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2017 School of Biological Sciences College of Science Biological Sciences Undergraduate BSc Majors in Biological Sciences and Biochemistry Endorsements in Biotechnology, Biosecurity, Ecology and Environmental Science Cover: Lolohea Ofa, Qituo Ding, Oscar Graham and Leighton Inglis conduct a research project in the Free Radical Biochemistry laboratory as part of their course work for BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques. Published September 2016 by the School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand. Information is correct as at the time of publication but is subject to change. The University’s official regulations and policies are available online at www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations Contents 3Welcome 4 Biology at UC 5 Graduate Student Profiles 7 Degree Structure 8 Planning Your BSc in Biology 9 Pathways in Biology 23 Biology Courses 27 Biochemistry Courses 29 School Facilities 30 Field Stations 31 Research Centres 32 Postgraduate Degrees 33 Career Opportunities 34 Contact Information 35Map Welcome Biology means the study of living things. Biologists study animals, plants and microbes in many different ways and at various scales from molecules and cells to muliticelllular organisms, populations, and even ecosystems. Our courses will help prepare you for a career. The opportunities for a biologist are far-reaching: be it in research, teaching, policy, or as a frontline biosecurity officer. You will find our courses exciting, challenging, and up-to-the minute as our lecturers are all actively engaged in research in the Biological Sciences. With two National Tertiary Teaching Excellence Awards and seven UC Teaching Awards in recent years, we have a proven track record in excellence in teaching. We are also host to four Rutherford Discovery Fellows. The Fellowships support New Zealand’s most talented early- to mid-career researchers. It has been suggested that the 21st Century will belong to the biologist. We now have incredibly powerful tools available to us - from the laboratory tools of the molecular biologist to the computer tools employed by those engaged in modelling the processes occurring in ecosystems. This handbook is provided to help you plan a course of study in Biology. If you have any questions please contact us. Welcome to Biology at UC. www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 3 Biology at UC The Biology major offered at the undergraduate level provides a broad-based introduction to Biology. Staff and research students in the School are engaged in research in three areas of biology that are vital to humankind: • Biodiversity – defining, sustaining and rehabilitating the diversity of life contained in natural and managed ecosystems. • Biosecurity/Biosafety – protecting our native biota from threats imposed by invasive organisms; understanding the potential impacts of genetic technologies on our environment • Biotechnology – the application of biological understanding to provide products that benefit society and support sustainable economic development. We offer over 40 undergraduate courses in biology and biochemistry. They are taught by academic staff with expertise in areas of biology ranging from genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology to ecology, conservation biology and biotechnology. Biology courses also support multidisciplinary studies such as Health Studies, Environmental Science, Biosecurity, Conservation Biology and Management and Antarctic Studies —Biology at UC offers something for everyone! 4 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz All our Biology majors will complete the three 100-level core papers: BIOL 111 Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution and Conservation and BIOL 113 Diversity of Life. In addition, Biology majors need to take STAT 101 Statistics 1 as an introduction to statistical data analysis (unless you have NCEA L3 Maths achieved with excellence). Finally, all students that major in biology complete BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis. Having gained an introduction to the breadth of Biology, many students start to focus on a particular area. Such interests are catered for in the major thematic areas (pathways) described in pages 9–22. You will see that there is overlap between the pathways. The overlap is important – the area of molecular genetics, for example, is just as important to the study of biodiversity as it is to the study of animal or plant development! Entry to Biology Entry into Biological Sciences is straightforward. We recommend that you take maths with statistics at Year 13. The diagram at right shows the different paths that may be followed to complete undergraduate and postgraduate studies in Biology. Science Pathways at Canterbury School Workforce (Year 13) BSc First Year Second Year Third Year excellent grades Diploma Masters Honours PGDipSc 1 year MSc Part I BSc(Hons) 1 year Part II Doctorate PhD 3 years A Career in Biology Student Profiles Our undergraduate program is designed to develop your understanding of biological sciences through theory and practical activities. Our graduates perform diverse jobs all over the world, from remote villages to capital cities. UC is ranked in the top 3% of universities in the world. A degree from Canterbury is seen by the world as a quality degree and opens many doors. ‘UC is an excellent choice as ‘The field trips I have been the courses offered suited on to the Cass field station my interests extremely well.’ have definitely enhanced my appreciation for how Steve has a clear idea of what he wants to do in wonderful the environment his career and has taken on a double degree to set himself up for it. of New Zealand is...’ ‘My aim is to one day own a company. My BCom will help me to achieve that, and my BSc will provide the industry. New Zealand has a miniature biotechnology scene, so there is plenty of opportunity for those with the right skills to help it grow. My dream is to be involved in as many ventures as I can, specialising in clean energies and sustainability.’ Steve has long been fascinated by biology, and after deciding it was an area he wanted to work in long-term, realised he needed to study the subject at a higher level. ‘I’m one of those people that will stare at pond water under the microscope for ages just to glimpse something weird swim by, or become awe-struck in a forest by the sheer scale or biological diversity around me,’ he says. ‘In my Science degree, the labs are definitely the best part. I have always preferred learning by discovering things practically. ’ Steve Rowe Studying towards a Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology and a Bachelor of Commerce in Strategy and Entrepreneurship As she reaches the latter stages of her degree, Sophie says she has been inspired by her studies to make science the basis of her future. ‘Every day here I learn new and exciting things about the wonderful world we live in. Ecology in particular has become my passion. The field trips I have been on to the Cass field station have definitely enhanced my appreciation for how wonderful the environment of New Zealand is, and how important it is that we look after it.’ While she was at high school, Sophie was expecting to study commerce at university, but was persuaded that her academic strength was in science. However, by choosing to study at UC, she was able to do both. ‘Finding out that I could study Economics in a Bachelor of Science, I was sold!’ she says. ‘Doing a double major can be very full-on at times, trying to squeeze everything into three years, but it is definitely achievable. Sophie Hale Studying towards a Bachelor of Science in Biological Sciences and Economics ‘Biochemistry has a pleasant mix of molecular biology and chemistry that lets me satisfy my curiosity...’ The chemical properties of the health-boosting enzymes found in the humble kiwifruit are the focus of Eric’s Master of Science thesis. ‘I am researching the stability and structure of various bioactive proteins and how different chemical and physical environments might affect their activity,’ he explains. ‘I have been analysing the product processing line to see if optimisation may be accessible which could increase the amount of active enzymes present in the exported product.’ Eric’s project is a collaboration with a biotechnology company with interests in the lucrative ‘neutraceuticals’ industry. Thanks to a Callaghan Innovation scholarship, he is working in the labs of UC’s Biomolecular Interaction Centre (BIC) which fosters partnerships between academic research and industry. Eric says the real-world uses for such research make it a fascinating area to work in. Eric Richards Recently completed an MSc in Biological Sciences www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 5 Inspirational Alumni See more at www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz/inspire/ Shelley has a major role in the post-earthquake revitalisation of Christchurch rivers. Hugh’s dream of returning Sara started the ‘Falcon Hinewai to native bush has Ambassadors’ programme been his on-going passion for in New Zealand schools. nearly 30 years. Combining her passions for quality science and clear communication, Shelley started EOS Ecology—an aquatic science and visual communication company—soon after graduating from UC. As Co-director and Principal Scientist, Shelley is responsible for strategic direction, managing the science team, maintaining quality, and undertaking research and commercial work to identify robust and practical solutions to the problems facing freshwater and estuary systems in New Zealand. Hugh is a world-renowned botanist, conservationist and cyclist. Recognised for her expertise in the impacts of urbanisation on aquatic fauna and the rehabilitation of aquatic systems, Shelley was selected as the Ecology Technical Lead for two key Anchor Projects aimed at revitalising Christchurch following the earthquakes—Te Papa Otākaro/Avon River Precinct (ARP) and the Northern/Eastern Frame. As Ecology and Design Leader for the ARP in-river works package, Shelley is also responsible for one of the largest urban waterway revitalisation programmes in New Zealand. Shelley is a member of community groups and Chairperson of a charitable trust, and regularly donates her time and her company’s resources to help the general public on ecology matters. Shelley McMurtrie 1996 BSc 2001 MSc 6 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz At the age of 5 Hugh began drawing birds and dreaming of the bush. Following school Hugh taught in Sarawak with Volunteer Service Abroad before returning to Christchurch to attend UC, where he completed degrees in both arts and science. Hugh then conducted botanical surveys of the Aoraki Mount Cook region and then of Stewart Island / Rakiura, and then. This was followed in 1980s by a five year botanical survey of Banks Peninsula. Since 1987 Hugh has managed Hinewai Reserve on Banks Peninsula, a privately owned nature reserve. Hugh has written and illustrated over a dozen books, including the richly illustrated Plant Life on Banks Peninsula. He was awarded the Loder Cup in 1987 for his work with New Zealand flora, followed in 1991 by the Linnaean Society of London Bloomer Medal for his contribution to botany. He is a research fellow of the Koiata Botanical Trust and Landcare Research - Manaaki Whenua, and a director of the Banks Peninsula Track Company. Hugh Wilson 1971 BSc As a conservation biologist, Sara is interested in farming landscapes and human-wildlife conflicts and was also a founding member of the Marlborough Falcon Conservation Trust. Her PhD research at UC focused on the efficacy of reintroducing the threatened New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) into the vineyards of Marlborough, New Zealand’s largest wine region, as both a conservation scheme and as a source of natural pest control. The research combined behavioural ecology, ornithology, and conservation biology to examine the changes that occurred in the falcons themselves and in the vineyard ecosystems. Sara has recently taken up a position at California State University, Sacramento following her role as a Post-doctoral Research Scholar at the University of California Davis where she constructed predator-prey models to determine whether barn owls are able to control rodent pests on Californian farms. Prior to this