Download 01 - ALCA

Biology II
01.1B
Medical Milestones after 1850
1865
• English surgeon Joseph Lister begins using carbolic acid as an
antiseptic in surgery.
• His dramatic reduction in death rates leads to doctors routinely
using antiseptics during surgery.
1870
• French scientist Louis Pasteur demonstrates that infectious
disease is NOT caused by “bad air” but by microorganisms
• He created the germ theory of disease.
1882
• German researcher Walter Flemming establishes that some
mysterious material is passed to daughter cells when a parent
cell divides.
• His work is a foundation of modern cell biology.
1890
• Emil Behrig and Kitasato Shibasaburo develop a diphtheria
antitoxin and discover antibodies.
• Elie Metchnikoff puts forth the cellular theory of immunity.
1895
• German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays.
1897
• German chemist Heinrich Dreser develops aspirin from plant
extracts.
1901
 Pathologist Karl Landsteiner discovers the human blood
groups A, B, and O.
1910
• German chemist Paul Ehrlich and Japanese bacteriologist
Sahachiro Hata chemically modify a toxic compound used to
treat syphilis.
01.1 History of the Human Body
1 of 3
5/7/17
Biology II
1921
• Canadian physiologist Frederick Banting and his associate
Charles Best isolate insulin.
1928
• Scottish bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming discovers that
colonies of the Penicillium notatum produces a substance that
destroys bacteria, thus discovering penicillin.
1944
• Scientist Oswald Avery performs experiments that provide key
evidence that DNA is the molecule of inheritance.
1952
• Dr. Virginia Apgar develops a simple test based on
appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration to see if a
newborn is in need of medical attention.
1952
• U.S. physician Jonas Salk develops an effective vaccine for
polio.
1953
• American James Watson and Briton Francis Crick discover
double-helix structure of DNA.
• They also discovered how it can replicate to pass on genetic
information to new generations.
1950’s – 1960’s
• 1954-U.S. physician Joseph Murray performs the first kidney
transplant.
• 1967-South African surgeon Christian Barnard performs the
first human heart transplant.
1970’s
• Englishman Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield develops the
technology for computer-assisted X-ray imaging.
01.1 History of the Human Body
2 of 3
5/7/17
Biology II
1973
• U.S. biochemists Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
successfully insert foreign genes into a bacterial cell, providing
the foundation for all future genetic engineering.
1978
• In England, Louise Joy Brown became the first baby to be
conceived by way of in vitro fertilization.
1970’s – 1980’s
• 1977-magnetic resonance imaging revolutionizes diagnostic
medicine
• 1987-positron emission tomography became available for
imaging brain abnormalities.
1996
• Researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinberg, Scotland
announce the birth of the ewe Dolly, the first animal to be
cloned from an adult cell.
2003
The Human Genome Project consortium announces the
completion of the overall sequence of the human genome.
2007
• Mario Capecchi, Sir Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies win
a Nobel Prize for their work in gene targeting in mice
2008
• Scientists at Advanced Cell Technology mitigate the ethical
debate curbing stem cell research by developing human
embryonic stem cell lines without the destruction of embryos.
Remember to:
Reduce, Recite, Reflect, & Review!
Study Flashcards & Notes 3 x 5!
01.1 History of the Human Body
3 of 3
5/7/17