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Download Phylum Organism Medical Significance Gram NEGATIVE Rods
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Phylum Organism Medical Significance Gram NEGATIVE Rods Bacteroidetes Bacteroides species Proteobacteria Enterobacteriacae Obligate Aneaerobes Inhabit mouth, GI tract, & genital tract Cause abscesses & bloodstream infections Enterobacter species Normal flora of intestine Escherichia coli Normal flora of intestine Some strains cause UTI’s Some strains cause specific types of intestinal disease Causes meningitis in newborns Klebsiella pneumoniae Normal flora of intestine Causes pneumonia Proteus species Normal flora of intestine Causes UTI’s Salmonella Enteritidis Causes gastroenteritis Grows in intestinal tract of infected animals Acquired by consuming contaminated food Salmonella Typhi Causes typhoid fever Grows in intestine of infected humans Transmitted in feces Shigella species Cause dysentery Grow in intestine of infected humans Transmitted in feces From enterobacter species to here they are enterobacteriacae Yersinia pestis Causes bubonic plague (transmitted by fleas) & pneumonic plague (transmitted in respiratory droplets of infected individuals Proteobacteria Haemophilus influenzae Causes ear & respiratory infections & meningitis in kids Proteobacteria Haemophilus ducreyi Causes chancroid (STD) Proteobacteria Legionella pneumophila Causes Legionnaires’ disease (lung infection) Grows within protozoa Acquired by inhaling contaminated water droplets Proteobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa Causes burns, UTI, & bloodstream infections Ubiquitous in environment Grows in nutrient-poor aqueous solns & is resistant to many disinfectants & antimicrobial meds Gram NEGATIVE Rods (Obligate Intracellular Parasites) Chlamydae Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae Causes atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia) Acquired from an infected person Chlamydae Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci Causes psittacosis (form of pneumonia) Transmited by birds Chlamydae Chlamydia trachomatis Causes STD that mimics symptoms of gonorrhea Causes trachoma (serious eye infection & conjunctivitis in newborns) Proteobacteria Coxiella burnetii Causes Q fever Acquired by inhaling organisms shed by infected animals Proteobacteria Ehrlichia caffeenis Causes human ehlichiosis Transmitted by ticks Proteobacteria Orienta tsutsugamushi Causes scrub typhus Transmitted by mites Proteobacteria Rickettsia prowazekii Causes epidemic typhus Transmitted by lice Proteobacteria Rickettsia rickettsii Causes Rocky Mtn spotted fever Transmitted by ticks Proteobacteria Wolbachia pipientis Resides within the filarial worms that cause river blindness & elephantiasis in an obligate relationship Gram NEGATIVE Curved Rods Proteobacteria Campylobacter jejuni Causes gastroenteritis Grows in intestine of infected animals Acquired by consuming contaminated food Proteobacteria Helicobacter pylori Causes stomach & duodenal disease Neutralizes stomach acid by producing urease (results in breakdown of urea to form ammonia) Proteobacteria Vibrio cholerae Causes cholera (severe diarrheal disease) Grows in intestine of infected humans Acquired by drinking contaminated water Proteobacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus Causes gastroenteritis Acquired by consuming contaminated seafood Gram NEGATIVE Cocci Proteobacteria Neisseria meningitides Causes meningitis Proteobacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae Causes gonorrhea (STD) Gram POSITIVE Rods Firmicutes Bacillus anthracis Causes anthrax Acquired by inhaling endospores in soil, animal hides, & wool Bioterrorism agent Actinobacteria Bifidobacterium species Predominant member of intestine in breast-fed infants May play protective role in intestine of infants by excluding pathogens Firmicutes Clostridium botulinum Causes botulism Acquired by ingesting toxin-contaminated foods (typically canned foods that have been improperly processed) Firmicutes Clostridium perfringens Causes gas gangrene Acquired to when soilborne endospores contaminate a wound Firmicutes Clostridium tetani Causes tetanus Acquired when soil-brne endospores are inoculated into deep tissue Actinobacteria Corynebacterium diptheriae Toxin-producing strains that cause diptheria (frequently fatal throat infection) Gram POSITIVE Cocci Firmicutes Enterococcus species Normal intestinal flora Causes UTI’s Actinobacteria Micrococcus species Found on skin & other environments Often contaminate bacteriological media Firmicutes Staphylococcus aureus Leading cause of wound infections Causes food poisoning & toxic shock syndrome Firmicutes Staphylococcus epidermidis Normal flora of skin Firmicutes Staphylococcus saprophyticus Causes UTI’s Firmicutes Streptococcus pneumoniae Causes pneumonia & meningitis Firmicutes Streptococcus pyogenes Cuases pharyngitis (strep throat), rheumatic fever, wound infections, glomerulonephritis, & streptococcal toxic shock Acid-Fast Rods Actinobacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis Causes tuberculosis Actinobacteria Mycobacterium leprae Causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy) Characterized by peripheral nerve invasion Spirochetes Spirochaetes Treponema pallidum Causes syphilis (STD) Organism has NEVER been grown in culture Spirochaetes Borrelia burgdoferi Causes Lyme disease (tickborne disease) Spirochaetes Borrelia recurrentis & B. hermsii Causes relapsing fever Transmitted by arthropods Spirochaetes Leptospira interrogans Causes leptospirosis (waterborne disease) Excreted in urine of infected animals Cell Wall-LESS Firmicutes Mycoplasma pneumoniae Causes atypical pneumonia (walking pneumonia) NOT susceptible to penicillin (lacks a cell wall)
