Download The Body`s Physical Systems

The Body’s Physical Systems
Psych 1216 - Health Psych
The Neuron
Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Neurotransmitter
molecule
Receptor site on
receiving neuron
Receiving cell
membrane
Agonist mimics
Neurotransmitter
effects
Antagonist
blocks
Neurotransmitter
effects
CNS: Forebrain
Corpus callosum

Telencephalon



Limbic System
Cerebrum
Diencephalon

Thalamus &
Hypothalamus
The Limbic System
Brain
stem
The Cerebral Cortex
The Nervous System
Nervous
system
Central
(brain and
spinal cord)
Peripheral
Autonomic (controls
self-regulated action of
internal organs and glands)
Skeletal (controls
voluntary movements of
skeletal muscles)
Sympathetic
(arousing)
Parasympathetic
(calming)
Sympathetic
Nervous
System
Parasympathetic
Nervous
System
The Endocrine System
The
Digestive
System
The Digestive System Disorders

Peptic Ulcers


sores usually in the duodenum
Hepatitis

Viral inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
 Cancer

Metabolism
Basal Metabolic Rate
 Exercise Metabolic Rate
 Dietary Thermogenesis

The Respiratory System

Mechanical action: moving air in and out of
the lungs

Gas Exchange: respiration - in the alveoli, CO2
(toxic gas) is eliminated and O2 enters the blood
stream

Protective mechanisms: sneezing, cough,
mucous production

Impaired function: Asthma, pneumonia,
bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
The Cardiovascular System
Blood transport of nutrients and waste removal from
tissues. Chemicals and hormone distribution.

The Heart: A four chamber muscle pump nourished by the
coronary arteries

Blood pressure: Systolic=120 mmHg, Diastolic=80 mmHg.
Varies depending on demand and vascular conditions.

Blood composition: red and white cells, platelets and
plasma

Cardiovascular disorders: mostly related to blood vessel
damage and blood flow abnormalities resulting in tissue
damage)
The Cardiovascular System

Heart

Myocardium


Atria and Ventricles
Blood Flow
http://www.innerbody.com/image/card02.html
Blood Pressure

Systole & Diastole


Systolic: max force from  contraction
Diastolic: pressure between 
contractions

Fluid Dynamics





Cardiac output
Blood volume
Peripheral resistance
Elasticity of vessels
Viscosity of blood
Blood Pressure

Other factors that affect BP




Emotions: SNS
Environmental Temperature
Activity levels
Hypertension


>140 mmHg systolic, >90 mmHg diastolic
Risk factors





family Hx
body weight
age
gender
race
Diseases of the
Cardiovascular System
Myocardial Infarction
 Angina Pectoris
 Stroke

Immune System

Organs of the immune system

lymphocytes: white blood cells

from lymphatic or lymphoid organs:





bone marrow
thymus
lymph nodes
spleen
lymph nodes capture antigens and hold
lymphocytes
 lymph vessels ultimately empty into blood supply
 can spread cancer cells

spleen filters blood
Soldiers of the Immune System


White blood cells

phagocytes: nonspecific immunity
 macrophages and monocytes

lymphocytes: respond to specific antigens
T-cells: cell-mediated immunity




Killer T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells
Soldiers of the Immune System

B-cells: antibody-mediated immunity


B-cells produce plasma cells which produce
antibodies (immunoglobulins - Ig)
 Ig’s attach to antigen and identify it for
destruction
Memory B-cells
The Immune Response
 First lines of defense
 skin
 mucous membranes of respiratory and
digestive tracts
 Next: non-specific and specific
immune processes

phagocytes, B-cells, helper T-cells
Finally: killer T-cells destroy invaded
cells
Auto-immune Diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis: joints
 Rheumatic fever: heart muscle
 Multiple Sclerosis: myelin
 Lupus erythematosus: skin and kidneys
 Multiple Sclerosis: myelin on axons
