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The Riqq The riqq (also called daff) is a small tambourine (approx. 8.5 inches in diameter & 2.5 inches deep) traditionally covered with goat or fish skin and equipped with five double rows of brass cymbals (approx. 2 inches in diameter). In the late 1980s, a mylar-headed, aluminum (or wooden) bodied instrument was introduced and was adopted by a number of professional riqq players. The riqq is especially valued for the variety of sounds it can produce and appreciated for the subtle yet virtuosic manner in which it is performed. In the first half of the 20th century it was common for the riqq to be the sole percussion instrument in art-music ensembles. In the second half of the 20th century, with the addition of the tablah and other percussion instruments to these ensembles, riqq players adopted a technique that emphasizes the cymbal over the membrane sounds. The Bendir Moroccan bendir with snares The bendir (Arabic: ; also called erbeni or arbani) is a frame drum used as a traditional instrument throughout North Africa, more specifically in Morocco.[1] Unlike the tambourine, it has no jingles but most often has a snare (usually made of gut) stretched across its head, which when the drum is struck with the fingers or palm gives the tone a buzzing quality. The bendir is a frame drum with a wooden frame and a membrane. It creates different tones according to the spreading of the shockwaves moving across the skins itself. A frame drum is the oldest and most common kind of drum. The bendir is used throughout North Africa, Ancient Egypt, and Mesopotamia, more specifically in Morocco. The bendir drum has been around since prehistoric times. The bendir is about 14 to 16 inches. The drum is played kept vertical by inserting the thumb of the left hand in a special holes in the frame. The bandir or bendir is used in the special ceremonies of the Sufi. The Sufi tradition is strongly characterized by the use of music, rhythm, and dance to reach particular states of consciousness. The bendir has a small hole in the bottom, which is used to balance the drum at the base of the left thumb as the left hand fingers that the rim and the right hand plays the rim and center. During the tradition another drum the accompanies the Bendir which is small and close ended called the bongos. Bongos produce a very high pitch. They are made of clay or glazed pottery and are laced together with a leather strap. The Qanun The qanun (also spelled kanun, kanoon) is a 75stringed zither used in Near Eastern Music. The sound box is trapezoidal in shape; it somewhat resembles the autoharp, but is larger. It's played with small picks attached to the forefingers of either hand. A long bridge on the right-hand side of the instrument rests on goat or fish-skin covered windows in the top of the instrument; on the left hand side, each course of strings passes over a series of small brass levers that are used to make microtonal changes in pitch. The word qanun means "law," and the word exists in English in the form of "canon." In Near Eastern music, the instrument lays down the law of pitch for other instruments and singers; the qanun player is often the leader of the orchestra. The Mijwiz From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search The mijwiz (Arabic: ) is a traditional musical instrument of ancient Egypt and the Levant. Its name in Arabic means "dual," or "married" because of its consisting of two, short, bamboo reed pipes put together, making the mijwiz a double-pipe, single-reed woodwind instrument. The mijwiz consists of two pipes of equal length, between 6 and 8 centimeters; each pipe has around five or six small holes for fingering. It requires a special technique of playing known as "circular breathing," and can only be done by trained musicians. The mijwiz is played in Egypt and the Levant as an accompaniment to either belly dancing or dabke, the folkloric line dance of the Levant. Although Egyptian in origin, the mijwiz is most popular today in the Levant (Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria). Many popular folk songs either include the mijwiz on recordings, or include the instrument's name in the song's lyrics. One example is the famous Lebanese dabke song Jeeb el Mijwiz ya Abboud (Arabic: ) by the singer Sabah. The Mizmar In Egypt, Mizmars are used primarily for weddings and for belly dance. The mizmar is a member of the oboe family of wind reed musical instruments and produces a loud, blaring sound. Mizmar performers in High Egypt, popularly named Zoummarin, play in a trio. The shaft and bell of each mizmar is carved from a solid piece of wood.. Each mizmar has 7 finger holes on front & 1 on back. The mouth piece is carved separately and is a reeded instrument. It comes in three different sizes, small, medium, and large: 1. Small mizmar is 10.25" long with a 2.25" diameter bell; the shaft has an outside diameter of 0.75" 2. Middle mizmar is 12.5" long, with a 2 5/8" diameter bell; the shaft has an outside diameter of 7/8". 3. Large mizmar is 14.25" long with a 3" diameter bell; the shaft has an outside diameter of 1" The Nay The nay (Farsi for 'reed') is an open-ended, obliquely end blown flute made of cane. They nay was known in the Near East since antiquity. The nay is nine-jointed, and usually has 6 holes in the front for the fingers to play and 1 hole underneath for the thumb. It is played with the pads of the fingers. Nays come in different lengths, each one being tuned to a specific pitch and named after the note produced with the 1st fingerhole open (D4 for the nây used in the demonstration. Lowest note: C4). The nay is blown using a unique lip technique called bilabial blowing, with both upper and lower lip used to partially close the end of the bevelled tube. The 2nd and 3rd registers are overblown a fifth and an octave higher than the 1st register respectively. Some of the tone-holes are assigned to certain microtonal steps, although microtonal variations can also be achieved by partially opening a tone-hole, changing the blowing angle or a combination of the two. Fine, mellow tones are brought forth by blowing gently over the orifice of the tube while manipulating the fingers and thumbs; by blowing with more or less force, sounds are produced an octave higher or lower, and tunes in different scales can be played by utilizing nays of various lengths. The nay has a wide range of over two octaves. Although very simple, the nay is one of the most difficult Arabic instruments to play. A fine player can produce a large variety of liquid sounds and ornaments; it is an extremely soulful instrument. Its poetical timbre makes it especially suitable for melancholy effects expressing both joy and yearning. It is the only wind instrument used in Arab art music, widely appreciated for its warm, breathy sound and its subtle tonal and dynamic inflections. The oud (or ud) is one of the most popular instruments in Middle Eastern music. Its name derives from the Arabic for 'wood', and this refers to the strips of wood used to make its rounded body. In Greece it is known as the outi and in Iran as the barbat. The neck of the oud, which is short in comparison to the body, has no frets and this contributes to its unique sound. The most common string combination is five pairs of strings tuned in unison and a single bass string, although up to thirteen strings may be found. Strings are generally made of nylon or gut, and are plucked with a plectrum known as a risha or mizrap. Another distinctive feature of the oud is its head, with the tuning pegs bent back at an angle to the neck. The oud used in the Arab world is slightly different to that found in Turkey, Armenia and Greece. Different tunings are used and the Turkish-style oud has a brighter tone than its Arab counterpart. The European lute is a descendant of the oud, from which it takes its name (al-oud) http://www.oud.eclipse.co.uk/ http://www.rainbowcrystal.com/music/music6.html The Rababah Rababah is probably the most important folk instrument in Levant and Iraq. Played with a horsehair bow. Rababah has a quadralateral sound box covered with skin and a single string made from horsehair.Sound box is made from a coconut shell.(also refered to as spike fiddle)In the 19th century was replaced by the western violin. Rababah in the world music category is chordophone. Rabab in medieval times was also a generic term for any bowed instrument. The rababah is capable of dynamic accents and ornamentation. It is the essential melody of nomadic Bedouin. Customarily played by the Sha’ir (poet-singer) to accompany heroic or love songs.