Sara was a 2013 David H. Smith Conservation Research Post-doctoral Fellow at the University of California Davis and The Nature Conservancy. Sara believes that outreach is one of the most rewarding parts of doing research, and views it as an important component of her commitment to conservation. Dr Sara Kross 2012 PhD Degree Structure The Bachelor of Science degree requires a minimum total of 360 credit points, of which at least 255 points must be from science courses. The remaining 105 points can be from science or nonscience courses. The maximum number of points at 100-level is 135, at least 225 points must be above 100-level, of which at least 90 must be at 300-level, 60 of them in a single subject (BIOL) – this is your major. Students can take more than 225 points above 100-level and some choose to do a double major by taking two science subjects through to 300-level with 60 points in each. Biology Endorsements If you choose so, an endorsement can be added to your Biology major in recognition of the fact that your studies have had a particular focus. There are four endorsements that you can study towards as a Biology major: the Biotechnology, Biosecurity, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences endorsements. All four are also available as pathways in Biology. Full regulations for endorsements can be found at: www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations/award/ bsc_schedule_endorsements.shtml Biotechnology Endorsement The Biotechnology endorsement covers environmental or plant biotechnology. Environmental biotechnology includes fundamental research contributing knowledge about ecological and evolutionary processes; research underpinning biodiversity and biosecurity management in New Zealand, and research directed towards technology development with dual economic and environmental outcomes. Biotechnology research has key roles to play in helping us characterise New Zealand’s indigenous genetic heritage through biosystematics, to protect New Zealand’s indigenous genetic heritage through the provision of tools to identify biosecurity threats, and, through research, to help counter the environmental impacts of farming. Plant biotechnology overlaps with environmental biotechnology. It is important to recognise that plant biotechnology goes beyond genetic Biological Sciences BSc basic degree structure Biology major courses Other science courses Courses from science or other degrees 3 300 Level 300 300 300 300 200 200 2 200 Level 200 200 Biol 209 200 Level Level 200 200 100 * 1 Biol 111 Biol 112 Biol 113 Stat 101 100 Level 100 100 100 Level Level Level 300 Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level Level * Biology majors are strongly recommended to take some chemistry, such as CHEM 114. The diagrams above show the minimum requirements for a BSc degree with a major in Biology. Many students take more than 225 points above the 100 level, and most take more than 60 points in their major. Students must take BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113, STAT 101 and BIOL 209 in their degree, and BIOL 309 is strongly recommended, especially for potential postgraduate students. BIOL 309 cannot be used as part of the minimum 60 points needed at 300 level to major in Biological Sciences. modification and includes a range of laboratory based plant tissue culture and plant breeding techniques. Universities have access to unique germplasm collections and genomics databases for research and much research focused on plant breeding is now regarded as ‘biotechnologyassisted’ and has developed beyond the need to genetically modify crop plants. Biosecurity Endorsement and fauna evolved unique characteristics. The invasion of New Zealand by humans, and the organisms that they introduced has drastically altered its ecology, leading to drastic reductions in numbers, or even extinctions of the original animals and plants. In addition, global climate change is affecting the ecology of New Zealand, altering the distribution of both native and introduced organisms. In this rapidly changing environment it is vital that we continue to train competent and capable ecologists. Biosecurity is an emerging issue of both national and international importance. New Zealand is particularly well suited for studies related to biosecurity as it is a small island nation vulnerable to exotic invasions. Furthermore, on-going global climate change and its effects on ecosystems make understanding biosecurity issues crucial. Ecology is a major part of the School of Biological Sciences reflecting its importance in New Zealand, and indeed in the world. An endorsement in ecology gives guidance to our students as they progress through their undergraduate courses and it sends a clear signal to potential employers that they have a thorough grounding in this subject. The School of Biological Sciences has identified biosecurity as a major theme in many of its courses and believes that an endorsement to its undergraduate major will help students choose a course of study that will allow flexibility, but will provide these students with a core understanding of biosecurity issues. We focus on two key pathways of biosecurity – molecular/ genetics and ecological/applied. Ecology Endorsement Ecology is a broad topic encompassing studies on individuals, species, populations, communities and ecosystems, and including behaviour, evolution, physiology and increasingly, molecular biology. Environmental Science Endorsement Well-educated people with strong technical and communication skills are needed to help identify, to monitor and to contribute to solving a variety of problems associated with the environment and with the use and allocation of resources and sustainability. Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the environment, incorporating its structure and functioning, and human interactions with the environment. At UC it is taught across the science departments to ensure graduates develop a valuable set of skills that are transferable to a range of careers. In New Zealand, the study of ecology is especially important. As a small group of islands separated from larger land masses, the New Zealand flora www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 7 Planning Your BSc in Biology Biological Sciences Major The Bachelor of Science, or BSc degree, is a three-year undergraduate degree requiring 360 points. The School offers undergraduate majors in Biological Sciences (BIOL) and Biochemistry (BCHM). Our three core 100 level courses (BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113) provide a comprehensive overview of Biology and our 200- and 300-level courses provide advanced training in specialised areas. We believe that this broad approach in curriculum delivery is of great benefit to student learning. To major in BIOL, students must pass STAT 101, BIOL 111, BIOL 112, BIOL 113 and BIOL 209 (or equivalent background, e.g. STAT 201 or PSYC 206). To gain a pass a student must do satisfactory practical work in laboratory classes and in field courses as well as performing satisfactorily in written tests and examinations. Students who have not taken Chemistry to Year 13 or Scholarship level are recommended to take 15 points of CHEM (e.g. CHEM 114) before enrolling in 200 level courses. Students who have not taken Maths (with Calculus) to Year 13 or Scholarship level should strongly consider taking 15 points of MATH (e.g. MATH 101) before enrolling in 200 level courses. BIOL 309 cannot be used as part of the minimum 60 points needed at 300 level to major in Biological Sciences. Students intending to enrol in fourth year courses should have gained the equivalent of at least 90 points in 300 level BIOL courses. Students admitted to an Honours or Masters Degree in Ecology must include BIOL 309, or an equivalent course, in their undergraduate degree. BIOL 309 is strongly recommended for ALL intending postgraduate students. 8 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Choosing your first year courses Starting your BSc in Biology is straightforward. Most students begin by taking the core biology courses during their first year at Canterbury, but students who discover an interest in biology later can also take the core courses during their second year. The three core courses are: BIOL 111 Cellular Biology and Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution and Conservation BIOL 113 Diversity of Life [BIOL 111 is required for Biochemistry majors, BIOL 112 and 113 are recommended.] Because statistical analysis and experimental design is such a fundamental aspect of all biological research, all Biology majors are required to take STAT 101 Statistics 1 (unless you have NCEA L3 Maths achieved with excellence) and BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis (or equivalent preparation e.g. STAT 201, PSYC 206). Two additional first year courses are also offered for students. These optional courses cannot be substituted for the core biology courses. BIOL 116 Human Biology SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge Choosing courses for your second and third year: Pathways in Biology In order to help you to choose your second and third year courses, Biological Sciences has created a range of pathways (see pages 9–23). They allow you to create a personalised degree that suits your interests. Pathways are informal selections of courses that we recommend taking to become proficient in your area of interest. For each pathway, we list the core courses and several complementary courses that you might be interested in. You don’t have to select a pathway to major in Biology, nor do you need to take all core courses in your pathway/s of interest. However, many students find it helpful to use one or more pathways for selecting a coherent combination of courses. The Biochemistry pathway can also be taken as a major if all core courses are taken. The Biosecurity, Biotechnology, Ecology, and Environmental Science pathways can also be taken as endorsements if all core courses are taken. Find maths or chemistry intimidating? Mathematics and Chemistry can seem intimidating to many - if you lack confidence in these (or haven’t done them to year 13) but want to expand your background, don’t worry! UC provides plenty of support. This includes introductory courses at 1st year that are specifically tailored to biologists’ needs – Methods of Mathematics (MATH 101) and Introductory Chemistry (CHEM 114). If in doubt, talk to one of our academic advisors. Love maths or computers? If you enjoy mathematics or computing, and are interested in biology, UC is well suited to cater for your needs. There are mathematicians on campus who work closely with biologists, and UC is home to the UC HPC (University of Canterbury High Performance Computing). Combining biology with computing and/or mathematics will give you plenty of options in the future. Some papers you could do at first year to complement your interest in biology include MATH 120/170 and COSC 121/122. Pathways in Biology Animal Behaviour Animal Behaviour is the scientific study of the “how” and “why” of what animals do. This can range from answering questions about how animals communicate and how neural mechanisms control behaviour, to questions about why animals are altruistic to family members, why some animals look after their offspring while others do not, or why species differ in their mating systems. Career paths Postgraduate Graduates who specialise in Behaviour generally also take courses in Ecology and Evolution. Some of our recent graduates have taken up careers such as: BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. Humans probably always have been fascinated by the behaviour of animals. By studying animal behaviour through a scientific framework, we can understand the reasons for the rich behavioural repertoire seen across the animal kingdom and in the process perhaps learn something about our own sometimes perplexing behaviour. Understanding the behaviour of animals in nature also is becoming increasingly important in conservation biology programmes to ensure that they survive and reproduce. • Conducting research projects for Wool Research Year 1 • Monitoring endangered species like the Chatham Island taiko for the Department of Conservation • Working on nature documentaries for the BBC • Biosecurity officer for the Department of Conservation in Wellington • Researching behavioural means to control agricultural pest insects in Australia PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. • Conducting research on spider monkeys in Panama • Teaching animal behaviour courses in Fiji • Curator at the Canterbury Museum Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology BIOL 355 Neurons, Hormones and Behaviour Statistics 1 BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology Complementary BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology Complementary BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] BIOL 211 Insect Biology BIOL 375 Freshwater Ecosystems PSYC 105 Introductory Psychology - Brain, Behaviour and Cognition BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 378 Population Ecology and Conservation BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems STAT 101 Complementary BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 270 Ecology Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. BIOL 273 NZ Biodiversity and Biosecurity www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 9 Animal Physiology Animal physiology is the study of the physical and chemical processes that occur within animals—in other words, how animals work! Animal physiology is concerned with such topics as gas exchange, blood and circulation, osmoregulation, digestion, nervous and muscle systems and endocrinology. Career paths Postgraduate Graduates specialising in Animal Physiology can find teaching and research careers in hospitals, schools of medicine, universities, pharmaceutical laboratories and crown research institutes. