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The History of Biotechnology in Medicine
Osama O. Ibrahim, Ph.D.
Consultant Biotechnology
Bio Innovation
Gurnee IL. USA.
[email protected]
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• 500 B.C.: In China, the first antibiotic from moldy soybean curds to
treat boils.
• 100 A.D.: In China the first insecticide is produced from powdered
chrysanthemums plant.
• 1761: English surgeon Edward Jenner developed vaccination by
inoculating a child with a viral cowpox as a vaccine.
• 1911: American pathologist Peyton Rous discovers the first cancer-causing
virus.
• 1928: Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin.
• 1942: Penicillin is mass-produced from fungi for the first time.
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• 1943: Rutgers University professor Waxman discovered streptomycin.
• 1950s:The first synthetic antibiotic is created.
• 1951: Artificial insemination of livestock is accomplished using semen.
• 1952: The discovery of double helix DNA (J. Watson & F. Crick)
• 1958: DNA is made in a test tube for the first time (Arthur Kornberg).
• 1978: Recombinant human insulin is produced in E. coli for the first time.
• 1979: Recombinant Human growth hormone (HGH-Protropin) is produced for the
first time.
• 1980: Smallpox is globally eradicated following 20 year vaccinations.
• 1980: The U.S. Supreme Court approves patenting organisms.
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• 1981: Scientists at Ohio University produce the first transgenic animals
by transferring genes from other animals into mice.
• 1982: The first recombinant vaccine for livestock is developed.
• 1982: The first biotechnology drug, a human insulin [discovered in
1978] is approved by FDA and produced on large scale.
• 1985: Genetic markers are found for kidney disease and cystic fibrosis.
• 1986: The first recombinant vaccine for humans [HBsAg] for hepatitis B,
is approved by FDA.
• 1986: Interferon-α becomes the first anticancer drug [for hematological
malignancy treatment] produced through biotechnology.
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• 1990: The first successful gene therapy is performed on a 4-year-old
girl suffering from an immune disorder.
• 1992: FDA approves bovine somatotropin (BST), a hormone to increase
milk production in dairy cows.
• 1993: FDA approves Interferon beta1b (Beta-seron®), that have a
major impact on multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment.
• 1994: The first breast cancer gene is discovered (two abnormal
BRCA1& BRCA2). [The two normal genes produce tumor suppressor
protein that repair cell damage and keep breast cell grew normally].
• 1994: United States certified polio-free by the International Commission
for the Certification of Polio Eradication.
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• 1995: Gene therapy, immune-system modulation and recombinant antibodies
are entered the clinic trials for war against cancer.
• 1996: Gene associated with Parkinson’s disease [lack of dopamine] are
discovered (these mutant genes are: LRRK2-PARK2, PARK7, PINK1 & SNCA)
• 1997: A sheep named Dolly in Scotland becomes the first animal cloned from
an adult somatic cells, [somatic cell nuclear transfer process] .
• 1998: FDA approves the monoclonal-antibody (Herceptin®) [humanized IgG1
kappa], breast cancer drug for patients with tumor overexpressing the HER2
receptor (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2).
• 1999: A diagnostic test for identification of BSE (Bovine Spongiform
Encephalopathy known by “mad cow” disease) and CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob
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Disease) .
• 2001: FDA approves a first tyrosine-kinase inhibitor drug for patients
with chronic myeloid leukemia Gleevec ® (Imatinib).
• 2003: China grants approval of a gene therapy drug, Gendicine ® (a
recombinant Adenovirus engineered to express wildtype-p53 (rAd-p53),
as a therapy for carcinoma cells (head and neck). [Virus is designed to
treat patients with mutated p53 genes tumors].
• 2003: Human Genome sequencing was completed [1970s Fr. Sanger
developed method to sequence DNA, that was Automated in the 1980s]
• 2004: FDA approves antiangiogenic drug bevacizumab (Avastin®), for
the treatment of metastatic cancer of the colon and rectum.
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• 2006: FDA approves the recombinant vaccine Gardasil®, vaccine
against human papillomavirus (HPV6,11,16,18), [Capsid protein L1 expressed
in yeast], to treat infection implicated in cervical and throat cancers. This
was the first preventative cancer vaccine.
• 2007: FDA approves the H5N1 vaccine, [Egg Based Vaccine and Adjuvant
AS03 emulsion]. This was the first vaccine approved for avian flu .
• 2009: FDA approves the first genetically engineered animal production of
a recombinant form of human anti-thrombin (AT1). [thrombotic disease].
• 2010: Advances in stem cell technology. [stem cell therapy]
• 2010: Advances in 3-D bio-printing technology leading to Skin printing.
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• 2010:
The first monoclonal antibody interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R),
immunosuppressive drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
• 2013: The first antibody-drug conjugate (AHER2 DCdoxorubicin) for the
treatment of Patients with metastatic Human Epidermal growth factor
Receptor-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. [the drug name MM-302].
• 2014: Researchers were able to grow non-specific stem cells into
artificial mini-stomach.
• 2015: New experimental drug PCSK9 inhibitor (proportion convertase
subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibody), is a major advance in
lowering bad cholesterol (LDL). [Inactivate PCSK9 increase LDL-R]
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Thank you for your attention
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