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THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) CHENNAI-600014. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS 2008 - 2009 THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) B.Sc PHYSICS SYLLABUS 2008 - 2009 LIST OF CORE SUBJECTS FIRST YEAR – Semester – I 1. SUB.CODE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – I 2. FIRST YEAR – Semester – II BPHM 101 BPHMP 11 3. THERMAL PHYSICS BPHM 202 4. GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – II BPHMP 22 SECOND YEAR – Semester – III 5. MECHANICS BPHM 303 GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – III 6. SECOND YEAR – Semester – IV BPHMP 33 7. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS BPHM 404 8. GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – IV BPHMP 44 THIRD YEAR – Semester – V 9. SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND NANO SCIENCE BPHM 505 10. ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM BPHM 506 11. MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS BPHM 507 12. ELECTRONICS (ELECTIVE I) BPHM 508 13. GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – V THIRD YEAR - Semester – VI BPHMP 55 14. RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS BPHM 609 15. OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY BPHM 610 16. LASER PHYSICS AND FIBRE OPTICS BPHM 611 17. MICROPROCESSOR (ELECTIVE II) BPHM 612 18. ELECTRONICS PRACTICAL – VI (ELECTIVE III) BPHMP 66 SECOND YEAR - ALLIED – Semester - III 19. ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER – I SECOND YEAR – ALLIED - Semester - IV BPHA 301 20. ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER – II BPHA 402 21. ALLIED PHYSICS PRACTICAL BPHAP 41 2 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-I (I Year) Paper-I SUBJECT: PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS SUBJECT CODE: BPHM101 CREDITS: L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This subject is useful in engineering applications. It gives details about physical properties of materials. Experiments based on this create great interest. Unit I: ELASTICITY Stress – Strain diagram- Elastic moduli - relations connecting the three moduli- Poisson's ratio Bending of Beams- Expression for bending moment-Cantilever–Non-Uniform and Uniform Bending (theory & experiment) using pin and microscope - Cantilever Oscillations (theory & experiment)- I form of Girders (Qualitative treatment)– Twisting couple on a cylinder-Rigidity modulus by static torsion- Torsional Pendulum-Rigidity modulus and moment of inertiaExperimental determination. Unit II: SURFACE TENSION Surface Tension and Surface energy - Surface Tension determination by Jaeger's & Quincke's Methods - Angle of contact - Variation of surface tension with temperature - Excess of pressure over a curved surface - Inside spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles- formation of rain drops. Unit III: VISCOSITY Newton’s formula for viscous flow- Streamlined and turbulent motion- Reynolds number Poiseuille's formula- Determination of coefficient of viscosity- capillary flow method - Stoke's formula- viscosity of highly viscous liquids – Stoke’s method- Lubricants and its applications – Production and measurement of low pressure – Rotary pump – Knudsen absolute gauge – Application of low pressure. 3 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: ACOUSTICS SHM- superposition of two SHM at right angle to each other- Lissajous figures-BeatsDetermination of frequency using beats- Intensity-Loudness of Sound – Decibel-Free, damped and forced vibrations - Resonance- Reverberation- Reverberation time-Sabine's formulaAcoustics of buildings. Unit V: ULTRASONICS Production – Piezo-electric method and Magnetostriction effect (Qualitative study only) Properties-Applications-i. Industry - welding, cleaning, food industry, thickness measurement and flaw detection –non-destructive testing (NDT)- ii. Medicine – imaging and physiotherapy iii. Scientific – Molecular interaction in liquid mixtures-thermoacoustic parameters. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. D.S. Mathur - Properties of Matter, S.Chand & Co, Delhi. R. Murugesan - Properties of Matter, S.Chand & Co, Delhi Brijlal & Subramaniam - Properties of Matter, Eurasia Publishing Co, Delhi Brijlal & Subramaniam - A textbook of Sound, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi C.L.Arora - Waves and Oscillations, S.Chand & Co. M. Srinivasan - Textbook of Sound, Himalaya Publications D. S. Mathur - Mechanics, S.Chand & Co, Delhi Books for Reference: 1. C.J.Smith - General Properties of Matter, Orient & Longman 2. Resnick and Halliday - Physics, Volume – I & II. 3. Brijlal & Subramaniam - Waves and Oscillations. 4 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-I (I Year) GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – I (At the end of First semester) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 11 1. Young’s Modulus – Non-uniform bending – Pin and microscope 2. Young’s Modulus – Uniform bending – Optic lever 3. Rigidity Modulus – Torsional pendulum (without identical masses) 4. Rigidity Modulus & moment of inertia – Torsional pendulum (with identical masses) 5. Surface tension and interfacial surface tension – Drop weight method 6. Coefficient of Viscosity of liquid – Graduated burette 7. Sonometer – Frequency of tuning fork 8. Sonometer – Relative density of a solid and liquid 9. Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Newton’s law of Cooling 10.Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Method of mixtures (Half-time correction) 5 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-II (I Year) Paper-II SUBJECT: THERMAL PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE: BPHM 202 CREDITS: L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: A thorough knowledge of thermodynamics would create an awareness regarding the heat engines It will also stimulate efforts towards research and development further This subject is useful for engineering applications Especially students can acquire and face confidently towards problems that are complex and have endless chances. Unit I: CALORIMETRY Specific heat capacity – specific heat capacity of solids and liquids – method of mixtures – Barton’s correction – Specific heat capacity of gases – Meyor’s relation – Determination of Cp and Cv by Jolly’s and Regnault’s methods – Variation of specific heat capacities of gases Joule-Thomson Effect - Porous Plug experiment – Liquefaction of Helium – Adiabatic demagnetization – practical applications of low temperatures –Cryogenics (elementary idea). Unit II: THERMODYNAMICS -I First law of Thermodynamics – Heat engine – Carnot’s cycle – efficiency of heat engine Petrol & Diesel engines –Construction – working – efficiency of engines – comparison of engines. Unit III: THERMODYNAMICS -II Second law of thermodynamics – thermodynamic scale of temperature – entropy – change of entropy in reversible and irreversible processes – temperature–entropy diagram- Third law of thermodynamics. 6 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: THERMODYNAMICS – III Maxwell's Thermodynamic relations- Deduction of Specific heat relation – Clausius clapeyron latent heat equations – Variation of intrinsic energy – negative temperature (Qualitative) – Nernst heat theorem – Helmholtz function – thermodynamic potential or Gibb’s function – enthalpy. Unit V: CONDUCTION AND RADIATION Definition of thermal conductivity – thermal conductivity of bad conductor – Lee’s disc method-radial flow of heat-thermal conductivity of rubber Radiation – Black body radiation – Wien’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law-Planck’s quantum theory of radiation - Planck’s law – Stefan’s law-Deduction of Newton’s law of cooling from stefan’s law – solar constant – definition only. Books for Study: 1. Brijlal and Subramaniam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi. 2. R.Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath - Thermal Physics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi. 3. D.S.Mathur - Heat and Thermodynamics, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 4. J.B.Rajam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi. 5. A.B. Gupta and H. Roy - Thermal Physics, Books and Allied Pvt Ltd. Books for Reference: 1. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th Ed., CRS Press, NY, 1999. 2. J.B.Rajam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi. 3. Resnick and Halliday - Physics, Volume – I & II. 7 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-II (I Year) GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – II (At the end of Second semester) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 22 1. Focal length, Power, R and of a convex lens (UV & conjugate foci) 2. Focal length, Power, R and of concave lens (In contact, out of contact) 3. Spectrometer – of a liquid (Hollow prism) 4. P.O. Box - Temperature coefficient of resistance 5. Potentiometer - Internal resistance of a cell 6. Young’s modulus - Cantilever-Depression – Scale and Telescope 7. Young’s modulus – Cantilever oscillations – Microscope 8. Rigidity modulus – Static torsion 9. Compound pendulum – g and k 10.Sonometer – A.C Frequency (steel wire) . 8 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-III (IIYear) Paper - III SUBJECT : MECHANICS SUBJECT CODE : BPHM303 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: Mechanics deals with study of motion, which has immense scope as motion is an integral part of us. This paper is useful for engineering applications Students of Physics must have a clear knowledge of mechanics so as to enable them to understand the other branches of Physics especially the mechanics of microscopic bodies, Quantum mechanics. Unit I: GRAVITATION Centre of Gravity: Center of Gravity of a solid and hollow hemisphere, solid tetrahedron Newton's Law of Gravitation- Determination of mass and Density of earth. Determination of ‘G’ by Boy's Method – Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion - Newton's Law from Kepler's Law – Escape Velocity - Motion of Rocket - Orbital Velocity – Geo-stationary Orbit and its applications Unit II: IMPULSE AND IMPACT Impulse - Impact - Impulsive force - Laws of impact - Impact of a smooth sphere on a horizontal plane - Direct and Oblique impact - Loss of Kinetic energy - Motion of two interacting bodies - Reduced mass. Unit III: DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES Moment of Inertia - Angular Momentum - Torque - Conservation of linear and angular momentum - Kinetic energy of rotating body - Theory of Compound Pendulum - determination of g and k - Centre of Mass - Velocity and acceleration - M.I. of a diatomic molecule. 