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Shoulder Muscles: 5 muscles Muscle Trapezius Deltoid Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major Origin Superior nuchal line; External occipital protuberance; Ligamentum nuchae; Spinous processes of C7-T12 Inferior edge of spine of scapula Lateral acromion Lateral 1/3rd of clavicle Transverse processes C1-C4 Insertion Superior edge of crest of spine of scapula; Acromion Later 1/3rd of clavicle Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Lower ligamentum nuchae Spinous processes of C7-T1 Spinous processes T2-T5 Supraspinous ligaments Posterior surface of medial border of scapula Posterior surface of medial border of scapula Posterior surface of medial border of scapula Function Elevates, rotates, retracts, depresses scapula .. (90-180) Major abductor of arm (15-90) Flexes and extends arm Elevates scapula Elevates and retracts scapula Elevates and retracts scapula Innervation Accessory nerve CN XI Sensory anterior rami C3-C4 Blood Supply Transverse cervical artery (br of subclavian) Axillary nerve C5-C6 Deltoid (br of thoracoacromial) Doral scapular nerve (C4-C5) Branches from anterior rami of C3-C4 Doral scapular nerve (C4-C5) Transverse cervical artery Dorsal scapular nerve (C4C5) Transverse cervical/dorsal scapular Transverse cervical/dorsal scapular Posterior Scapular Region Muscles: 5 muscles Muscle Supraspinatus Origin Medial 2/3rds of suprspinous fossa Deep fascia the covers muscle Medial 2/3rds of infraspinous fossa Deep fascia the covers muscle Posterior scapula adjacent to lateral border Insertion Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Function Rotator cuff muscle Abducts arm to 15 Rotator cuff muscle Laterally rotates arm Rotator cuff muscle Laterally rotates arm Innervation Suprascaular nerve (C5-C6) Teres major Posterior inferior angle of scapula Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on anterior humerus Medially rotates arm Extends arm Inferior subscapular nerve (C5-C7) Long head triceps brachii Infraglenoid tubercle on scapula Olecranon process of ulna Extends forearm Adductor, extensor of arm Radial nerve (C6-C8) Infraspinatus Teres minor Suprascaular nerve (C5-C6) Axillary nerve (C5-C6) Blood Supply Suprascapular artery (br of thyrocervical trunk) Suprascapular artery (br of thyrocervical trunk) Subscapular artery Circumflex scapular (br of subscapular) Subscapular artery Circumflex scapular (br of subscapular) Deep brachial (br of brachial) Anterior Wall of Axilla Muscles: 3 muscles Muscle Pectoralis major Subclavius Pectoralis minor Origin Clavicular head Sternocostal head: first 7 ribs Aponeurosis of external oblique First rib at rib/cartilage junction Ribs 3-5 Insertion Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus Function Flexion, adduction, medial rotation of arm Middle 1/3rd of clavicle Coracoid process of scapula Pulls shoulder down Pulls shoulder down Protracts scapula Innervation Clavicular head: Medial/Lateral pectoral nerves (C5-C6) Sternocostal head: C6-T1 Subclavius (C5-C6) Medial pectoral nerve (C6-C8) Blood Supply Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery Medial Wall of Axilla Muscles : 1 muscle Muscle Serratus anterior Origin Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-9 Deep fascia over intercostal spces Insertion Costal surface of medial border of scapula Function Protract and rotate scapula (90-180) Keeps scapula close to thoracic wall Innervation Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) Blood Supply Lateral thoracic (branch of axillary) Lateral and Posterior Wall of Axilla Muscles : 4 muscles Muscle Subscapularis Origin Subscapular fossa Insertion Lesser tubercle of humerus Latissimus dorsi Spinous process of lower 6 Intertubercular sulcus thoracic vertebrae; Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; Lower 4 ribs Also part of lateral/posterior wall of axilla: terres major and long head of triceps brachii Function Rotator cuff muscle Medially rotates arm Adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm Innervation Upper/Lower subscapular nerves (C5-C7) Thoracodorsal nerve (C6C8) Blood Supply Subscapular (branch of axillary) Thoracodorsal (inferior continuation of subscapular artery) Anterior Arm Muscles : 3 muscles Muscle Biceps brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis Origin Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Short head: Coracoid process Coracoid process Anterior aspect of humerus Insertion Tuberosity of radius Medial humerus Tuberosity of ulna Function Flexes and supinates forearm Flexes arm Flexes arm Flexes forearm Innervation Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) Musculocutaneous nerve Musculocutaneous nerve and small contribution of radial n. Blood Supply Brachial artery Brachial artery Brachial a. (also radial recurrent) Posterior Arm Muscle Muscle Triceps brachii Origin Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Medial head: Posterior humerus Lateral head: Posterior humerus Insertion Olecranon Function Extends forearm Long head: Extends/adducts arm Innervation Radial nerve Blood Supply Deep brachial artery Superficial Anterior Forearm Muscles: 4 muscles (medial to lateral: CPCP) Muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Origin Humeral head: Medial epicondyle Ulnar head: Olecranon & posterior ulna Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion Pisiform bone; Metacarpal V via pisohamate and pisomaetacarpal ligaments Palmar aponeurosis of hand Function Flexes & adducts hand Innervation Ulnar nerve Blood Supply Ulnar artery Flexes hand; Opposes shearing forces on skin in gripping Flexes & abducts wrist Pronation Median nerve Ulnar artery Medial epicondyle Humeral head: Medial epicondyle Ulnar head: Coronoid process Metacarpals 2 & 3 Lateral mid-radius Median nerve Median nerve Ulnar artery Ulnar artery Function Flexes hand; Flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints Innervation Median nerve Blood Supply Ulnar artery Intermediate Anterior Forearm Muscle: 1 muscle Muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process Radial head: Oblique line of radius Insertion Middle phalange of