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Music in Estonia THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN MUSIC TRADITION AND SONG FESTIVALS The art music tradition in Estonia is primarily a 20th century phenomenon. Our national music traditions started with the first song festival in 1869 during the period of the Estonian national awakening. At this festival the choirs sang “My Native Land, My Joy, My Delight” for the first time. The song became later the national anthem of Estonia. The festival has grown within the years. During the 1930ies the tradition of dance festival was started and the first Youth Song and Dance Festival took place in 1962. Today all-Estonian song festivals are held every five years on The Tallinn Song Festival Grounds. The next festival takes place in 2014. (There are also Gaudeamus (for students of the three Baltic states); Finnish-Estonian song and dance festivals; men’s dance festivals and in 2008 a Punk Song Festival was held in Rakvere.) IMPORTANT COMPOSERS There have been many composers who have developed our musical tradition. The first pre-eminent composer was RUDOLF TOBIAS (1873-1918) who founded Estonian instrumental music. He is depicted on our 50-kroon banknote. MART SAAR (1882-1963) and CYRILLUS [ki-] KREEK (1889-1962) collected folk music and used its elements in their work. HEINO ELLER (1887-1970) wrote symphonic music and was a great composition teacher who trained a generation of new composers, including Arvo Pärt. ARVO PÄRT Arvo Pärt (1935) is the best-known Estonian composer throughout the world. He spent his childhood in Rakvere, worked as a recording engineer with Estonian Radio and later as a free-lance composer. At the beginning of 1980ies he emigrated to Austria, then moved to (West) Berlin where he still lives. He has created his own unique style called tintinnabuli, which means “little bells”. The music is characterised by simple harmonies, often single unadorned notes. Also, the works are rhythmically simple and do not change tempo. His famous works include: Fratres, Summa, De Profundis, Symphony No.3, Für Alina and many others. His music has been used in more than 50 films (e.g Fahrenheit 9/11, There Will Be Blood), in documentaries and TV programmes. He was commissioned to write music for the festivities of the 750th anniversary of the Cologne Cathedral (Kanon Pokajanen) and he wrote music for the funeral of the Estonian president Lennart Meri (For Lennart). He has received several awards, including „Contemporary Music Award“ in 2003 and in 2008 one of the most recognized award of classical music – the Sonning Award. Other notable contemporary composers include Erkki-Sven Tüür (1959), Helena Tulve (1972) and many others. MUSIC FESTIVALS IN ESTONIA There are several music festivals held annually in Estonia. There are Jazzkaar, International Contemporary Music Festival NYYD, Birgitta Festival, David Oistrakh Festival in Pärnu etc. Other music festivals include Rabarock in Järvakandi, Võru Folklore Festival, … In VILJANDI and in its surroundings there are three important festivals. Suure-Jaani Music Days take place in June, to celebrate the musical works of Kapp-family and Mart Saar. Viljandi Early Music Festival is held in the first half of July, it is the oldest early music festival in Estonia. The biggest festival is Viljandi Folk Music Festival, which takes place at the end of July. It attracts around 20,000 visitors during the four days and is cherished for its quality music and relaxed atmosphere. The venues for classical music in Viljandi are St John’s and St Paul’s Church and halls in Cultural House and in Estonian Traditional Music Centre. Vocabulary: National awakening “My Native Land, My Joy, My Delight” Youth Song and Dance Festival The Tallinn Song Festival Grounds Folk music [fəuk] Contemporary music Early Music Festival Cultural House Estonian Traditional Music Centre Rahvuslik ärkamine „Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm“ Noorte Laulu- ja tantsupidu Tallinna Lauluväljak rahvamuusika Kaasaegne muusika Vanamuusika Festival Kultuurimaja Pärimusmuusika Keskus