Download In this unit, we have been exploring homeostasis, t

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My presentation is about the: ______________________ system
The due date of my presentation is: _____________________
Name: _____________________________
Teacher: ________________ Hour: ______
In this unit, we have been exploring homeostasis, the regulation and maintenance of internal conditions.
This phenomenon happens in all systems of the body, and is key to the survival of all living things. In this
activity, we will explore how human organ systems help to maintain homeostasis by looking at specific
examples of changes in their internal conditions.
This packet includes:
 Presentation Guidelines (what should be on each slide)
 An example „Organ Systems Note Sheet‟ on the Digestive System
 Blank „Organ Systems Note Sheets‟ for each system to be presented.
Your goals for this activity will be:
 Describe the interaction between organ systems in terms of homeostasis. (28.2)
 Describe the effects of disruption of homeostasis. (28.3)
 Construct a powerpoint presentation of a body system of their choice.
 Present information in a coherent and informative manner.
 Listen to, collect, and apply information taken from a powerpoint presentation.
Information to be conveyed in the PowerPoint:
 Must address all questions on the Organ Systems „Notes Sheet‟ – SEE RUBRIC!
 Must use (at minimum) information from the book
 Must be presented in front of the class
Expectations:
 Each student will:
 Be assigned equal portions of the workload (you will be individually graded on your contribution to the
PowerPoint)
 Be required to speak during part of the presentation
 Be responsible for taking notes on other groups presentations/organ systems.
 BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE FOR THE KEY INFORMATION ON THE QUIZ.
Absences:
 If you are absent on the day of your group‟s presentation, you will still need to present! You will be required
to give your group‟s presentation (in its entirety), to your teacher (during a study hall or before/after school).
Presentation Due Dates:
 Nervous, Endocrine, Respiratory
 January 3B/4A
 Circulatory, Immune, Excretory
 January 5B/6A
 Skeletal, Muscular, Integumentary
 January 9B/10A
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Presentation Guidelines:
Below is a list of things that you are required to include in your presentation.
Slide 1: Title Page
 The name of the organ system
 The definition of the organ system's function
Slide 2: Main Organs
(Do not include the 'functional unit' as one of the main organs. See slide 5 below for functional units)




Title that describes what the slide is about
List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues (at least 2 required)
A visual that relates to the information on the page
Citation for visual is included and listed beneath visual on slide
Slide 3: Example of Main Organ (choose one from the list on slide two)
 Title that describes what the slide is about
 List of important jobs, functions, details, or important information about that particular organ/structure/tissue
(at least 2 required)
 A visual that relates to the information on the page
 Citation for visual is included and listed beneath visual on slide
Slide 4: Example of Main Organ (choose one from the list on slide two)
 Title that describes what the slide is about
 List of important jobs, functions, details, or important information about that particular organ/structure/tissue
(at least 2 required)
 A visual that relates to the information on the page
 Citation for visual is included and listed beneath visual on slide
Slide 5: Smallest Functional Unit
(A functional unit is the smallest subsystem of an organ or organ system, and is the central component of its functionality)




Title that describes what the slide is about
List of important jobs, functions, details, or important information about that particular organ/structure/tissue
(at least 2 required)
A visual that relates to the information on the page
Citation for visual is included and listed beneath visual on slide
Slide 6: Maintaining Homeostasis
 Title that describes what the slide is about
 One to two sentences that describe how the organ system helps to maintain homeostasis
Slide 7: Departure from Homeostasis
 Title that describes what the slide is about
 Includes the subtitle "Causes"
 Includes at least 1 cause
 Includes the subtitle "Symptoms"
 Includes at least 2 symptoms
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Digestive System:
p977-984

Definition:
o A collection of organs that ______________ ___________ ________ into energy that can be used
in cells.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ___________
o ____________
o Esophagus
o Gall Bladder
o Liver
o Pancreas

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o __________________:
 A muscular sac that mechanically processes food into __________________.
 Produces ________________ _______________ that contains pepsin and HCl
 Begins the chemical digestion of ____________________.
 Produces a protective layer of mucus, so it does not digest itself.
o ________________ ________________:
 The ________________, liver, and gall bladder excrete into the small intestine.
 A long, narrow tube in which most digestion takes place.
 All _________________________ occurs here.
 The inside is lined with ________________.

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________________:
 Small finger-like projections, covered with epithelial cells, which ________________
nutrients.
 Increases the ________________ ________________of the inside of the small intestine.
 High ________________ ________________increases efficiency of absorption.
 _________________________ inside transfer the digested nutrients to the blood.

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Provides all body cells with the ___________________ ________________they need in order to
survive.

