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What is weather? State of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. Describes conditions such as: air pressure, wind, temp. and amount of moisture in the air (variables of weather) SUN’S HEAT Sun provides almost all of Earth’s energy. EARTH’S AIR & WATER Sun causes evaporation Which forms clouds Which falls to Earth as rain or snow. Repeat :-) AIR MOLECULES Always moving Randomly – even when there is no wind. TEMPERATURE Def.: measure of the average amount of motion of molecules (kinetic energy) Temp – high – molecules move fast – feels warm Temp – low- move less fast – feels cool DEFINITION Air moving in a specific direction Measured w/ Weather vanes Weather socks Anemometer “a nuh MAH muh tur” AIR Warm – low atmospheric pressure Cool – high atmospheric pressure (denser - sinks) *****Air moves from regions of high to low pressure (cool to warm) Def: the force a column of air applies on the air or a surface below it. Instrument used to measure air pressure = BAROMETER Label = millibars (mb) Def. : amount of water vapor present in the air Warmer temps – move too quickly to come together Cooler temps – move slower so water vapor molecules stick together (condense!!!) Condensation = air is saturated DEF: measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air COMPARED to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could contain at that temperature. . Definition: TEMPERATURE at which air is saturated and condenses *** changes w/ the amount of water vapor in air. MiniLab Use Fig 3 ~ GRAPH Reading the graph How much water vapor is in the air at 15 degrees C? What temperature has 5 g/m 3 water vapor? Stratus Cumulus Flat white and layered. Form at low altitudes (up to 2000 m) Associated w/ fair weather or rain, snow Puffy, white w/ flat bases ~ piled up. Sometimes tower to great heights (2000 to 6000 m) Cirrus Thin, white, feathery ~ wispy. Made of ice crystals High – above 6000 m Different classifications of Clouds Prefixes: Cirro – describes high clouds Alto – describes middle Strato – low NIMBUS means “dark rain cloud” **associated w/ precipitation Stratus cloud near ground!! Air is cooled to dew point!! Reduces visibility. Def: water in liquid or solid form falling from atmosphere. 1. Rain: water vapor forms raindrops when air is WARM. 2. Snow: water vapor forms snowflakes when air is COLD . 3. Sleet: Starts as rain but air near ground is cold so rain freezes. (Made up of small ice pellets.) 4. HAIL: Pellets of ice BUT they form INSIDE the cloud. Sept. 22, 2010 Mrs. Edelen’s house! Compare Contrast Role of WATER VAPOR in atmosphere Relative HUMIDITY: tells whether day is dry or precip. will happen. Air Temp of Atmosphere: determines what type of precip. will happen Study Clouds: know what is coming Understand the water cycle. There are …. SIX Wind ~ direction and speed Temperature Air pressure Humidity Cloud coverage Precipitation READ SECTION 1 (if you haven’t already) Assignment: P. 456 (1-10)