9 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRODYNAMICS Stability of floating bodies – Laws of floatation – Meta centre – Metacentric height of a ship Centre of Pressure - Centre of Pressure of a rectangular lamina and triangular lamina - Equation of Continuity - Energy of liquid in motion - Euler's equation - Bernoulli's theorem - Pitot tube Venturimeter. Unit V: CLASSICAL MECHANICS Mechanics of a system of particles - Constraints - Generalised co-ordinates - Principle of virtual work - D'Alembert's principle - Lagrange's equation from D'Alembert's principle - Application: simple pendulum. Hamiltonian function - Hamilton's equation - Physical significance of Hamiltonian function Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Narayanamoorthy - Mechanics Part I and II, National Publishing Company. D.S. Mathur - Mechanics II Edition 2001, S.Chand and Co. R.Murugeshan - Mechanics and Mathematical Methods, S.Chand and Co. H. Goldstein – Classical Mechanics, Addision Wesley Publication. P.K.Chakrabarthy - Mechanics and General Properties of Matter, Books and Allied Pvt. Ltd., 2001. Books for Reference: 1. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M. Sands - The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vols. 1, 2 and 3, Narosa, New Delhi 1998. 2. D.Halliday, R.Resnick and J.Walker - Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edition, Wiley, Newyork, 2001. 10 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-III (II Year) GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – III (At the end of Third semester) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 33 1. Melde’s string – Frequency, S.G of a solid and liquid 2. Specific heat capacity – Joule’s calorimeter – Half time correction 3. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc method 4. Spectrometer – Refractive index of a glass prism – i-d curve 5. Spectrometer – Grating N and - Normal incidence method 6. Spectrometer – Grating N and - Minimum deviation method 7. Air wedge – Thickness of a wire 8. Young’s modulus - Koenig’s method-Non-uniform bending 9. Newton’s rings - R1, R2 and of a convex lens 10. Field along the axis of a circular coil – Deflection Magnetometer – BH & M 11 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester- IV (II Year) Paper - IV SUBJECT : ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE : BPHM404 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: Atomic and Nuclear Physics finds application in Nuclear reactors. Nuclear energy has got a great significance in the present scenario.; This paper gives ideas about radio activity, which has got industrial, medical, research applications etc. This paper gives ideas about Elementary particles, which is the basis of High Energy Particle Physics. Unit I : ATOMIC STRUCTURE Vector atom model – electron spin- Spatial quantisation -Pauli's exclusion principle - Various quantum numbers - Angular momentum and magnetic moment of electron – Bohr magnetron L-S and J-J coupling –Interval rule - Selection rules - Intensity rule – Stern-Gerlach experiment. Unit II: ATOMIC SPECTRA Excitation and Ionization potentials - Davis and Goucher's method - Spectral terms and notations - Lande's 'g' factor and explanation of splitting of D1 and D2 lines of Sodium, Paschen-Back effect - Stark effect - Fine structure of sodium D lines - Zeeman effect - Larmor's theorem – Debye’s explanation of normal Zeeman effect- Anomalous, Zeeman effect (Qualitative explanation. Unit III: RADIO ACTIVITY Natural radio activity - Transcient and secular equilibria - Alpha rays - Characteristics - GeigerNuttal law - ray spectra - Gammow's theory of decay (qualitative study) - Beta rays Characteristics - Beta ray spectra - Neutrino hypothesis - Violation of parity conservation Experimental verification with Co60 gamma rays and internal conversion - Nuclear isomerism. 12 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: NUCLEAR REACTIONS Conservation laws of Nuclear reaction - Kinematics – Impact parameter Q value - Threshold energy - Cross section - Artificial radio activity - Radio isotopes and its uses - Classification of neutrons - Nuclear spin- Liquid drop model-Shell model and magic numbers. Unit V: ELEMENTRAY PARTICLES AND COSMIC RAYS Classification of elementary particles - Fundamental interactions - Elementary particle quantum numbers - Isospin and strangness quantum number - Conservation laws and symmetry –Quarks - Quark model (Elementary ideas only).Origin and nature of cosmic rays- primary and secondary cosmic rays- Latitude effect-Altitude effect. Books for Study: 1. R. Murugesan (2002) - Modern Physics, Tenth edition S.Chand and Co. New Delhi 110 005. 