Download Ch. 6 Sec. 3 - J Go World History

Alexander
the Great
Ch. 6
Sec. 3
Philip II of Macedon
• In 359 B.C.
Philip II
became king
of Macedon &
brought a
new era to
Greece
• Philip II created a very disciplined army &
organized them into a phalanx, which were
rows of soldiers standing shoulder to shoulder
• 1st goal was to restore order in Macedon
• He then won control of many Athenian colonies
• Some Greeks saw
Philip II as a ruler who
could unify Greece,
others felt he
threatened their
freedom
• Demosthenes,
Athens finest orator,
public speaker, led the
opposition to Philip
• 338 B.C. Philip
defeated Thebes &
Athens at the Battle
of Chaeronea
uniting Greece
under his rule
• 336 B.C. Philip was
assassinated before
he could invade
Persia; Philip’s son,
Alexander,
succeeded him
Alexander the Great
• Alexander
received his
military training in
the Macedonian
army & formal
education from
the Greek
Aristotle
• Alexander first crushed
rebellions that broke out in
Greece after Philip II’s death
• 331 B.C. Alexander
completely destroyed Persia;
plus Asia Minor, Syria,
Egypt, & Mesopotamia
• He then tried to conquer
India & made it as far as the
Indus R. but tired soldiers
made him turn back
Beginnings of the Hellenistic World
• Alexander died in 323 B.C. at 32
yrs. Old
• Alexander purposely spread Greek
culture wherever his armies
marched
• Macedonians, Greeks, & Persians
often worked together to govern
the empire
• Alexander married 2 Persian
women; he required his generals
to marry Persian women
• The new “Greek-like” culture
became known as the Hellenistic
culture, which combined ideas &
values drawn from the
Mediterranean & Asia
• After Alexander’s death, 3 of his Generals split
his kingdom into 3 parts: Macedon, Egypt, &
Syria
• The kingdoms were often at war w/ each other
until the Romans conquered the Hellenistic
empire
• From mid 300’s B.C. to mid 100’s B.C. is known
as the Hellenistic Age