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. They may also work in fields as diverse as conservation, the food industry, fisheries and aquaculture concerns and in the sports industry. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis Core BIOL 309 Experimental Design & Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 250 BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 Animal Ecophysiology BIOL 355 Neurons, Hormones and Behaviour Principles of Animal Physiology BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) Complementary BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology BIOL 354 MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology Complementary BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics Complementary BIOL 116 Human Biology BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics CHEM 111 BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology STAT 101 [2] Statistics 1 Chemical Principles and Processes Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. 10 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Biochemistry (major) Biochemistry uses the techniques of chemistry, physics and molecular biology to probe the mysteries of biology. At UC, biochemistry courses are taught as a collaboration between the Department of Chemistry and the School of Biological Sciences. For Biochemistry students it is important to consider both biology and chemistry courses in addition to the biochemistry core when designing your degree. Within the broad field of biochemistry, research interests at UC focus on the following key areas: • Intermediary metabolism: studies of the integration of reactions in living cells; how cells make and use energy; biosynthesis of proteins; DNA & RNA; and cellular control mechanisms • The molecular basis for biological phenomena: studies of molecular biology; gene expression and control; hormones and physiological phenomena • Ultrastructure: studies of the coordination of the structure and function of cells, their organelles and their proteins. careers including teaching and research in hospitals and medical fields, in the food and drink industries, in agriculture and in industry. • The structure of biopolymers: studies of the structure of proteins, DNA & RNA, cell walls,etc. Postgraduate • Applied biochemistry: studies of immobilised enzymes; biochemical engineering, food biochemistry, etc. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. • Free radical biochemistry. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. • Enzyme inhibition and drug design • Natural products chemistry and drug discovery Career paths Biochemistry is a “central science” allowing employment across a wide range of disciplines - from chemistry to molecular biology; from medicine to food technology. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. A Biochemistry major can prepare you for diverse • The nature of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 111 Core BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Core BCHM 301 Biochemistry 3 (aka BIOL 331) BCHM 202 Foundations of Molecular Biology (aka BIOL 231) BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques [3] Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) Complementary BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation BIOL 113 Diversity of Life CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes STAT 101 Statistics 1 (or MATH 101) [2] BCHM 212 Chemical Reactivity BCHM 253 Cell Biology 1 (aka BIOL 253) BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry Complementary BCHM 206 Organic Chemistry Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Required if your BSc Major is Biology [3] BCHM 381 is essential for postgraduate Biochemistry. BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BCHM 302 Biological Chemistry (aka CHEM 325) Complementary BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics CHEM 321 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: From Structure to Function BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology CHEM 322 Organic Chemistry BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology CHEM 381 Advanced Synthetic Techniques CHEM 211 Molecules www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 11 Biosecurity (endorsement) Career paths Postgraduate Biosecurity is a major growth industry in New Zealand, spearheaded by the regulatory authority Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity New Zealand (MAFBNZ), and this is generating many positions, from border control, to pest surveillance and eradication, to strategic planning. District and regional councils employ biologists to manage invading organisms, while DoC and other environmental agencies need biologists to manage our native heritage. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core [3] BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis Core BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 231 BIOL 352 Plant Development & Biotechnology Biosecurity is more that just a subject stream; we have determined that it is important enough to warrant it being an endorsement to the degree. What this means is that rather than just gaining a BSc in Biological Sciences you gain a BSc in Biological Sciences (Biosecurity). This tells prospective employers that you have a degree that is focused on issues relevant to the security of New Zealand’s flora and fauna. Biosecurity focuses on native organisms, how they have shaped New Zealand, and the impact of human occupation and consequent invasions. However, biosecurity is global and our courses reflect this. Biosecurity also focuses on epidemics, such as bird flu, how it could affect New Zealand, and how we keep ourselves free of it. BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) (or CHEM 114) STAT 101 Statistics 1 Foundations in Molecular Biology PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. BIOL 270 Ecology BIOL 377 BIOL 271 Complementary [5] BIOL 305 Practical Field Botany Evolution BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity Global Change and Biosecurity Complementary LAWS 101 The Legal System: Legal Method and Institutions BIOS 201 Issues in New Zealand Biosecurity BIOL 309 Experimental Design & Data Analysis [4] Complementary [5] BIOL 215 Plant Diversity and Systematics BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology LAWS 110 Legal Foundations, Research and Writing BIOL 203 Introduction to Forensic Biology BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics Any 2nd year BIOL courses BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology FORE 218 BIOL 375 Freshwater Ecosystems SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] Forest Biology ANTA 201 Antarctica and Global Change Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] These courses do not all have to be taken in your second year of study, but are required to qualify for the endorsement in Biosecurity. [4] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. [5] There are two pathways within the Biosecurity endorsement, either molecular/genetics or ecological/applied. See the regulations to select appropriate courses. 12 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz BIOL 378 Population Ecology & Conservation BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems Full regulations for endorsements can be found at: www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations/award/bsc_schedule_endorsements.shtml Biotechnology (endorsement) Postgraduate Biotechnology is of national and international importance. It can be defined as fundamental research contributing knowledge about biochemical, molecular, ecological and evolutionary processes; research underpinning biodiversity and biosecurity management in New Zealand; and research directed towards technology development with dual economic and environmental outcomes. Consequently, biotechnology research has key roles to play in helping us characterise New Zealand’s indigenous genetic heritage through biosystematics, to protect New Zealand’s indigenous genetic heritage through the provision of tools to identify biosecurity threats, and, through research, to help counter the environmental impacts of farming in areas such as agricultural methane emissions and nitrogen fixers in pastures. Biotechnology goes beyond genetic modification and includes a range of laboratory based tissue culture and breeding techniques such as the use of somatic hybridisation. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology Career paths Employment opportunities for graduates with good biotechnology training are exceptionally attractive overseas, since biotechnology is widely considered to be the industrial growth area of this century. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology and Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 333 BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 and a minimum of 30 points from: BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) STAT 101 Statistics 1 Complementary MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics LAWS 101 The Legal System: Legal Method and Institutions Complementary [2] BIOL 215 Plant Diversity & Systematics BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology Molecular Genetics BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology LAWS 110 Legal Foundations, Research and Writing BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Complementary [2] BCHM 303 Special Topic: Toxicology ENGR 101 Foundations of Engineering BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes [1] BIOL 309 Experimental Design & Data Analysis [3] BIOL 331 Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] There are two pathways within the endorsement, either environmental biotech or plant biotech. See the regulations to select appropriate courses. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. Biochemistry 3 Full regulations for endorsements can be found at: www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations/award/bsc_schedule_endorsements.shtml www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 13 Cellular and Molecular Biology Cell biology is the science of the living cell. Cell theory, developed in the 1800s, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the smallest living units of all living organisms, and that cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell. Recent decades have seen stunning advances in the study of cell biology as a range of different imaging, biochemical and molecular techniques have been used to investigate how cells work, and how cells interact with other cells. Career paths Postgraduate Cell and molecular biologists have many career options. They are employed by in universities, biotechnology companies and crown research institutes (e.g. Agresearch, Plant & Food Research). Many cell biologists also work in the medical sciences, either as researchers or in the pharmaceutical industry and contribute to civil society and organisations and government agencies. