranes and _________
Respiratory Membrane: Function
• What is the function of the respiratory membrane?
– Hint: What is respiration?
• Gases move from pressure to pressure.
• The _________ of a gas determines its _____ of _________
Atmospheric/Alveolar Partial Pressure
• So what gases do we breathe?
– ___% Nitrogen
– ___% Oxygen
– ___% Carbon Dioxide
• Atmospheric pressure is ____ mm Hg
• Each gas in the _________/________ has a ________ __________
– PO2 = 760 mm Hg * .21
– PCO2 = _____
Partial Pressure in Blood
• When gases are __________ in ________, the ____________ (or amount) of each gas is proportional to the _________ _________
• PO2 = 40 mm Hg
• PCO2 = 45 mm Hg
P CO2
Partial Pressure in Alveoli (atmosphere)
Partial Pressure in capillaries (Blood)
P O2
Given the differences in pressure which direction will each gas move?
• ____ moves into the _________
• ___ moves into the _________
• The blood that is delivered to the tissues has these partial pressures: CO2 = _____ mm Hg, O2 = ____ mm Hg
Steps of RESPIRATION (gas exchange between atmosphere and cells)
I. ____________
II. Gas exchange between blood and air in the alveoli Î ____________________
III. Gas transport in blood between _______ and _______ _______
IV. Gas exchange between blood and body cells Î ____________________
Review from Friday (These are really important points!)
REALLY IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT GAS EXCHANGE:
1. Describe the structure of the respiratory membrane.
2. How does this structure allow it to perform its function?
3. Oxygen diffuses from the to the . Review from Friday (These are really important points!)
REALLY IMPORTANT POINTS ABOUT GAS EXCHANGE:
4. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the _______
to the .
5. What force moves oxygen and carbon dioxide across the respiratory membrane?
6. The large ________ _____ of alveoli increases the rate diffusion across the respiratory membrane.
A. OXYGEN
III. ___ transport in blood between lungs and body cells 1) Once O2 crosses the respiratory membrane in the _____, it binds to an iron‐containing protein in red blood cells called ____________
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“____” = iron
______ = type of protein
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http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/08/
01/health/adam/19510Hemoglobin.html
A. OXYGEN
III. ___ transport in blood from lungs to body cells 2) Bound to __________, blood delivers O2 to body cells
A. OXYGEN
IV. O2 exchange between blood and body cells
1) As ____‐ carrying blood moves ____ the _____ (PO2 = 95 mm Hg), the surrounding _________‐________ tissues have a very low _____ (40 mmHg) 2) O2 diffuses from (blood/tissues) to (blood/tissues).
3) After O2 diffuses, PO2 in blood _________ to the lungs is ___ mmHg
B. CO2
IV. CO2 exchange between body cells and blood
1) The PCO2 in ________ is 45 mm Hg while the PCO2 in _______ is 40 mm Hg
2) Therefore, CO2 diffuses from (tissues/blood) into (tissues/blood)
3) The blood returning to the lungs has a PCO2
of 45 mmHg
B. CO2
III. CO2 transport from body cells to lungs • _____ is transported in _____ as
1) ______ dissolved in the ______
2) Bound to ____________
3) As bicarbonate (HCO3‐) ion
• Wait, isn’t O2 bound to hemoglobin? How can hemoglobin bind both molecules?
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• Difference in _____ at lungs allows ____ to diffuse from ______ to ______