Download Mesopotamia and the First Civilizations

Mesopotamia and the First Civilizations •
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Civilizations consist of: Cities ________________________ ___________________________ Art ______________________________ Class divisions _____________________ _____________________________ Civilizations started around_____________________. Why? • Good_________________ conditions • Provided fish and _____________________ • __________ ______ ________________________ • Easy to ____________ goods and ideas • Easily ___________________ from place to place Mesopotamian Civilization: Focusing on the Main ideas • Civilizations in Mesopotamia began in the valleys of the ___________________ and ___________________________ Rivers • • ____________________________ invented writing and made other important ___________________________________ to later peoples. • Sumerian ______________________________ lost power when they were __________________________ by outsiders. • Civilizations first began as __________________________. • The villages gradually grew into ___________________________ ______________________. Earliest ____________________________ started in the area between the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. This area is called _____________________________________ which means “ land between the rivers” It is also called the “__________________________ ______ __________________________________. The _________________________ __________________________ was a curved strip of land that extended from the __________________________________ ____________ to the ___________________ ________________. The river in the area often flooded in the __________________ leaving behind rich soil, known as __________________, for farming. FLOODING Floods in Mesopotamia were ____________________________ and _____________________________. _____________________ learned to control the rivers with ___________________ and ________________. They also used the rivers to _____________________, or water, their crops. As cities formed, the people needed plans and decisions made for the city. This led to governments being formed. • ______________-­‐_______________________________________________________ • ______________-­‐________________________________________________________ • _________________________________-­‐_____________________________________________________ During this time humans worried less about basic needs. Shelter Food Clothing People could do other things • develop _____________________________ • develop ________________________ • invent ways of __________________________ • create _____________________________ Farmers built: • __________________________ • __________________________ • __________________________ • ___________________________ • ___________________________ All to control floods Cause ________________________________________ Effect 1. Allowed plenty of _________________ to be _________________ 2. helped to support a __________________ population. SUMER • Region in southern __________________________ that had many _________________. • Each city was a ________________________________; they had their own ______________________ and were not part of any ________________ government. Sumerian ______________________ often fought each other. To protect themselves, the city-­‐states built _________________ around themselves. Cause-­‐City-­‐states were separated by ___________________ and __________ ______________. Effect-­‐ No __________________ or __________________________ between each city-­‐state. Cause-­‐City-­‐states fought_________ ______________ for (glory and __________________). Effect – They built _________________ around the city for ___________________________ Ziggurat • Sumerians believed in many _________________ (polytheism) and thought their ______________ had power over __________________ and human activity. • They wanted to please the ___________________. • So, they built ______________________________ (grand temple) in the _________________ of each city for their chief god. • It was ___________________ like a wedding cake. • On top was a _____________________________ place of worship. • Only __________________ or priestesses could enter. Government • _______________________ may have been the first to rule. • _______________________ later ran the government. People in Sumer • Kings and __________________________ • Farmers • Artisans/craftsmen (_______________________ workers that made metal products, cloth, and _________________________. • Merchants and __________________________(traveled to other ________________ and traded tools, _________________, barley for copper, tin, timber. • This lead to a ___________________________ of ___________________________. Social Classes • Upper class-­‐ __________________. priest, government officials • Middle class-­‐ artisans, ____________________________, farmers, fishers. (largest group) • Lower class-­‐ __________________(worked on farms or in temples) Slaves may have been _________________________________ of war or people who owed ______________. Roles of Society • Men-­‐were the head of the ____________________________ and were in charge of the ____________________________. • Women-­‐ had rights, could ____________ and ______________ goods, property and run ____________________________. • Could also be a _____________________________. Literature • Epic of ____________________________: world’s oldest known story. • An _______________is a long poem that tells the story of a hero • Gilgamesh is a _________________who travels around the world with a friend performing great _______________. After his friend dies, Gilgamesh tries to find a way to live forever. He learns this is only possible for the ____________. SARGON • King Sargon-­‐ 2340 B.C. __________________________ all of Mesopotamia when city-­‐
states of Sumer fought among themselves. • King Sargon was king of the _______________________ from northern Mesopotamia. • He set up the world’s first __________________ (group of many different lands under one ruler.) • His empire lasted for about____________ years. Cradle of Civilization • Sumerians’ ________________ and inventions were copied and improved upon by other peoples. • The SUMERIANS left a lasting mark on _____________________ history.