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. Molecular biology is the science of how things work at the molecular level, from gene expression to genetics. This fundamental science underpins our understanding of how cells and organisms work. Year 1 PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 331 Biochemistry 3 (30 points) BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 STAT 101 BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Statistics 1 Complementary CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. 14 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Complementary BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry Complementary BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology BIOL 355 Neurons, Hormones and Behaviour BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques Ecology (endorsement) Ecology is the study of organisms and how they relate to their environment. Evolution is a closely related area of study that focuses on how organisms change to adapt to their local surroundings. Related courses are also offered on plant systematics (the study of plant classification and evolutionary relationships) and animal behaviour. Ecology is an increasingly important field, as we struggle to protect plants and animals from growing human impacts. Ecologists and evolutionists try to understand our endangered native organisms such as kiwi, kakapo and rare plants, and they also try to predict or mitigate the effects of exotic pests such as possums and old man’s beard. This work can take them to a wide range of beautiful and unique areas in New Zealand and beyond. The School has teaching and research strengths in terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecology. Career paths Graduates who specialise in Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour may take up careers like: District conservation officer for the Department of Conservation in Tekapo, Haast Postgraduate BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. Monitoring of ecological values along streams, rivers and estuary for the Christchurch City Council MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. Field technician in Landcare Research’s programme to help meet Kyoto agreements on global warming PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Member of project team with a private environmental consulting company Operating an aquaculture facility for a Marlborough Sounds seafood company Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis Core BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 270 Ecology BIOL 375 Freshwater Ecosystems STAT 101 Statistics 1 BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity Population Ecology and Conservation Complementary CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes [1] Complementary BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology BIOL 378 BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 211 Insect Biology BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology Complementary BIOL 305 Practical Field Botany FORE 111 BIOL 215 Plant Diversity & Systematics BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology Trees, Forest and Environment BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems GEOG 106 Global Environmental Change BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology GEOG 109 Physical Geography: Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology GEOL 111 Planet Earth: An Introduction to Geology GEOL 115 The Dynamic Earth System MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. Full regulations for endorsements can be found at: www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations/award/bsc_schedule_endorsements.shtml www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 15 Environmental Science (endorsement) broader than a single subject area. Obviously you will not be able to study all of the listed areas in depth, but you should aim to take a wide range of topics in your first year and at least two subject areas in your second year. Postgraduate Career paths PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. Graduates with an endorsement in Environmental Science are likely to find employment with organisations involved with managing the environment, such as city and regional councils, Department of Conservation, Cawthron Institute, Landcare. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core At least 60 points in your major (BIOL). BIOL 113 Diversity of Life Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis GEOG 106 Global Environmental Change BIOL 270 STAT 101 GEOG 205 Introduction to GIS We recommend you follow the guidelines from the streams listed below to choose courses of interest for your 300-level. Environmental Science is more that just a subject stream, we have determined that it is important enough to warrant it being an endorsement to the degree. What this means is that rather than just gaining a BSc in Biological Sciences you gain a BSc in Biological Sciences (Environmental Sciences). This tells prospective employers that you have a degree that is much wider than just biology and that it has a focus on environmental issues. Environmental Science is bigger than just biology, it includes subjects such as law, chemistry, geography, geology and forestry. It is all about identifying aspects of the environment and having the right tools to manage it. So to graduate with Environmental Science you need to be much Statistics 1 Ecology 15 points of CHEM 15 points of GEOG Complementary BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry GEOL 113 Environmental Geohazards SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. We recommend you follow the guidelines from the streams listed below to choose courses of interest for your 200-level. • Biosecurity • Biotechnology • Ecology • Biosecurity • Marine Biology • Biotechnology • Microbiology • Ecology • Plant Biology • Microbiology • Plant Biology Full regulations for endorsements can be found at: www.canterbury.ac.nz/regulations/award/bsc_schedule_endorsements.shtml 16 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Evolutionary Biology Tools and technologies of evolutionary biology underpin all the biological sciences, including molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, biodiversity and behaviour. A course in evolution may cover topics as diverse as understanding HIV; measuring natural selection; investigating how new species arise, and making predictions about the survival of rare species and the spread of invasive ones. The common theme is the study of how organisms change and adapt to their local environment. Evolution complements Ecology in areas such as conservation biology, the study of plant and animal invasions, and predicting the potential spread of GMOs. Evolution complements Behaviour in explaining topics such as sexual selection and social behaviour. Evolution is also fundamental to the designing of effective drugs and predicting the spread of new diseases such as Zika virus. Year 1 Career paths Graduates who specialise in Evolutionary Biology generally also take courses in Ecology and Behaviour. Some of our recent graduates have taken up careers like: • Private environmental consultancy work • Botanist / Zoologist at Landcare Research involved in biodiversity studies and the management of New Zealand biodiversity • Botanist/Zoologist for the Department of Conservation monitoring and managing rare species • Biosecurity officer for MAF involved in predicting and managing the spread of introduced organisms • Scientist for AgResearch working in biocontrol • Scientist/Technician with Crop & Food Research involving plant breeding • Technician at the National Herbarium Postgraduate BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology BIOL 271 Evolution STAT 101 Complementary BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology Complementary BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BIOL 211 Insect Biology BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 215 Plant Diversity & Systematics BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity BIOL 270 Ecology BIOL 378 Population Ecology and Conservation BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology Statistics 1 Complementary MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 17 Freshwater Ecology Freshwater is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. From the glaciers of South Westland to the braided rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand has an abundance of freshwater systems. Freshwater ecology is the understanding of the ecology of rivers, lakes and wetlands. Focussing on ecological concepts but also applied freshwater science, it includes the study of water chemistry, plant, invertebrate and fish diversity and communities. With increasing land use pressures and climate change there is a need to better understand these freshwater systems to support management decisions regarding usage, conservation and rehabilitation. Year 1 Career paths Postgraduate Increasing demand for freshwater scientists in NZ and internationally has resulted in a wide range of jobs including regional council water quality scientists, Crown Research Institute scientists, Department of Conservation scientists and technical officers, and private consultants. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. A degree in freshwater ecology will give you the skills for the many ecological monitoring positions that exist within engineering and consulting firms as well as science policy jobs within government In addition, freshwater ecology is a great background field for teachers and environmentally aware citizens. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists Freshwater Ecosystems Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology and Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology BIOL 375 SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge BIOL 211 Insect Biology WATR 301 Water Resource Management BIOL 270 Ecology STAT 101 WATR 201 Freshwater Resources Complementary BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology Complementary BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) WATR 203 Freshwater Science Field Skills BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity Complementary BIOL212 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 378 Population Ecology and Conservation BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology GEOG 106 Global Environmental Change BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems GEOG 109 Physical Geography: Earth, Ocean, Atmosphere BIOL 271 Evolution Statistics 1 GEOL 111 Planet Earth: An Introduction to Geology BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity CHEM 244 Applied Analytical Chemistry for Environmental Sciences Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. Additional complementary courses can be chosen from BIOL, BCHM, CHEM, GEOG, GEOL, ECON, FORE, LAWS, SOCI and SUST, to suit your interests. We recommend you consult with Profs Jon Harding or Angus McIntosh to ensure your degree plan is suitable. 18 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Genetics Genetics is the science of heredity. It has a history of less than 150 years, yet the most significant discovery, the double helix, celebrated its 50th birthday in 2003. The completion of the human genome project, followed by a proliferation of genome projects on endemic and endangered species has promised to challenge the creativity of future scientists. Genetics will provide a platform for the development of new drugs to combat diseases, methodology for the conservation of endangered species and understanding evolutionary history. Furthermore, it will help us to understand who we are and what we are, enhance our biosecurity and even catch criminals. Career paths Postgraduate Geneticists have a wide range of possible career options. They are employed by biotechnology companies and research institutes (e.g. AgResearch, Plant and Food Research, Landcare Research) to undertake genetic typing and to develop new strains of organisms. