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10/4/16 The System Unit The System Unit § Describe the six basic types of system units. § Discuss how a computer can represent numbers and encode characters electronically. § Describe each of the major system unit components. § Discuss microprocessors, including microprocessor chips and specialty processors. § Discuss memory including RAM, ROM, and flash memory. 6-2 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power The System Unit § § § § § § of microcomputers. § Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to make good buying decisions and to determine if your current system will run new applications. § Competent end users need to understand the basic principles of how microcomputers are put together. Desktop System Units Media Center System Units Notebook System Units Netbook System Units Tablet PC System Units Handheld Computer System Units 6-3 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-4 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § System Chassis § System board § Data and instructions are represented electronically § Two-state system or Binary System § Motherboard § § § § § The System Unit Microprocessor Memory Socket Bus lines Expansion slots § Off/on electrical states § Characters represented by 0’s (off) and 1’s (on) § Bits § Bytes 6-5 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-6 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 10/4/16 The System Unit § Binary coding schemes The System Unit § § § § § § ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Exchange § EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code § Unicode - handles languages with large numbers of characters Main board or motherboard Controls communications Components connect to the system board Data path Traffic monitor 6-7 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-8 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Sockets The System Unit § Slots § Provide a connection point for specialized cards or circuit boards § Connection point for chips § Bus lines § Chips § Provide pathways that support communication among the various electronic components § Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon § Silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit § Mounted on carrier packages 6-9 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-10 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Central Processing Unit (CPU) The System Unit § Chip capacities expressed in word size § Word § Contained on the microprocessor chip § Brains of the computer § Two Basic Components § The number of bits that can be processed at one time § Control unit • Program instructions • Directs flow between memory and Arithmetic-Logic Unit • Directs flow between CPU and I/O devices § Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) § 64-bit standard § Clock Speed § Processing speed § The number of times the CPU fetches and processes data or instructions in a second • Arithmetic operation (Key Term) • Logical operation (Key Term) 6-11 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-12 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 10/4/16 The System Unit The System Unit § Coprocessors § Multi-Core Chip § Designed to improve specific computing operations § Graphics coprocessors / Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) § Two separate and independent CPUs § Parallel Processing § Windows 7 and Mac OS X § Smart cards § Credit card with an embedded chip § Specialty processors in cars § RFID tags § Information chips § Embedded in merchandise to track their location 6-13 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-14 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit The System Unit § Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold § Holding area for data, instructions, and programs and data that are currently being accessed information § Chips connected to the system board § RAM § Volatile § Cache memory or RAM cache § Additional RAM can be added using an expansion module called a DIMM § Random Access Memory § Other types of RAM § ROM § § § § § Read Only Memory § Flash DRAM SDRAM DDR Direct RDRAM Return 6-15 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-16 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Read-only memory (ROM) The System Unit § Flash memory offers a combination of the features of RAM and ROM § Information stored by the manufacturer § Like RAM, it can be updated § Like ROM, it is non-volatile § Contains startup information § Non-volatile and cannot be changed § CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM § Contain special instructions § Amount of RAM § Start the computer § Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage devices connected § Access memory § Handle keyboard input Return Return 6-17 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-18 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 10/4/16 The System Unit § For adding devices § Plug and play § ExpressCard slots The System Unit § § § § § § PCMCIA slots § Notebooks and handheld devices Advanced graphics cards Sound cards Network interface cards (NIC) Wireless network cards TV tuner cards 6-19 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-20 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Allows you to view your favorite TV shows while The System Unit § § § § running other applications such as Excel § Video can be captured to a file, added to a Web page, attached to an email, or added to a presentation § Inexpensive and easy to install Also known as a bus Connect parts of the CPU to each other Pathway for bits Bus width § Number of bits that can travel at once § Two basic categories § System buses § Expansion buses 6-21 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-22 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 The System Unit § Connects the CPU to other components on the The System Unit § Socket for connecting external devices § Ports can connect directly to the system board system board, including expansion slots § Universal Serial Bus (USB) or they can connect to cards that are inserted into slots on the system board § Three Types § Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus § FireWire § Audio and video equipment § Standard Ports § PCI Express (PCIe) § Specialized Ports § Legacy Ports § Single dedicated path for each connected device 6-23 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-24 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 10/4/16 The System Unit § VGA and DVI The System Unit § Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format (S/PDIF) § Analog and digital monitors § USB § Optical audio connections § High end audio and home theatre § Keyboards, mice, printers, storage devices § High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) § FireWire § High definition video and audio § Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) § High speed § Ethernet § Connect musical instruments § High speed networking Return Return 6-25 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computing Essentials 2013 6-26 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The System Unit § Old types of ports mostly replaced by faster, The System Unit § Used to connect external devices to the system more flexible ports such as USB unit via the ports § One end of the cable is attached to the device and the other end has a connector that is attached to a matching connector on the port § Serial § Parallel § Keyboard and mouse § Infrared Data Association (IrDA) § Game Return 6-27 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-28 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The System Unit The System Unit § Computer technicians repair and install § Computers require direct current (DC) § DC power provided by converting alternating current computer components and systems § Employers look for: (AC) from wall outlets or batteries § Certification § Communication skills § Desktop computers use power supply units § Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters § Continued education is required § Computer technicians can expect to earn an hourly wage of $13.50 to $22.50 6-29 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6-30 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 10/4/16 The System Unit § § § § Wearable computers Send and receive email while jogging Maintain your personal schedule book Remember the names of people at a party 6-31 Computing Essentials 2013 © 2013 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6