2. N. Subramaniam and Brijalal - Atomic Nuclear Physics, S.Chand & Co, 5th Edition, 2000. 3. Arthur Beiser- Concepts of Modern Physics. 4. A.B. Gupta and Dipak Ghosh - Atomic Physics, Books and Allied Publishers. 5. Roy and Nigam, - Nuclear Physics (1967) First edition, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi - 110 001. Books for Reference: 1. Tayal, D.C.2000 - Nuclear Physics, Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai 400 004. 2. Irving Kaplan (1962) Nuclear Physics, Second Edition, Oxford & IBH Publish & Co, New Delhi - 110 001. 3. Sehgal and Chopra - Modern Physics, Sultan Chand Publication. 4. J.B. Rajam - Atomic Physics. 13 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-IV (II Year) GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – IV (At the end of Fourth semester) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 44 1. Deflection magnetometer Tan C position and Vibration magnetometer - m & BH 2. BH – Copper Voltmeter and tangent galvanometer. 3. Carey Foster’s bridge – Temperature coefficient of resistance. 4. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter 5. Potentiometer – Ammeter calibration(High range) 6. Potentiometer – Resistance and Specific resistance of a wire 7. Figure of Merit of galvanometer –Table galvanometer 8. Spectrometer – i – i’ curve 9. Field along the axis of the circular coil – Vibration Magnetic Needle 10. B.G. – Figure of Merit (for charge) 14 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) Paper-V SUBJECT : SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND NANO SCIENCE SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 505 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This paper deals with the basic principles of Physics which are applied to study of solids, the relationship between structure and property is brought out in this paper. This paper serves as pre-requisite to study the optional subjects such as materials science, nano science, etc. This paper is useful for engineering applications Unit I : BONDING AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Bondings in crystals – ionic, covalent, hydrogen and metallic bondings. Van der Walls interactions. Crystal structure – crystal lattice – primitive and unit cell – basic symmetry elements and operations – translational symmetry – Bravais space lattices – simple cubic, body centered cubic and face centered cubic structures with an example in each – Miller indices. Unit II : X-RAY DIFFRACTION X – ray diffraction – Bragg’s law – Laue method, powder crystal and rotating crystal methods – concept of reciprocal lattice (Qualitative) Crystal imperfections – point defects – Scottky & Frenkel defects – line defects – edge & screw dislocations – surface defects – grain & tilt boundaries – volume defects – effects of crystal defects 15 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III : THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Thermal properties – lattice vibrations - phonons of monoatomic one dimensional lattice – Einstein and Debye’s theory of specific heat capacity – thermal conductivity of solids (qualitative) Electrical properties – electron theory of solids – classical free electron theory – merits & demerits – electrical conductivity of metal – quantum theory of free electron – salient features of free electron theory – Wiedmann Franz law – Lorentz number. Unit IV : MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES Magnetic properties – Langevin’s theory of dia and Para magnetism (qualitative treatment) – Weiss theory of Para magnetism – Heisenberg’s internal field and quantum theory of ferromagnetism - hysterisis Dielectric properties – types of dielectric materials – different types of electric polarization – dielectric loss (qualitative) – local field or internal field – Clausius Mossotti equation. Unit V : BASIC PRINCIPLE OF NANO SCIENCE Fundamentals – Molecular & Atom size – Atom Manipulation – Nanodots – Nano materials – Basic principle of preparation methods – Plasma, CVD, Sol-gels, Ball Milling – Applications in Industrial & Medical fields – Carbon Nanotubes (Elementary ideas) – Properties – Conductivity, Strength & Elasticity – Uses of Nanotubes – Elementary ideas of Nanofabrication – Optical Lithography, Electron beam Lithography, Atomic Lithography & Molecular Beam Epitaxy. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kittel - Introduction to solid state physics, Wiley and Sons, 7th edition. M. Arumugam - Materials Science, Anuradha publishers. S. O. Pillai - Solid State Physics, Narosa publication A.J. Dekker - Solid State Physics, McMillan India Ltd. Mic Wilson, Kamali, Michelli & Burkharb – Nanotechnology –Basic Science and Emerging Technologies, Overseas Press India Pvy. Ltd. Books for Reference: 1. Raghavan - Materials science and Engineering, PHI 2. Azaroff - Introduction to solids, TMH 3. Arthur Beiser - Concepts of Modern physics, TMH, 5th edition, 1997. 