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. They may also work for pharmaceutical companies developing approaches to disease control, and for health research organisations and hospitals using genetics to identify disease-causing organisms as well as the genetic basis for human diseases. Genetics is a rapidly advancing field that creates challenges and opportunities for society. Our graduates and staff also work in civil society organisations and for government agencies providing expertise to maximise the benefits of genetic technologies while minimising risk. Year 1 PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics STAT 101 Complementary BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Complementary BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology Statistics 1 Complementary MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge BIOL 215 Plant Diversity & Systematics BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. BIOL 331 Biochemistry 3 (aka BCHM 301) BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 19 Marine Biology Marine Biology is the science of the sea. Understanding and appreciating the complex biological and ecological interactions of organisms in the oceans requires a good understanding of the ecosystem connections, from the depths of the open oceans to the coastal interface of land and sea. Marine biologists are essential to the modern world as resources are increasingly over-used, and the oceans are affected by trade, travel and recreation. The sustainability and conservation of marine biodiversity is essential to the health of the planet and conservation of core human values. We urgently need people with knowledge of marine biology who can contribute to this goal. The Kaikoura Marine Environment is a sentinel focus area for our teaching and research, providing the opportunity for students to gain exposure to Year 1 key elements of New Zealand’s complex marine ecosystems, while gaining experience in data management, analysis and writing of scientific reports. Career paths Specialising in Marine Biology and Ecology provides suitable training for employment as a marine scientist in organisations such the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, the Cawthron Institute, Department of Conservation and the Ministry of Primary Industry (fisheries or biosecurity research), as well as consultancy roles in Regional Councils and engineering consultant companies. In addition, Marine Biology is a great background field for teachers and environmentally aware citizens. Postgraduate BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 375 Freshwater Ecosystems Statistics 1 BIOL 270 Ecology BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity BIOL 271 Evolution BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems STAT 101 Complementary CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes [1] Complementary BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology Complementary BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology GEOG 106 Global Environmental Change BIOL 253 Cell Biology I BIOL 378 Population Ecology and Conservation GEOL 111 Planet Earth: An Introduction to Geology BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) GEOL 115 The Dynamic Earth System MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. 20 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity GEOG 201 Environmental Processes: Principles and Applications GEOG 205 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems Microbiology Microbiology is the study of organisms such as algae, fungi, bacteria and viruses that cannot be seen with the naked eye. These micro-organisms are abundant and diverse, and they affect humans in both negative and positive ways. Some microorganisms cause diseases in humans, other animals, or agricultural crops. Others can be used to benefit humans, such as microbes that can be used to kill insect pests (biocontrol) and those that destroy harmful chemicals such as pesticides (bioremediation). Other microbes are simply essential to the maintenance of all life, such as those that generate oxygen and other critical elements. Career paths Postgraduate Microbiologists are employed by various industries to test product safety, by waste-water treatment plants to ensure water quality, by hospitals to identify disease-causing microbes, and by research institutes to explore basic aspects of microbial biology, diversity and ecology. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. Year 1 Core PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. The food industry employs many microbiologists for food testing and production of items such as wine, beer, dairy products and mushrooms. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. Careers can also be in horticulture, plant disease research, terrestrial and freshwater ecology, water pollution investigations and biology teaching. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Year 2 Year 3 Core Core BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 STAT 101 Complementary Complementary BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology BIOL 331 Biochemistry 3 (aka BCHM 301) Statistics 1 Complementary CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes [1] MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 21 Plant Biology Plants are central to the maintenance of life on Earth and for the basis of agricultural production. Plant biology is a very broad discipline that covers the study of the structure, function and evolution and diversity of plants. Plant biologists study processes at the cellular and whole organism level, and address questions on how plants respond to the environment and other organisms. Others study the evolutionary history of the huge diversity of plant species. The study of plant biology can be undertaken in the lab or in the field, and is central to agricultural production and ecosystem function. Career paths Postgraduate Plant Biology graduates may find employment in diverse fields, including teaching and research for Universities, Crown Research Institutes and biological industries. BSc (Hons) - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers and a research project. Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Core BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics Employment opportunities for graduates with good plant biology training are in demand overseas as understanding plant biology is key to solving problems faced by agriculture, the environment and medicine through sustainable technologies. PGDipSc - Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers. MSc- Students complete a fourth year of study comprising four 400-level papers (part I), then proceed to a research project (part II), written up as a thesis. PhD - Students complete a 3 year research project written up as a thesis. Entry is after successful completion of either BSc(Hons) or an MSc. Core BIOL 111 Cellular Biology & Biochemistry BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution & Conservation Core BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics BIOL 113 Diversity of Life BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 BCHM 112 Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry [1] (aka CHEM 112) BIOL 215 Plant Diversity & Systematics BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology STAT 101 BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology Statistics 1 Complementary CHEM 111 Chemical Principles and Processes [1] MATH 101 Methods of Mathematics [2] SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge Notes [1] If you have fewer than 14 credits of NCEA level 3 chemistry take CHEM 114 before starting BCHM/CHEM 112. [2] Math 101 is strongly recommended unless you have good NCEA level 3 maths credits. [3] BIOL 309 is essential for postgraduate Biology. 22 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Complementary BCHM 222 Biochemistry B – Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Complementary BIOL 305 Practical Field Botany BIOL 309 Experimental Design and Data Analysis for Biologists [3] BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology BIOL 271 BIOL 331 Biochemistry 3 (aka BCHM 301) BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics Evolution BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques Biology Courses Key P: Pre-requisites RP: Recommended Preparation R: Restrictions EQ: Equivalent Course BIOL 111 Cellular Biology and Biochemistry Semester 1 15 points A foundation course that will introduce you to the basic processes of cellular biology. The cell is considered the basic unit of life because every organism whether animal, plant, or microorganism consists of cells or is itself a single cell. As such the structure and function of the cell impacts on all other levels of life including organisms, ecosystems and the biosphere. For this reason it is essential for all biologists to understand the fundamentals of cell biology. In this course you will learn the basic concepts of cell function and how these are related to cell structure, which is in turn dependent on molecular structure and biochemical interactions between molecules. R: ENCH 281 BIOL 112 Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Semester 2 15 points See www.canterbury.ac.nz/courses for full details of each course. number of different viewpoints including the actions of individual cells and even individual molecules. Labs will cover aspects of histology, nutrition, skeletons and genetics. Examples of lecture topics include: Introduction to toxicology, nutritional requirements, human genetics and human evolution, molecular basis of diseases and their treatment, immune responses and drugs from plants. Semester 2 15 points This is an integrated multi-disciplinary course between the School of Maori and Indigenous Studies and the College of Science, studying Maori and other indigenous peoples knowledge and its relevance to today’s western science. BIOL 209 Introduction to Biological Data Analysis Semester 1 15 points Introductory statistics with specific examples for biologists. This course is required for all students in Biology. P: STAT 101 and 15 points of BIOL at 100 level. BIOL 210 Vertebrate Biology BIOL 113 Diversity of Life This course deals with the biology and evolution of the phylum Chordata and in particular the subphylum Vertebrata, animals with backbones. The course gives an overview of the phylum highlighting form and function and gives information on evolutionary relationships. 15 points This course provides an overview of the vast diversity of life on Earth. You will hear about the evolution, structure, function and importance of animals, plants and microbes. The first part of the course focuses on the diversity, reproduction and structure of bacteria, protists and fungi. The second part focuses on plants whilst the third part examines animals and includes discussion of locomotion, respiration, circulation, nervous and endocrine systems. Hands-on investigation of a variety of organisms in laboratory classes is an important part of the course. Semester 2 (term 3) 15 points Semester 2 15 points Human Biology is an introductory course that looks at the biology of Homo sapiens from a BIOL 213 Microbiology and Genetics 15 points This course will introduce you to fundamental principles of microbiology and microbial genetics. Microbiology is a broad subject and includes areas of fundamental and applied science. The course builds on and extends the brief introduction you had to the microbial world and genetics in first year courses and prepares you for third year microbiology (BIOL 313) and molecular genetics (BIOL 333). P: BIOL 231 or BCHM 202 RP: CHEM 112 or CHEM 114 BIOL 215 Plant Diversity and Systematics Offered in odd years, next offered 2017 Semester 2 (term 4) 15 points Systematics is the scientific discipline that encompasses the description, identification, nomenclature, and classification of organisms (taxonomy) and the reconstruction of their macroevolutionary history (phylogenetics). Knowing the identity and evolutionary relationships of organisms is crucial to any biological study and systematics is therefore an important cornerstone of Biology. This course is an introduction to the methodology and principles of systematics and patterns and origin of seed plant diversity. P: BIOL 113, or with the approval of the Head of School. RP: BIOL 271 P: BIOL 113 BIOL 211 Insect Biology Offered in even years, next offered 2018 Semester 2 (term 4) 15 points The biology of insects and other non-marine arthropods, with emphasis on environmental relationships