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Arthropods Slide 1 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Trilobite Slide 2 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Arthropods 28-1 • They are the most diverse and most successful animals of all time. • Arthropods include: insects, crabs, crayfish, centipedes, ticks, mites, spiders, and horseshoe crabs • ¾ of a million have been identified • Have 3 times the number of all other animals combined Slide 3 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Arthropods • Have: • Segmented body • Tough exoskeleton made of chitin • Chitin made of protein and carbohydrates • Jointed appendages; appendages = legs, antennae, claws, wings, mouth parts, tails Slide 4 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Complex Organ Systems Respiration • Terrestrial arthropods breath through tracheal tubes, which are branching tubes that extend throughout the body. • Spiracles are the openings to the tracheal tubes Slide 5 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show • Book lungs- organs that have layers of respiratory tissue stacked like pages in a book, open to the spiracles • Gills – aquatic arthropods Slide 6 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Circulation • Open circulatory system Excretion • Malpighian tubes – sac-like organs that extract nitrogenous wastes from the blood and add them to the digestive system Slide 7 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Response • Well developed nervous system • Brain with connected nerve cells and ganglia • Complex sense organs Movement • Well developed muscle groups and nerve connections Slide 8 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show Reproduction • Terrestrial = internal fertilization • Aquatic = internal and external fertilization Growth and Development • Molt when the outgrow their skeleton • Molting controlled by the endocrine system; hormones Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 9 of 42 End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Slide 10 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Arthropods are classified based on the number and structure of their body segments and appendages—particularly their mouthparts. The three major groups of arthropods are: • crustaceans • spiders and their relatives • insects and their relatives Slide 11 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans Crustaceans Crustaceans are primarily aquatic. This subphylum includes crabs, shrimps, lobsters, crayfishes, and barnacles. Slide 12 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans Crustaceans typically have two pairs of antennae, two or three body sections, and chewing mouthparts called mandibles. Cephalothorax - fusion of head and thorax (chest)… Abdomen - is the posterior part of the body… Abdomen Cephalothorax Mandible First antenna Second antenna Slide 13 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Carapace – part of exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax Slide 14 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans In a crustacean, the first two pairs of appendages are antennae. They may have sensory hairs as in the crayfish or be used for filter feeding or swimming. First antenna Second antenna Slide 15 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans The third pair of appendages are the mandibles. A mandible is a mouthpart adapted for biting and grinding food. Mandible Slide 16 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans Decapods (crayfishes, lobsters, and crabs) have five pairs of legs. In crayfishes, the first pair of legs, called chelipeds, have large claws that catch, pick up, crush, and cut food. Walking legs Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cheliped Slide 17 of 42 End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods After the chelipeds, are 4 pair of walking legs. Slide 18 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans Along the abdomen are several pairs of swimmerets, which are flipperlike appendages used for swimming. Swimmerets Slide 19 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Crustaceans The final abdominal segment is fused with a pair of paddlelike appendages to form a large, flat tail. When the abdominal muscles contract, the tail snaps beneath its body. This pushes the animal backward. Tail Slide 20 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Barnacles are another group of Crustaceans. They are sessile, which means they stay attached to something. They have lost abdominal segments and no longer use mandibles. Slide 21 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Spiders and Their Relatives Phylum Chelicerata Horseshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, and scorpions are chelicerates. Chelicerates lack antennae. Slide 22 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Goat Milk Spider Silk http://www.sciencechannel.com/videotopics/sci-fi-supernatural/kapowsuperhero-science-spider-silk-genegoats.htm Slide 23 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerates have mouthparts called chelicerae and two body sections, and nearly all have four pairs of walking legs. Fanglike chelicera Slide 24 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Have cephlothorax and an abdomen. The cephalothorax contains the brain, eyes, mouth and walking legs. Abdomen contains most of the internal organs. Slide 25 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerae contain fangs and are used to stab and paralyze prey. Fanglike chelicera Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 26 of 42 End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Pedipalps are longer than the chelicerae and are usually modified to grab prey. Pedipalp Slide 27 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Chelicerae (stab) and pedipalps( grab) are appendages. Slide 28 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods They breathe using book gills (horseshoe crab or book lungs (spiders) book lungs Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 29 of 42 End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Chelicerates are divided into two main classes. • Merostomata includes horseshoe crabs. • Arachnida includes spiders, mites, ticks, and scorpions. Slide 30 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods They may not be pretty, but they are useful!! YouTube Clips Horseshoe Crab Spawn Horseshoe Crab Blood Slide 31 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Horseshoe Crabs Horseshoe crabs first appeared more than 500 million years ago and have changed little since that time. Have chelicerae,5 pair of walking legs, and a tail used for moving. Slide 32 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Spiders Spiders capture and feed on animals ranging from other arthropods to small birds. Slide 33 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders Have no jaws for chewing and must liquefy food before swallowing… Chelicerae inject venom into their prey. Then, they inject digestive enzymes into the puncture wounds. The enzymes liquefy the prey’s tissues. The food is then pumped into the spider’s stomach. Slide 34 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives All spiders produce silk. Spiders spin silk into webs, cocoons for eggs, and wrappings for prey. Silk glands Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 35 of 42 End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives They do this by forcing liquid silk through spinnerets, which are organs that contain silk glands. Spinnerets Slide 36 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Mites and Ticks Mites and ticks are small arachnids that are often parasitic. Their chelicerae and pedipalps are specialized for digging into a host’s tissues and sucking out blood or plant fluids. Mites – chiggers, mange, scabies Slide 37 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Mites and Ticks Some mites damage house plants or crops such as cotton. Ticks can transmit bacteria and cause diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. Slide 38 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Spiders and Their Relatives Scorpions Scorpions inhabit warm areas around the world. Have pedipalps that are enlarged into claws… Chew their prey using chelicerae.. Have venomous stinger on abdomen used to kill or paralyze prey… Slide 39 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Insects and Their Relatives Insects and Their Relatives Centipedes, millipedes, and insects are uniramians. Contains more species than all other groups. Uniramians (subphylum) have jaws, one pair of antennae, and unbranched appendages. Slide 40 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Centipedes and millipedes have long wormlike bodies composed of many leg-bearing segments. Insects have compact 3 part bodies and most are adapted for flight. Slide 41 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Groups of Arthropods Centipedes – Class Chilopoda- Have from a few to 100 pairs of legs. Most body segments bear one pair of legs each. Millipedes – Class Diplopoda – Each millipede segment bears two pairs of legs. May produce unpleasant or toxic chemicals. End Section 1 and 2 Slide 42 of 42 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall End Show 28–2 Click to Launch: Continue to: - or - Slide 43 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 The two main groups of chelicerates are a. spiders and scorpions. b. horseshoe crabs and spiders. c. horseshoe crabs and arachnids. d. arachnids and insects. Slide 44 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Insects are part of the group a. crustaceans. b. uniramians. c. chelicerates. d. diplopods. Slide 45 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Most mites and ticks are a. parasites. b. predators. c. herbivores. d. detritovores. Slide 46 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Which of the following is NOT a typical crustacean characteristic? a. either two or three body segments b. chewing mouthparts called mandibles c. chelicerae that paralyze prey d. two pairs of antennae Slide 47 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 28–2 Spiders differ from the other arachnids because they have a. two major body segments and six legs. b. three major body segments and eight legs. c. two major body segments and eight legs. d. three major body segments and six legs. Slide 48 of 42 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall END OF SECTION