lateral four fingers via tendons Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles: 3 muscles (DPP) Muscle Flexor digitorum profundus Origin Anterior and medial ulna Interosseous membrane Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus Radius and interosseous membrane Ulna Insertion Distal phalanges of lateral four fingers via tendons Base of distal phalanx of thumb Distal radius Function Flexes hand; Flexes proximal and distal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints Flexes interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb Pronation Innervation Lateral half: median nerve Medial half: ulnar nerve Blood Supply Anterior interosseous (br of ulnar artery) Median nerve Posterior interosseous (br of ulnar artery) Anterior interosseous (br of ulnar artery) Median nerve Lateral Posterior Forearm Muscles: 2 muscles Muscle Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Origin Lateral supraepicondylar ridge Lateral supraepicondylar ridge Lateral epicondyle Insertion Lateral distal radius Base of metacarpal II Function Flexes elbow Extends and abducts wrist Innervation Radial nerve Radial nerve Blood Supply Radial recurrent Radial Origin Lateral epicondyle Insertion Base of metacarpals II and III Function Extends and abducts wrist Innervation Deep branch of radial nerve Blood Supply Radial Lateral epicondyle Extensor hoods on middle and distal phalanges of 4 fingers Dorsal hood of little finger Extends lateral four fingers Extends little finger Posterior interosseous (from deep branch of radial) Posterior interosseous Interosseous recurrent & posterior interosseous Interosseous recurrent Tubercle on medial base of metacarpal V Olecranon; Proximal ulna Extends and adducts wrist Posterior interosseous Ulnar Abducts ulna in pronation Radial nerve (via branch to medial head of triceps brachii) Interosseous recurrent Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles: 5 muscles Muscle Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Lateral epicondyl Lateral epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles: 5 muscles Muscle Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longis Extensor indicis Origin Superficial part: Lateral epicondyle Deep part: Supinator crest of ulna Ulna and radius (distal to supinator) and interosseous membrane Radius (distal to abductor pollicus longus) & interosseous membrane Ulna (distal to abductor pollicis longus) & interosseous membrane Ulna & interosseous membrane Insertion Lateral radius Function Supination Lateral base of metacarpal I Abducts carpometacarpal of thumb Extends metacarpophalangeal of thumb Extends interphalangeal of thumb Extends index finger Base of proximal phalanx of thumb Base of distal phalanx of thumb Extensor hood of index finger Innervation Posterior interosseus Posterior interosseus Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseus Blood Supply Interosseous recurrent (br of posterior interosseous) Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery) Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery) Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery) Posterior interosseous (branch of ulnar artery) Bones of the Wrist: 8 bones (Lateral to Medial) Proximal row: Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform (Mnemonic: Scaffolding under the MOON? TRY Pissing…ok, it’s lame, but it works for me) Distal row: Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate (Mnemonic: to Trap a Trapezoid, just de-Capitate a Ham…again, lame) Carpal Arch: Trapezium, Trapezoid, CArpitate, Hamate, Triquetrum, Pisiform Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: 5+3+3 muscles Muscle Palmaris Brevis Adductor pollicis Lumbricals (4 muscles) Dorsal interossei (4 muscles) Origin Palmar aponeurosis Flexor retinaculum Transverse head: Metacarpal III Oblique head: Capitate; Base of metacarpals II and III Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus Insertion Dermis of skin on medial hand Function Improve grip Base of proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb Adducts thumb Extensor hoods of four lateral fingers Sides of metacarpals Extensor hood; Base of proximal phalanges of 3 fingers Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; Extend interphalangeal joints Abduct 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal joints Medial 2: Deep branch of ulnar Lateral 2: Median n. Deep branch of ulnar nerve Extensor hoods of 4 fingers Proximal phalanx of thumb Adduct all fingers at metacarpophlangeal joints Deep branch of ulnar nerve Laterally rotates metacarpal V Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint Flexes little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint Deep branch of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve Ulnar artery Medially rotates and flexes thumb Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint Flexes little finger at metacarpophlangeal joint Recurrent branch of median nerve Recurrent branch of median nerve Recurrent branch of median nerve Radial artery (superficial palmar br) Radial artery (superficial palmar br) Radial artery (superficial palmar br) Palmar interossei (4 Sides of metacarpals muscles) Hypothenar Muscles Opponens digiti Hook of hamate minimi Flexor retinaculum Abductor digiti Pisiform; Pisohamate ligament minimi Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digiti Hook of hamate minimi brevis Flexor retinaculum Thenar muscles Opponens Tubercle of trapezium metacarpal pollicis Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis Tubercles of trapezium and brevis scaphoid Flexor pollicis Tubercle of trapezium brevis Flexor retinaculum Medial metacarpal V Proximal phalanx of little finger Proximal phalanx of little finger Lateral metacarpal I Extensor hood of thumb Proximal phalanx of thumb Lateral proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation Superficial branch of ulnar nerve Deep branch of ulnar nerve Blood Supply Ulnar artery Deep palmar arterial arch (br of radial a.) Superficial palmar arterial arch (br of ulnar a.) Dorsal and palmar metacarpal a. (br of deep palmar arch of radial a.) Palmar metacarpal artery Ulnar artery Ulnar artery