and management. P: BIOL 113 BIOL 116 Human Biology P: BIOL 112 and BIOL 113 Semester 1 SCIM 101 Science, Maori and Indigenous Knowledge This is an integrated course, with a conservation perspective, embracing the principles of genetics, evolution, behaviour and ecology. Semester 1 the marine environment. Including description and analysis of marine communities and the biodiversity, ecology and behaviour of marine organisms. Includes a field trip. Semester 1 15 points Principles of genetics, including the structure of RNA and DNA, molecular replication, transcription, translation, recombination and gene expression. P: BIOL 111 or ENCH 281 RP: CHEM 112 or CHEM 114 R: BCHM 202, ENCH 480, BIOL 230 BIOL 212 Marine Biology and Ecology Semester 1 BIOL 231 Foundations in Molecular Biology EQ: BCHM 202, ENCH 480 15 points An introduction to the ecology and biology of www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 23 BIOL 250 Principles of Animal Physiology Semester 1 15 points This is a broad-based, elementary course in animal physiology providing an introduction to the principal physiological systems in animals, how they operate and how they are regulated. Topics include gas exchange, blood and circulation, osmoregulation and excretion, digestion, nervous and muscle systems, immunology, and endocrinology. The treatment is comparative although human and mammalian physiology receives greatest emphasis. Selected examples from lower vertebrates and invertebrates are used to illustrate physiological principles. communities and food webs, history and pattern in New Zealand landscapes, experimental design and field research. Field trip to be arranged. P: BIOL 112 R: FORE 202 BIOL 271 Evolution Semester 1 15 points An introduction to evolution: patterns and processes of evolution; mechanisms of evolution, adaption, speciation and extinction. Tutorials to be arranged. P: BIOL 112 P: BIOL 111 or ENCH 281 BIOL 272 Principles of Animal Behaviour BIOL 253 Cell Biology 1 Semester 2 15 points Mechanistic, developmental and evolutionary processes underlying animal behaviour. Tutorials to be arranged. Semester 1 15 points The course will cover membrane structure, membrane transport of small molecules and the electrical properties of membranes, intracellular compartments and protein sorting, intracellular vesicle transport, aspects of the cytoskeleton, the cell cycle and apoptosis. These topics will give the students a comprehensive grounding in cells as single entities. This will prepare students for an updated 3rd year cell biology course that will consider cells in their social context i.e. how they interact with other cells. P: BIOL 112 or PSYC 105 BIOL 273 New Zealand Biodiversity and Biosecurity Semester 2 15 points skills for field biologists, ecologists, conservation biologists, taxonomists, teachers, students, and plant enthusiasts, providing valuable training in plant identification, collection, and preservation. It will complement existing courses in the ecology and evolutionary biology streams as well as providing a base for further training in the specialised area of plant taxonomy. The course is run at the Cass field station and examples used will be from the montane and alpine flora of Canterbury - but most acquired skills will be transferable to other regions and other groups of organisms. This is a seven day residential summer course at Cass field station running 19–27 January 2017. P: BIOL 215 or BIOL 270 or BIOL 273 or subject to approval by the Head of the School of Biological Sciences. BIOL 309 Experimental Design & Data Analysis for Biologists Semester 2 15 points Advanced experimental design and statistical techniques for biologists. This course is essential for all students considering postgraduate study in biological sciences. P: BIOL 209 or other statistical background as determined by the Head of School. P: BIOL 111 or ENCH 281 and 15 pts of CHEM at 100 level An overview of the native plants and animals of New Zealand, including their biogeographic origins, the unique and unusual aspects of native organisms, the makeup of native communities, and their interactions with introduced organisms. RP: 30 pts of Chemistry P: BIOL 112 or BIOL 113 Semester 2 (term 3) 15 points R: BCHM 253 R: BIOL 114 This course extends material given in BIOL 213 and explores advanced food and agriculture microbiology, microbial disease and pathogenesis, immunology and anti-microbial therapies. Additional topics in the field of applied microbiology including bioremediation, biofuels and biogeochemical engineering will also be covered. The entire practical component of the course consists of a small research project. EQ: BCHM 253 BIOL 254 Principles of Plant Physiology Semester 2 15 points To introduce the principles of plant development, including the basic anatomy of higher plants, and how they grow, respond to external stimuli and reproduce, and to relate these concepts to developments in agriculture and biotechnology. WATR 203 Freshwater Science Field Skills Summer (Feb) 15 points A field and laboratory course which focuses on practical skills in identifying and measuring physical freshwater habitats, aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish and in analysing water chemistry. P: BIOL 111 or ENCH 281 R: BIOL 252 RP: Chem 114 P: A freshwater-related course of study or appropriate freshwater-related work experience subject to approval by the Head of the School of Biological Sciences. BIOL 270 Ecology BIOL 305 Practical Field Botany Semester 1 30 points Principles of ecology, population ecology, 24 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Summer (Jan) 15 points This course will focus on practical taxonomic BIOL 313 Advanced Molecular and industrial Microbiology P: BIOL 213 and BIOL 231 or BCHM 202 RP: BIOL 253 BIOL 331 Biochemistry 3 Whole Year 30 points Co-coded as BCHM 301 This course is designed to help you understand the chemistry and biology of cellular processes, including how biochemistry is controlled, how different molecules function and how studies and the study of gene expression. The course also provides students with a strong foundation in bioinformatics as a scientific discipline and as a set of practical tools for analysing and studying genomic data. P: 30 points from: BIOL 209, BIOL 231, BIOL 253, BCHM 253, BIOL 271, BCHM 221, BCHM 222, BCHM 202, BIOL 213, COSC 261, COSC 262, COSC 265, 200 level MATH, 200 level STAT. Students with no Biology/Biochemistry papers require permission from the Head of School. RP: BIOL 333 or BIOL 334 R: BIOL 330 BIOL 351 Cell Biology 2 Semester 2 (term 4) 15 points This course examines the relationships between molecular structure and organelle and cell function. It focuses on structure, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of cells. P: BIOL 253 biochemists seek the answers to such questions. The course aims to introduce you to modern biochemical ideas and research, and will include a substantial amount of reading from the biochemical literature, as well as from your standard textbook. The course is intended to complement courses such as BCHM 302/CHEM 325, BCHM 381, BIOL 330, BIOL 313. Tutorials to be arranged. in the pre-requisite courses BIOL231 and BIOL213. It provides in-depth coverage across the breadth of life with an emphasis on gene expression, gene concepts and biotechnology. P: (1) BCHM 201, or BCHM 221 and BCHM 222; (2) BCHM 202 or BIOL 230 or BIOL 231 BIOL 334 Evolutionary Genetics R: BCHM 301 Semester 2 EQ: BCHM 301 BIOL 332 Genetics and Evolution of Invasive Species Semester 2 15 points An introduction to the genetics and evolution of biological invasions, including the use of molecular tools to answer applied questions regarding the source and spread of introduced organisms. P: BIOL 271 P: BIOL 231 / BCHM 202 RP: BIOL 213 R: BIOL 330 An advanced course that builds on the conceptual frameworks developed in the prerequisite course BIOL 271. It provides in-depth coverage across the breadth of evolutionary genetics with an emphasis on population, conservation and quantitative genetics, phylogenetics and phylogeography. P: BIOL 271 Semester 1 15 points An advanced molecular genetics course that builds on the conceptual frameworks developed Semester 1 15 points This course highlights how a knowledge of plant development is necessary to drive new applications of plant biotechnology. Topics covered include the applications of tissue culture and genetic engineering of plants; examination of issues associated with the potential use of genetically modified plants; research advances and applied aspects of plant hormone biology, secondary metabolism, cell wall biology and disease resistance. The laboratories will provide skills used in plant biotechnology research. P: BIOL 254 or BIOL 253 / BCHM 253 or BIOL 231 / BCHM 202 BIOL 354 Animal Ecophysiology R: BIOL 330 BIOL 335 Bioinformatics and Genomics Semester 1 BIOL 333 Molecular Genetics 15 points BIOL 352 Plant Development and Biotechnology 15 points This course introduces students to the biology and evolution of genomes from across the tree of life, including the human genome and the genetics of human disease. It provides up-to-date knowledge of high throughput methods used in genome sequencing, genome-wide association Semester 2 (term 3) 15 points Comparative aspects of physiological adaptation to aquatic and terrestrial environments. Topics include osmoregulation, excretion, respiration, circulation, temperature acclimation, using both vertebrate and invertebrate examples. P: BIOL 250 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 25 BIOL 355 Neurons, Hormones and Behaviour BIOL 377 Global Change and Biosecurity BIOL 383 Behavioural Ecology Semester 1 Semester 1 15 points A discussion of major concepts in community and ecosystems ecology in the context of anthropogenic changes to the environment and pressure from invasive exotic species. Note: fieldwork is required. Semester 1 15 points The physiological basis of behaviour. Building on the introduction to Animal Physiology in BIOL250, this course will concentrate on the endocrine and nervous systems and develop an understanding of how these systems have evolved to fine-tune the behaviour of animals. P: BIOL 250 RP: BIOL 272 BIOL 371 Evolutionary Ecology Semester 1 15 points Advanced theories of evolution, emphasising the interaction between ecology and evolution, in relation to the evolutionary history of species and interactions among them. P: BIOL 271 BIOL 375 Freshwater Ecosystems Semester 2 (term 3) 15 points Advanced theories and concepts of freshwater ecology and their practical application to current issues. Field trip to be arranged. P: BIOL 270 and BIOL 209 26 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz P: (1) BIOL 270 or FORE 202; (2) BIOL 209 or FORE 222 / FORE 224 BIOL 378 Population Ecology and Conservation Semester 1 (term 1) 15 points Advanced concepts in population ecology, especially those most relevant to the New Zealand region and to the conservation of the New Zealand biota. Topics include life history tradeoffs, dispersal and metapopulations, species interactions, population regulation, population modelling, management of populations, and issues for species conservation in New Zealand. Note: fieldwork is required. P: (1) BIOL 270 or FORE 202; (2) BIOL 209 or FORE 222 / FORE 224 15 points The development and adaptive significance of behaviour with emphasis on the relationship between ecology and behaviour. P: (1)BIOL 272; (2) BIOL209 or equivalent preparation in statistics. RP: BIOL 271 BIOL 384 Marine Ecosystems Semester 2 15 points Advanced theories, concepts and applications of marine ecology to current issues. Field trip to be arranged. P: (1) BIOL 270 and (2) BIOL 209 or PSYC 206 R: BIOL 374 RP: BIOL 209 Key P: Pre-requisites RP: Recommended Preparation R: Restrictions EQ: Equivalent Course Biochemistry Courses BCHM 112 (co-coded as CHEM 112) Structure and Reactivity in Chemistry and Biochemistry Semester 2 15 points Structure, isomerism, stereochemistry, synthesis, and reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry; transition metal chemistry and electrochemistry. P: (1) NCEA: at least 14 credits NCEA Level 3 Chemistry, or (2) CIE: at least D grade in CIE AL Chemistry or A grade in CIE ASL Chemistry, or (3) IB: at least Grade 4 in IB HL Chemistry or Grade 6 in IB SL Chemistry, or (4) CHEM 114, or at least B Grade in BRDG 022. R: CHEM 112 EQ: CHEM 112 BCHM 202 (co-coded as BIOL 231) Foundations