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ________________ ________________:
 Causes:
 Cells require ________________ to take in sugars for energy.
 ________________ cells are attacked by the immune system.
 Symptoms:
 Insulin production ________________.
 Sugars are excreted with the urine, and water follows.
 The body breaks down fat for energy and the blood becomes ________________.
 Changes in ________________ and ________________ ________________kills
cells all over the body.
o ______________
o Large Intestine
o Rectum/Anus
The Nervous System:
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p874-879, 885-894

Definition:
o A physically connected network of cells, tissues, and organs that controls ___________________,
____________________, and simpler life processes.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ________________
o ________________

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ________________:
 The ________________ organ of the nervous system
 Made-up of three main structures: ___________________, cerebral cortex, and brainstem
 Attached (at its base) to the ________________ ________________
o ________________ ________________:
 Ropelike bundle of ________________ about as wide as your thumb
 ________________ the brain to other parts of the body (via neurons)
 Controls involuntary movements called ________________

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________________:
 A specialized ________________ that stores information and carries messages within the
nervous system and between other ________________ ________________.
 Are made of three parts:
 ________________ ________________:
o Contains the nucleus and organelles
 ________________:
o Branchlike extensions that receive messages from neighboring cells
 ________________:
o A long extension of the cell that carries electrical messages away from the
________________ ________________.

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o ________________ prevent injury or harm to the body by allowing quick, _____________________,
responses to stimuli.
o Keeps certain areas of the brain active with appropriate amounts of __________________________
(chemicals)

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ____________________:
 Causes:
 Low amounts of the neurotransmitter ________________ in the brain.
 Symptoms:
 Extended periods of intense sadness, ________________ to sleep, and feelings of
helplessness.
o ________________
________________
The Endocrine System:
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p874-875, 896-901

Definition:
o A collection of physically ________________________organs that helps to ________________
growth, development, and responses to the environment.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o Glands:
o ______________________
o ________________
________________

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ________________________:
 Small area in the ________________ of the brain
 Makes hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland to release ________________
 ________________ the production of other hormones that control growth, reproduction and
body temperature
o _____________ ________________:
 Small area in the ________________ of the brain
 Makes and releases hormones that control cell ________________
 Stimulates other ________________ ________________

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________________:
 Small ________________ found in many places in the body
 Produce ________________
 Hormones are ________________ _____________ made by the endocrine system

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Continually ________________ and ________________ the levels of hormones in the body.

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ________________:
 Causes:
 The ________________ does not produce enough of certain ________________.
 Symptoms:
 Weakness
 Sensitivity to cold
 Weight ________________
 ________________
The Respiratory System:
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p910-912, 914-916

Definition:
o The body system in which _______ __________________takes place

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ________________
o ________________

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ________________:
 Absorbs ______ and releases _____
 Contain _____________________ structures that help to absorb and release gases
o ________________:
 Long structure made of soft tissue, reinforced with ___________________
 Divides into 2 ________________ (each branch goes into each lobe of the lungs)

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________________:
 Small clusters of _________ sacs (look like small clusters of grapes)
 Gives lungs a HUGE ________________ __________for absorbing O2 and releasing CO2

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Provides all cells with _____ and ________________ CO2 (a cell‟s waste product).

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ________________:
 Causes:
 Muscle spasms caused by ________________ bronchioles.
 Triggered by ________________, stress, environmental factors, chemicals, or
________________.
 Symptoms:
 Shortness of ________________
 Difficulty __________________
 Wheezing
The Circulatory System:
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p917-929

Definition:
o A body system that transports ________________ and ___________ between various body tissues.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ________________
o ________________
o ________________
o _________________________

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ________________:
 A ________________ in the chest that moves blood throughout the body.
 Has ________ chambers: the left and right atriums and the left and right ventricles.
 Has flaps of tissue called _____________ that prevent blood from flowing backward.
 The right side of the heart pumps blood to the ___________, and the left side pumps to all
other ____________ ________________.
o ________________ ________________:
 ________________________ network for the blood.
 Includes:
 ________________: transport blood away from the heart
 _____________: carry blood toward the heart.
 ____________________: very thin walled allowing materials like oxygen to diffuse
through them

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________________:
 ______ ____________ _______: carry oxygen to body cells and carry carbon dioxide away
from cells.
 ______ ____________ _______:: defend the body against infection and remove foreign
material and dead cells.
 _________________: cell fragments that help form clots that control bleeding

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o _________________ required substances and wastes away and toward the body ___________.

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o __________________________:
 Causes:
 Smoking
 Lack of exercise
 Excessive _________________
 Long-term _________________
 Symptoms:
 Blood flow is partially or fully blocked by sticky material, called ________________.
 High blood _________________
 Can lead to a ________________ _________________, stroke, or kidney damage.
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The Immune System:
p945-954, 957-958

Definition:
o A body system that fights off ____________________ and pathogens.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o _________________
o Circulatory System
o Cilia
o Lymphatic System

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o _________________:
 ___________________structures in the mucus membranes that produce sticky _________.
 Trap invading pathogens so they ____________ enter the body.
 Present in the _________________ to your body near your eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and
excretory organs.
o ______________________ _________________:
 Transports _________ __________ ________ and proteins such as antibodies and
interferons throughout the body.

Smallest Functional Unit:
o _________ __________ ________:
 Find and kill ____________________ that have gotten past the body‟s external barriers.
 Ex) ______________________: surrounds, engulfs, and kills invading viruses, bacteria, and
fungus.
 Ex) ____________: destroy body cells that have been infected with pathogens.
 Ex) ____________: produce antibodies that weaken the pathogens or clump them together.

