Download Urinary System

Urinary System
Function of the urinary system
The urinary system removes certain salts and
nitrogenous wastes
Also helps maintain the normal concentrations of
water and electrolytes within body fluids
Regulates the pH and volume of body fluids
Helps control red blood cell production and
blood pressure
urinary system
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Anatomy of the major organs
functions and locations
A pair of kidneys which remove substances from
blood, form urine and help regulate certain
metabolic processes, located high on the posterior
wall of the abdominal cavity
1. Renal pyramid
2. Interlobular artery
3. Renal artery
4. Renal vein
5. Renal hilum
6. Renal pelvis
7. Ureter
8. Minor calyx
9. Renal capsule
10. Inferior renal capsule
11. Superior renal capsule
12. interlobular vein
13. cortical nephron (in cortex)
14. Minor calyx
15. Major calyx
16. Renal papilla
17. Renal column
Anatomy of the major organs functions
and locations cont....
A pair of tubular ureters,
which transport urine from
the kidneys to the bladder
Kidney
Vein
A saclike urinary bladder
which stores urine, located
in the pelvis
Artery
Ureter
Bladder
Tubular urethra which
conveys urine from the
bladder to the outside of the
body
Sphincter
Urethra
Pathway of blood within a
kidney
1.Blood flows through
renal artery
2. Interlobar arteries
3. Arcuate arteries
4. Interlobular arteries
5. Afferent arterioles
6. Glomerulus
7. Efferent arterioles
8. Peritubular capillaries
Kidney path
Nephron
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Nephron- Functional unit of the kidney that produces
urine in the process of removing waste and excess
substances from the blood, consists of renal corpuscle
and renal tubule
Renal Corpuscle- Filtration unit of vertebrate nephrons,
functional units of the kidney.
Renal Tubule- The part of a nephron that leads away
from a glomerulus, causes reabsorption and secretion.
The difference between the two is the corpuscle is used
for filtration while the tubule is used for reabsorption and
secreting waste away.
Nephron
Urine Formation in the nephron
Urine
urine composition
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Urine is composed mostly of water containing
organic wastes as well as some salts.
The composition of urine can vary according to
diet, time of day, and diseases.
In one measure, the make-up of urine is 95
percent water and 5 percent solids.
Urine contains the positive ions sodium,
potassium, magnesium, and calcium, as well
as the negative ions chlorides, sulfates,
phosphates.
Outside Influences:
Stuff you take can change the color
of your urine. For instance, some
medications, laxatives, chemotherapy drugs
and dyes doctors give you to diagnose
urinary tract infections can make your
urine darker than normal.
The Invisible World Of Urine:
You can tell a lot from looking at your
urine. But you can tell a lot more from
the kind of sophisticated urinalysis you
should be getting along with a regular
physical examination from your doctor.
Blood in the urine, a serious sign, is
often invisible to the naked eye. The
level of sugars in your urine may indicate
a risk for diabetes. When you’re at your
doctor’s office, don’t be afraid to pee in
the cup. It’s one of the best things you
can do for your health.
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Source of Urea and Uric Acid
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Urea- a by-product of amino acid catabolism or
breakdown. Consequently, its plasma concentration
reflects the amount of protein in the diet. It enters the
renal tubule by filtration, about 50% is reabsorbed, and
the remainder goes to urine.
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Uric Acid- a chemical created when the body breaks
down substances called purines which are found in
some foods and drinks. Most uric acid dissolves in
blood and travels to the kidneys. From there, it passes
out in urine. If your body produces too much uric acid or
doesn't remove enough if it, you can get sick. A high
level of uric acid in the blood is called hyperuricemia or
gout.
Process of Urine Elimination
Ureter- Extends from the kidneys to carry urine to
the bladder
Bladder- expandable structure that stores urine
before it is eliminated. detruser muscles attach to
the bladder and sphincter to control urination
Micturition reflex- the neurological pathways
involved in controlling the release of urine from the
bladder
Urethra- the tube that carries urine to the outside of
Fun
Facts
• Gout is caused from crystals of uric acid deposited in
the joints and other tissues
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Urine produced is usually between 0.9 and 2.5 liters per
day.
Kidney stones are composed of uric acid, calcium
oxalate and calcium phosphate.
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A kidney contains 1million nephrons
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Diuretic- any substance that increases urine production
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Uric acid is the cause of the smell of urine
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Ureters are 10-12 inches long which connect kidneys to
bladder
Cites
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http://www.livescience.com/27012-urinarysystem.html
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_pat
hway_of_blood_through_the_kidneys
Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and
Physiology
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_sala
din/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3/assets/images
/abm2s3_1.jpg