of Molecular Biology Semester 1 15 points Term 1 Principles of genetics, including the structure of RNA and DNA, molecular replication, transcription, translation, recombination and gene expression. P: (1) BIOL 111; (2) BIOL 112 or BIOL 113 or CHEM 114 or BCHM 112 or CHEM 112. R: BIOL 230, BIOL 231, ENCH 480 EQ: BIOL 231 BCHM 206 Organic Chemistry Semester 2 15 points The organic chemistry of π-bonded systems; alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds. The organic chemistry of carbonyl compounds: aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives; their reactivity, inter-conversions and use for C-C bond forming reactions. An introduction to ring compounds; the special properties of cyclic molecules and how strain affects their reactivity. An introduction to bioorganic chemistry; carbohydrates and the mechanisms of some important enzyme catalysed processes, including the biosynthesis of polyketides and some amino acids. P: CHEM 212 or BCHM 212 R: CHEM 242 EQ: CHEM 242 BCHM 212 Chemical Reactivity Semester 1 15 points Structures and properties of organic and biological molecules; application of kinetics and thermodynamics to organic and biochemical reactions; substitution and elimination chemistry; bioinorganic chemistry and electrochemistry. P: CHEM 112 or ENCH 241 R: CHEM 212 EQ: CHEM 212 BCHM 222 Biochemistry B - Metabolism; the reactions of molecules in cells Semester 2 15 points General principles of metabolism, particularly how the pathways are controlled in response to the changing needs within the cell. These general principles will be illustrated by an in-depth look at particular metabolic pathways, especially glycolysis and the Krebs’ cycle. Bioenergetics: membranes and energy transduction, the chemiosmotic theory, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis. BCHM 253 (co-coded as BIOL 253) Cell Biology 1 Semester 2 15 points The course will cover membrane structure, membrane transport of small molecules and the electrical properties of membranes, intracellular compartments and protein sorting, intracellular vesicle transport, aspects of the cytoskeleton, the cell cycle and apoptosis. These topics will give the students a comprehensive grounding in cells as single entities. This will prepare students for an updated 3rd year cell biology course that will consider cells in their social context i.e. how they interact with other cells. P: BIOL 111 and 15 pts of CHEM at 100 level RP: 30 pts of Chemistry R: BIOL 253 EQ: BIOL 253 P: BIOL 111 or BCHM 221 R: BCHM 201, ENCH 323 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 27 BCHM 281 Practical Biochemistry BCHM 302 Biological Chemistry BCHM 381 Biochemical Techniques Semester 2 Whole Year Semester 2 15 points Experimental biochemistry, synthetic organic and inorganic chemistry with an emphasis on preparation, separation, isolation, and characterisation techniques that are used in chemistry and biochemistry. Safety and library elements will be integrated into the course, biochemistry and chemistry options will be available. P: CHEM 111 or BCHM 112 or CHEM 112 or CHEM 114. R: CHEM 281 BCHM 301 (co-coded as BIOL 331) Biochemistry 3 Whole Year 30 points This course is designed to help you understand the chemistry and biology of cellular processes, including how biochemistry is controlled, how different molecules function and how biochemists seek the answers to such questions. The course aims to introduce you to modern biochemical ideas and research, and will include a substantial amount of reading from the biochemical literature, as well as from your standard textbook. The course is intended to complement courses such as BCHM 302/CHEM 325, BCHM 381, BIOL 330, BIOL 313. P: (1) Either BCHM 201 or BCHM 221 and BCHM 222; (2) BCHM 202 or BIOL 230 or BIOL 231. R: BIOL 331 EQ: BIOL 331 28 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 30 points Chemical aspects of biosynthetic pathways. Chemical biology of molecular recognition. Pharmaceutical chemistry, bio-inorganic chemistry, bio-physical chemistry. P: Either (1) 30 points from BCHM 206 or BCHM 212 or CHEM 212 or CHEM 242; or (2) BCHM 221 and BCHM 222 and either BCHM 212 or CHEM 212. 15 points Biochemical experiments and analysis such as transport kinetics, DNA sequence analysis and manipulation, lipid isolation and characterisation. Safety, bioethical and library elements will be integrated into the coursework. P: BCHM 281 or CHEM 281 R: CHEM 325 EQ: CHEM 325 Key BCHM 335 Biochemical and Environmental Toxicology P: Pre-requisites RP: Recommended Preparation R: Restrictions EQ: Equivalent Course Semester 2 15 points This course examines the effects of exposure to toxic chemicals, risk assessment, risk management, routes of exposure and biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. This course is the second semester of BCHM302/CHEM325 P: (1) CHEM 244 or CHEM 211, (2) BIOL 111 R: BCHM 302; CHEM 325 RP: CHEM 112 School Facilities The School of Biological Sciences has modern, well-equipped research laboratories. Our new research building Pūtaiao koiora has state of the art facilities to allow us to conduct research across a wide range of biological fields. Ecology laboratories are equipped to measure environmental parameters at the macro and micro levels. They include seawater, Antarctic and freshwater aquaria, as well as environmental chambers with controlled light and temperature. A large microscopy facility is also available for sorting and identifying organisms. Pūtaiao koiora, the new Biological Sciences research building. Animal physiological laboratories contain research equipment for neurophysiology, ion and water regulatory physiology, cardiac, respiratory and exercise physiology. Molecular genetics and molecular biology research laboratories are fully equipped for DNA, RNA and protein analysis, recombinant DNA techniques, real-time PCR and microinjection of macromolecules into cells. We also house the Canterbury Sequencing Facility and Ancient DNA laboratory. We have a microscopy facility which includes a confocal microscope. An extensive plant herbarium and insect collection are housed in specialist facilities. Plant physiology laboratories have research equipment for transgenic plant production, including comprehensive plant growth rooms and greenhouse facilities. Biochemistry and biotechnology labs house advanced tools for the study of macro-molecular structure and enzyme function. Prime Minister John Key views Dr Esme Robinson’s Antarctic fish physiology experiment. Microbiology laboratories have equipment to study the genetics, physiology and biochemistry of a diverse range of microbes. The School has a computational cluster for high performance applications such as bioinformatics and ecological modelling. Researchers can also access time on BlueFern® the UC super computer. Hannah McKercher (LLB, BSC(Hons)) is undertaking a PhD in protein biochemistry and is co-supervised by staff at AgReserarch, Lincoln, where she has access to additional specialist equipment. www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 29 Field Stations Research activities are greatly assisted by field stations located around the South Island and around the world. The most widely used South Island stations are at Cass and Kaikoura, but additional stations exist at Hari Hari, Westport and Mount John. Our extensive global collaborations also allow access to field sites around the world. Students of BIOL 305 stay at the UC Cass field station and learn practical field taxonomy skills in the surrounding area. Edward Percival Field Station, Kaikoura Cass Field Station, Mid Canterbury With panoramic views of sea and mountains, the field station has residential and laboratory facilities and is an ideal location for field studies of native birds, rocky shore ecosystems, and marine animal behaviour. The George Knox Research Laboratory includes a large general research laboratory, library, computer facilities, workroom, tank rooms and controlled temperature rooms, as well as a large covered working area suitable for algal culture and maintaining live animals. Situated at Cass, 105 km west of Christchurch in the mountains of the Waimakariri Basin, the field station has a research laboratory and associated residential facilities for hardy terrestrial and freshwater field workers. The Cass area comprises a wide range of environments – montane grasslands, scrub, riverbed, scree, beech forest, swamp, bog, lake, stream and alpine habitats. Close by, Arthurs Pass and the Craigieburn Range also provide accessible areas from alpine habitats to lowland and montane mixed podocarpbroadleaved forest of Westland. 30 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Scott Base, Antarctica In collaboration with Gateway Antarctica, Biological Science staff and students make regular summer visits to the Antarctic to work on mosses, lichens, microbes including algae, soils, fish, birds and seals. These studies can be extended at the University using environment controlled rooms in the Biological Sciences research building. Ngel Nyaki, Nigeria This field station is situated on the Mambilla Plateau in Eastern Nigeria, adjacent to the montane forest reserve of Ngel Nyaki. It is available for use by staff and students from UC as well as Nigerian and International Universities. Associate Professor Hazel Chapman leads the Nigerian Montane Forest Project, which is closely associated with this research facility. There are 15 full time research assistants based at the facility allowing for extensive data collection. Research Centres Biomolecular Interaction Centre Biomolecular Interaction Centre (BIC) The Biomolecular Interaction Centre (BIC) is a multi-disciplinary centre dedicated to the study of molecular interactions critical to biological function. Understanding biomolecular interactions is central to a range of fundamental sciences, new treatments for disease, and a wide range of highly functional products. The Centre was founded in 2007 at the University of Canterbury and includes researchers from the Colleges of Science and Engineering and partners with several New Zealand CRIs, Universities and Callaghan Innovation. In 2010, BIC received a multi-million dollar investment from the University of Canterbury to become one of two new premier research institutes on campus. BIC has 7 Principal Investigators and more than 30 Partner, Associate and Affiliated Investigators. These investigators are supported by 7 Postdoctoral Fellows and more than 30 Postgraduate students researching biomolecular interactions. The biomolecular flagship projects include investigating protein and peptide surface coatings, protein as building blocks and enzyme evolution and design. Together BIC supports a dynamic research environment for both staff and students. Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Biological Sciences The Centre seeks to develop the intellectual capacity to mitigate negative human impacts on essential ecosystem services, and maximise the sustainable provision of multiple services. Enduring solutions to the problems caused by human impacts must be multidisciplinary and cut across biological scales, from molecules to landscapes to the entire planet. By educating tomorrow’s trans-disciplinary, solutions-focussed scientists and policy-makers, we will effect lasting, positive impact on NZ’s natural environment for future generations The Centre for Integrated Research in Biosafety (INBI) Centre for Integrative Ecology (CIE) Innovative Research and Education Cross-scale, cross-ecosystem, ecologicallyfocused, the Centre of Integrative Ecology involves some of NZ’s best scientists and students. Our community of learners is united with collaborators and end-users in generating the depth of understanding required for effective and practical cross-ecosystem management. INBI is a multi-disciplinary centre devoted to career-minded researchers in the biological, physical and social sciences, philosophy, law, engineering and cultural studies. The primary mission of the centre is to produce graduates and professionals equipped to contribute to the global demand for research and expertise in bringing forth safe and effective biotechnologies. INBI actively collaborates with civil society and industry organisations around the world. We work on special projects with governments and the United Nations Environment Programme. We will assist you in building an international career. Centre of Excellence in Aquaculture and Marine Ecology (CEAME) CEAME is a joint marine research centre that provides students an opportunity to engage with University staff and scientists from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). The objectives of CEAME are to promote and enhance excellence in aquaculture and marine ecological research, to attract the best students nationally and internationally. Projects within CEAME include a broad range of disciplines such as mathematics and engineering, theoretical and conceptual issues of marine science, sustainability of cultured fisheries, and genetics based research.. Currently, our research focus is on the effects of agricultural chemicals on microbes and how to integrate science-informed research into public policy and communication. www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 31 Postgraduate Degrees Postgraduate degrees taken by students include a Bachelor of Science (Honours), a Postgraduate Diploma, a Master of Science, or a Doctor of Philosophy. BSc (Hons) MSc Honours is an intensive one-year programme designed for high achieving students seeking to fast-track to a PhD. A Master of Science degree comprises one year of coursework (part I) and a 12 month research project (part II). Honours students must take four 400-level courses and a research project. Any student who wishes to enrol for a research degree should contact an academic staff member of the School for further information and advice. Also visit our website (www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz) or contact us for a copy of the Biological Sciences Postgraduate Handbook. We recommend this option only for students with an A- average (GPA 7) or higher at 300-level. The MSc degree provides a solid grounding in the scientific process and provides sought after research skills applicable to a wide range of careers. This degree is also arguably the best route into a PhD because you gain more in-depth research experience than is possible during an Honours degree. An interdisciplinary course, Environmental Science, is also offered at postgraduate level by Biological Sciences, Geography and Geological Sciences. Details can be obtained from www.canterbury. ac.nz/subjects/envr/ or the Environmental Science Coordinator, Dr Sally Gaw, sally.gaw@canterbury. ac.nz. PgDipSc The Postgraduate Diploma of Science is a one-year program equivalent to the first year of an MSc. Students take four 400-level courses, but do not carry out research. See below for the list of courses we offer, full course details are on our website. The PgDipSc is a great option if you are unsure whether you want to commit to an MSc or if you want to extend your theoretical grounding in biology prior to entering the workforce. It is common for students enrolled in a PgDipSc to transfer to MSc part II providing they achieve a B average or better in their 400-level courses. Undergraduate Pathway Postgraduate Major PhD The PhD at UC is a research degree that typically requires three, but no more than four years of study. It is the highest academic qualification available at the University. Completing a doctorate is a mark of academic achievement and requires self-discipline and commitment. A PhD prepares you for an academic or research career and the skills you gain are increasingly sought after in the international job market. 400-level Biology Courses Any Science Background Biological Sciences or Environmental Science Full descriptions on our website Animal Behaviour Ecology or Biological Sciences Animal Physiology Biological Sciences BIOL 411 Research Preparation BIOL 412 Research Preparation BIOL 420 Terrestrial Ecology BIOL 423 Evolutionary Ecology BIOL 424 Community Ecology BIOL 425 Freshwater Ecology BIOL 426 Conservation Biology BIOL 427 Global Change Biology BIOL 428 Marine Biology and Ecology BIOL 429 Conservation Genetics BIOL 438Behaviour BIOL 455 Applied and Molecular Microbiology BIOL 456 Evolution and Dynamics of Biological Interactions BIOL 457 Macromolecular Evolution & Engineering BIOL 459Genomics BIOL 460 Molecular Biology BIOL 461 Protein Science BIOL 462 Medical Biochemistry BIOL 463 Cell Biology BIOL 481 Environmental Animal Physiology BIOL 496 Plant Developmental Biology and Biotechnology BiochemistryBiochemistry Biotechnology Biotechnology or Cellular & Molecular Biology or Microbiology Biosecurity Biological Sciences or Ecology Cell Biology Cellular & Molecular Biology EcologyEcology Environmental Science Environmental Science Evolutionary Biology Biological Sciences or Ecology Genetics Cellular & Molecular Biology or Biological Sciences Marine Biology Biological Sciences or Ecology MicrobiologyMicrobiology Plant Biology 32 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Biotechnology or Biological Sciences or Ecology Career Opportunities Graduates with bachelors degrees (BSc, BSc(Hons)) are employed as agricultural workers, biological and physical scientists/technicians, teachers, scientific sales representatives, environmental health officers, bacteriologists and zoologists. Employers include research institutions, regional councils, dairy companies, secondary schools, tertiary institutions, department of health, area health boards, pharmaceutical companies, medical laboratories, and meat companies. Potential Employers • School Biology Teacher - general science, biology, science advisors. • University Teaching and Research- technicians, research assistants Crown Research Institutes • Industrial Research Ltd (IRL)- microbiology, biochemistry, electron microscopy, genetics • Scion (Formerly Forest Research) - ecology, taxonomy, morphology, wood anatomy, wildlife biology, entomology, biochemistry, plant physiology, microbiology, genetics • Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd (ESR) - microbiology, biochemistry, environmental quality, electron microscopy, geonomics, forensics • Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) - science policy development Research Associations • Canterbury District Health Board - cancer research & cytogenetics unit, Christchurch - molecular/-cytogenetics, mutagenesis, microbiology, immunology, physiology, histology, biochemistry • Fonterra (Formerly New Zealand Dairy Research Institute) • New Zealand Logging Industry Research Association • Meat Industry Research Institute of New Zealand • Cawthron Institute - genetics, plant physiology & biochemistry, resource management, ecology, microbiology, freshwater & estuarine biology, biological survey • Aquaculture - salmon farms, mussel farms, management Ministries • Ministry for the Environment - resource management policy development, ecology, new organisms in New Zealand • Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) - ecology, taxonomy, morphology, wood anatomy, plant pathology, mycorrhizae, timber decay control, electron microscopy, wildlife biology, entomology Other • Christchurch Clinical School - clinical endocrinology, endocrine biochemistry, endocrine physiology (both in vivo and in vitro studies) • Regional Councils (Water Boards) - ecology, environmental monitoring and assessment, land inventory, resource management, phycology, microbiology • Department of Conservation - genetics, marine ecology, wildlife biology, ornithology, entomology, resource management, freshwater biology, plant ecology, conservation • Museums - ecology, taxonomy, entomology, ornithology, invertebrate zoology, science communication. Biological consultants; pharmaceutical companies; industrial microbiology; fish and game councils; salmon farms; dairy research; meat industries; food industries; –plus many more. • Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (GNS) palynology, palaeobotany, geobotany • New Zealand Pastoral Agriculture Research Institute Ltd (AgResearch) - genetics, animal behaviour, animal physiology, biochemistry, plant physiology, genomics, biochemistry, microbiology, ecology, entomology • Landcare Research NZ Ltd - land inventory, wildlife biology, ecology, microbiology, entomology, biochemistry, conservation, plant physiology, pollution, taxonomy, evolution, genetics • Plant & Food Research Ltd - plant physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, genetics, microbiology, marine science • The Horticulture and Food Crown Research Institute of NZ Ltd (HortResearch) - plant physiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, microbiology, electron microscopy, genetics • National Institute of Water & Atmosphere Ltd (NIWA) - fisheries biology & ecology, biology of marine & freshwater organisms, oceanography, pollution, water quality, limnology, biophysics, genetics www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 33 Contact Information Please contact us if you have further questions regarding our courses or research, questions for individual staff members can be sent via email using the format [email protected]. Head of School Undergraduate Advisor Student Advisor, College of Science Professor Matthew Turnbull Our advisor can offer advice and help you plan your biology degree Enquiries Dr Pieter Pelser [email protected] Phone: 364 2987 Ext. 45605 The Student Advisor is available to provide accurate and timely academic advice and assistance on course options and/or degree programmes in science subjects. Phone: +64 3 364 2500 Fax: +64 3 364 2590 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Postal Address: School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand Postgraduate Advisor Dr Marie Hale [email protected] Phone: 364 2987 Ext. 6739 Students in the behaviour lab (Biol 383) investigate cockroach nerve reactions. 34 www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz Anna Chapman College of Science Phone: +64 3 364 2987 ext. 3127 [email protected] University of Canterbury Contact Centre For more information about study options or an enrolment pack get in touch with the Contact Centre on: Freephone: 0800 VARSITY (0800 827 748) in NZ Or phone: +64 3 364 2555 Email: [email protected] Web: www.canterbury.ac.nz www.biol.canterbury.ac.nz 35 CP College of Education office Closed temporarily Security Student Services Centre Major cycle stand Heat and Eat Café or Bar Library Accessible parking Link parking Pay and Display parking Permit parking Contractor permit parking Bus stop Directory Pay and Display parking Permit parking Contractor permit parking College of Engineering office College of Arts office College of Business and Law office College of Science office College of Education office Closed temporarily Security Student Services Centre Major cycle stand Heat and Eat Café or Bar Library Accessible parking Link parking www.canterbury.ac.nz/theuni/maps CP I4 H4 B2 I3 I5 D5 G3 G5 H7 H4 H4 Café 101 – Psychology/Sociology Café 1894 – Puaka-James Hight Collective – Dovedale Village Hard Hat Cafe Ilam Campus Gallery – Fine Arts 2 Food Base – Ilam Apartments Reboot Cafe – Erskine The Foundry and Bentleys – UCSA Events Centre The Shed – Kirkwood Village The Shilling Club – Puaka-James Hight Undercroft Food Hall – Puaka-James Hight Cafes, bars and galleries UC Campus Map Bus stop Directory Kōtuku Erskine D4 D4 E5 F6 C3 F1 D3 Bishop Julius College House Ilam Apartments Rochester and Rutherford Sonoda Christchurch Campus University Hall Waimairi Village Halls of Residence A2 G3 Computer workrooms (24/7) A3 H4 H5 H4 H3 I4 B2 Jack Mann Auditorium A1 – A3 North Arts lecture theatres A4 – A9 South Arts lecture theatres C1 – C3 Central lecture theatres E8 – E9 Engineering lecture theatres F3 Forestry lecture theatre L1 – L2 Ōtakaro lecture theatres Lecture Theatres Central Library – Puaka-James Hight Education Library – Henry Field Engineering and Physical Sciences Library Macmillan Brown Library – Te Ao Mārama H4 G5 B2 H4 Bank, ANZ – Puaka-James Hight Health Centre IT Service Desk – Henry Field IT Service Desk – Puaka-James Hight Services H4 B2 I2 I4 Libraries The School of Biological Sciences is housed in the Biology building with teaching laboratories in the adjacent von Haast building. Pharmacy – Puaka-James Hight Postal Agency – Puaka-James Hight Recreation Centre Students’ Association (UCSA) – Puaka-James Hight Uni Bookshop Vice-Chancellor’s Office – Matariki A2 F2 Te Puna i Te Ora – Dovedale Te Whare Akonga o Te Akatoki – Ilam Whares H4 H4 I7 H4 H4 G4 Jul 2015 School of Biological Sciences: T: +64 3 364 2500 E: [email protected] University of Canterbury Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha Private Bag 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand www. biol.canterbury.ac.nz