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Detects and ______________pathogens that pose a threat to the homeostasis of many other body
conditions.

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ___________________:
 Causes:
 ________________ are proteins, called antigens, which cause an allergic reaction.
 _________________________ to a normally harmless antigen.
 Symptoms:
 A chemical called ___________________ and some white blood cells cause
unnecessary inflammation.
 Blood vessels become _________________ and blood leaks out of the circulatory
system.
 _______________________ occurs when inflammation tightens the airways.
 Can lead to asthma, sneezing, watery eyes, congestion, and rashes.
The Excretory System:
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p986-991

Definition:
o A body system that ___________________ non-solid wastes through sweat, ____________, and
exhalation.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ___________________
o Ureter
o ___________________
___________________

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ___________________:
 Organs that eliminate wastes by filtering and cleansing ______________ to produce urine.
 Maintain fluid and chemical balances in body by filtering __________, salts, and other fluids.
 ___________________ regulate kidney function.
o ___________________ ___________________:
 A saclike organ that can store up to half a liter of ___________ at one time.
 Urine is released through the ________________ into the outside environment.

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ___________________:
 The individual ___________________ unit of the kidney.
 Each kidney contains approximately 1 _______________ nephrons.
 Blood enters the nephron through an artery where it is then ___________________.
Filtered blood leaves the nephron and is returned into the ____________________ system.

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Removes waste products from the ____________
o Maintains electrolytes, pH, and fluid ___________________ in the body

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o Kidney Failure:
 Causes:
 Kidneys (including the nephrons) not properly ______________, or not
______________ at all
 Symptom:
 Imbalance in electrolytes (sodium) disrupts the ______________ of the heart.
 Confusion and disorientation due to ______________ building up and effecting
neurons in the brain.
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The Skeletal System:
p1000-1005

Definition:
o A body system that includes the ______________ and ____________________ tissues that hold
the bones together.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o _________________
o Examples of __________:
o Joint
o Clavicle
o ________________
o Femur
o Humerus
o Vertebrae

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ______________:
 A long, flexible band of connective tissue that ______________ two bones across a joint.
o ______________:
 A flexible connective tissue that is found ______________ two bones.
 Allows for ______________ movements.

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ________ (osteocyte):
 ___________ tissue
 Supports, allows ____________________, and protects internal organs
 Form from cartilage that is hardened with ______________
 Grow from their ends where cartilage is located

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Deposits and removes ______________ from bones.
o Serve as ______________ deposits for calcium (the body uses this calcium for other functions)

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o Loss of bone density (osteoperosis):
 Causes:
 Calcium _________________from the bone to be used in other places in the body
 Symptom:
 Reduced bone ______________
 Increased likelihood of bone ______________
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p1006-1011, 123
The Muscular System:
 Definition:
o A system that ____________ bones at the_____________and pushes substances such as blood,
food, and fluids throughout the body.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o Skeletal Muscle
o Smooth Muscle
o Cardiac Muscle (Heart)

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ________________ _______________:
 Type of muscle that attaches to bones via ______________.
 Rectangular and ______________ cells with many nuclei.
 Mostly voluntary; under one‟s ______________.
 Can be made of fast-twitch or slow-twitch muscle fibers
o ______________ ________________:
 ______________ shaped cells without stripes.
 ___________________, contract automatically
 Make up the digestive tube, bladder, uterus, and ______________ ______________.

Smallest Functional Unit:
o ____________________:
 A section of a muscle fiber that contains protein ________________ that can contract.
 The protein filaments, __________ and ____________, grab and pull on each other to
shorten the sarcomere.
 When a nerve impulse is received, _______________ enters the sarcomere and regulatory
proteins move off of the binding sites on actin allowing myosin to bind.

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Allows us to actively respond to changes in the external environments as well as providing the
___________________ for the circulatory, digestive, and immune systems.

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o Sore Muscles:
 Causes:
 ______________ exercise that does not provide enough ______________ to the
muscle cells.
 ______________ ___________ builds up in cells.
 Symptoms:
 The glucose is converted to lactic acid, which causes muscles to “________” during
hard exercise.
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The Integumentary System:
p1013-1015

Definition:
o The body system that ______________ all other organ systems.

List of Main Organs/Structures/Tissues:
o ______________:
o Keratin
o Epidermis
o ______________
o Dermis
o ______________
o Sweat glands
o Oil glands

Examples of Two Main Organs/Structures:
o ______________:
 A tough, ____________________ protein that gives your hair and nails the ability to grow
away from the body, but still maintain shape and sturdiness
 Found in both ___________ and __________
o ____________________:
 Outermost layer of the __________
 First layer of protection for deeper skin layers

Smallest Functional Unit:
o Skin
 Made up of __________ layers
 Outermost layer on body

How the Organ System Maintains Homeostasis:
o Fights infection by _____________________ bacteria and fungi from entering skin
o Helps maintain body temperature by _________________ (sweat glands)

An Example of Departure from Homeostasis:
o ___________ ________________:
 Causes:
 Over exposure to ___________ rays
 Symptom:
 Irregularly shaped ____________ on skin
 Uncontrolled ___________ growth