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Weather and Climate Study Guide Test Date: Tuesday, March 3rd Meteorologist – scientist who studies the weather Atmosphere – layer of air around the Earth Condense – to change from a gas to a liquid Water vapor – when water evaporates it turns into water vapor Precipitation – falling water, such as rain, sleet, hail, or snow Students will need to know how a cloud forms. Clouds are formed when water is heated by the sun. The water evaporates and changes to water vapor. Then, the water vapor in the air rises up in the sky and cools. Next, water vapor condenses on dust particles, forming a cloud. If the water droplets in the cloud get large and heavy enough, they fall back to the earth as precipitation. Students will need to explain in their own words how wind affects the weather. Sudden changes in wind strength and direction can signal a change in the weather. Weather changes are often accompanied by increasingly cloudy skies. Wind carries weather from one place to another. So, if the wind is blowing from west to east, the east may soon have weather conditions similar to those in the west. Wind is created when air is heated, rises, and is replaced by cooler air. Temperature changes over the course of the day. Wind direction changes when air temperature changes. Wind from extreme weather (hurricanes, tornadoes, blizzards, thunder storms) can cause massive destruction. Students will need to explain in their own words the difference between weather and climate. Weather Climate what is going on outside in a particular place describes an area’s pattern of weather over at a specific time a long period of time what it is like outside now what it is usually like outside changes from day to day tells us what the weather has generally been like for many years can change quickly does not change from day to day Students will need to be able to identify the three main cloud types and tell what type of weather they typically bring. Cirrus Cumulus Stratus Picture Description Weather white, feathery, wispy curls high in the sky white, puffy, or billowy heaps look like cotton balls may mean rain or snow is on the way bring fair and sunny weather low layer grayish white clouds that cover the whole sky, making it look dreary stratus clouds near the ground are called fog bring overcast weather with mist or light drizzle usually Students will need to be able identify a climate zone by its characteristics. Polar Climate Characteristics Temperate Climate Tropical Climate very cold and dry all does not have located close to the year extreme equator temperature or found in the tundra very hot and humid rainfall and ice cap areas all year stays below freezing weather can change get a lot of rainfall quite often all year has all four seasons Dual Scale Thermometer Students will need to be able to read a dual scale thermometer and know that Celsius and Fahrenheit are two temperature scales. Student will need to be able to color in a given Fahrenheit temperature and give the corresponding Celsius temperature. Wind Strength Beaufort Wind Scale is a system to rate the strength of the wind. Students will need to be able to look at a picture and rate the wind strength using the Beaufort Wind Scale. Wind Direction Students will need to be able to determine the name of a wind, given the direction from which it blows. Winds are named for the direction from which they blow. Example: A south wind is a wind that blows from south to north.