Download Details of Cellular Respiration [respirations has 2 PARTS that NET

Details of Cellular
Respiration [respirations has
3 PARTS that NET 38 ATP ]
A. glycolysis (**glucose
splitting) (MAKES 4 ATP
total... but only NETS 2
ATP)
THIS
1. occurs in the
(**cytoplasm)
IS
2. no O2 is
needed for this part
ALWAYS 3. E in the form
of 2 ATP are used to
THE
break 1 glucose
1st STEP! 4. releases 4 ATP
and 2 pyruvic acid or
pyruvate
molecules are formed
5. 1 glucose yields 4
ATP, but 2 are needed to
start the process
(therefore, there is a net
gain of 2 ATP)
6C sugar (glucose) + 2ATP -----> 2 PGAL ------> 2
pyruvates + 4ATP
(each
PGAL{phosphoglyceraldehy
de} makes 1 pyruvate &
releases 2 ATP)
If oxygen IS available, then
the second step of respiration
is B. aerobic/oxidative
respiration
If oxygen ISN’T available,
then the second step is C.
anaerobic
respiration/fermentation
B. aerobic OR oxidative
respiration
1. occurs with O2 in the
(**mitochondria)
2. aerobic respiration
makes a total of 36 ATP
3. it occurs in 2 steps
a. Krebs cycle or citric
acid cycle (series of
rxns) (MAKES 2 ATP)
i. 1 pyruvate from
glycolysis goes from
cytoplasm to
mitochondria
ii. 2 carbons leave in
the form of 3 CO2
molecules
iii. 3 molecules of
NAD+ are converted
to NADH
(NADH =
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide)
iv. 1 molecule of
FAD is converted to
FADH2
(FADH2 = flavin
adenine
dinucleotide)
v. 1 molecule of GDP
or GFP converted to
GTP to make ATP
vi. for each glucose
there are 2 turns
through the Krebs
Cycle
b. Electron transport
chain (MAKES 34
ATP)
i. high E e- from
NADH and FADH2
are passed to series of
enzymes in the
mitochondrial
membrane
ii. @ the end of the
chain, an enzyme
combines electrons
from the chain
with H ions from the
cells fluid and O2 to
form H2O.
iii. O2 is the final
electron acceptor,
therefore O2 is
necessary for
obtaining E
from NADH and
FADH2
C. anaerobic respiration
OR fermentation- after
glycolysis
1. occurs right after
glycolysis only if there is
NO OXYGEN available
2. Clostridium
botulinum may be in
(**bulging) cans, don’t
buy dented cans
3. (**alcoholic
fermentation)- used to
make wine, beer, breads
4. (**lactic acid
fermentation)- occurs in
muscles when lactic acid
builds up; muscles don't
work well; cramps last
even after exercise stops
because it’s made faster
than it’s broken down
**The fastest mile is
approx** 3 min 43 sec
(Hichman El Guerouj from
Moracco, July 7,1999)
WHY can’t muscles work
faster?** takes longer than
that to get O2 to the muscles
ADV HW question
1 molecule of glucose has
686 kilocalories of E. Each
ATP stores 7 kilocalories.
38ATP are made when
glucose goes through
oxidative respiration. What
is the efficiency?
ANS. 38 ATP x 7
kilocal. = 266 kcal approx
38.7% efficiency
Cellular Respiration
(6O 2 +
6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O )
C 6 H 12 O 6
always
begins with
Glycolys is
o ccurs in t h e
cytoplasm
sp littin g
glucos e
pro duces
pyruvic acid
wh ich trav els to the
mitochondria
if
not
O 2)
is
present
Anaerobic Respi rati on
also called
oxygen(
present
Aerobic Respi rati on
fermentation
starts with
Kre bs cyc le
which may be
alc oholic
wine, bakery
lac tic acid
in muscles
which
produces
CO 2 , ATP ,NADH ,FADH
NADH & FADH
2 are used in the
Electron Trans portChain
which p roduces
water
(H 2 O ) and more
ATP
2