16 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) Paper-VI SUBJECT : ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 506 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: The domain of electricity and magnetism extends over the whole of nature. The concepts taught through the course can be applied to several fields of relevance like Optics, Material science, Biophysics, Atomic physics, Nuclear physics etc. Theoretical and practical skills developed can be used in industrial applications Unit I: CAPACITORS AND THERMO ELECTRICITY Capacitor- spherical and cylindrical capacitor with dielectric- Kirchoff’s laws- high range voltmeter- carey Foster bridge- temperature coefficient of resistance- Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effect - Laws of thermoelectric circuits - Measurement of thermo emf by potentiometer-Thomson and Peltier coefficient - Thermoelectric diagrams - Applications to thermodynamics. Unit II: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT Biot and Savart's rule - application to straight conductor, circular coil and solenoid - tangent galvanometer - Ampere’s circuital law - Force on a current element by magnetic field - Fleming Left hand rule- force between two infinitely long conductors- Ampere- force on a chargeLorentz force- theory of moving coil galvanometer damping correction. – Faraday and Lenz laws- self-induction - coefficient of self inductance of solenoid – Anderson’s method - mutual induction - coefficient of mutual inductance of a solenoid inductor- coefficient of coupling. 17 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III: TRANSIENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT Growth and decay in an inductive circuit- growth and decay in a capacitative circuitdetermination of high resistance by leakage- growth and decay of charge in an LCR circuitEMF induced in coil rotating in a magnetic field- peak, average and rms value of ac- phasor diagrams- series and parallel resonant circuits power factor- choke coil transformers three phase ac- dynamos- motors. Unit IV: MAGNETISM Deflection magnetometer- vibration magnetometer- its uses- determination of M and BHMagnetic induction B – Magnetisation M - Retalion between B,H and M - Magnetic Susceptibility - hysteresis BH Curve - energy loss due to hysteresis - Importance of hysteresis curves- Earth’s magnetism- magnetic element- uses of dip circle Unit V: MAXWELLS EQUATION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Maxwell’s Equation - Maxwell Equation and Magnetic charge, Maxwell Equation inside matter, boundary conditions. Electromagnetic waves - Wave equation in one dimension sinusoidal (linear combination and sinusoidal waves). Books for Study and Reference 1. Sehgal D.L., Chopra K.L, Sehgal N.K., - Electricity and Magnetism, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. 2. M. Narayanamurthy and N.Nagarathnam, Electricity and Magnetism, 4th Edn, National Publishing Co., Meerut. 3. Brijlal and Subramanian, Electricity and Magnetism, 6th Edn., Ratan & Prakash,Agra. 4. Brijlal, N.Subramanyan and Jivan Seshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics (2005), Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi. 5. Murugeshan, R., - Electricity and Magnetism, 8th Edn, 2006, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi. Books for Reference: 1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 2nd Edn. 1997, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 2. D. Halliday, R. Resnik and J. Walker - Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edn., Wiley, NY, 2001. 18 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) Paper-VII SUBJECT : MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 507 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: Vector calculus is needed for the understanding and developing of Electromagnetic theory. Matrix Analysis needed for the understanding the Quantum Mechanics. Eigen values and Eigen vectors concepts are widely applied in various branches of Physics like quantum mechanics and solid state physics. Functions of Complex variables and Fourier analysis occur frequently in all branches of physics. This paper deals with various Mathematical techniques which are useful in engineering applications. Unit I: VECTOR CALCULUS The derivative of a vector – gradient – integration of vector functions – Gauss’s divergence theorem – Stoke’s theorem – Green’s theorem – simple applications Unit II: LINEAR VECTOR SPACE AND MATRICES Definition of a linear vector space – linear independence, basis and dimension – scalar product – orthonormal basis – linear operators – Matrices real symmetric – orthogonal, unitary and Hermitian matrices – eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix – Cayley-Hamilton theorem – diagonalization of 2x2 and 3x3 real symmetric matrices Unit III: COMPLEX VARIABLES Introduction – functions of a complex variable – Cauchy-Riemann equations – Cauchy’s integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor’s and Laurentz series – singularities and their classification – Cauchy’s residue theorem – evaluation of definite integrals around unit circle 19 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS Solutions of first order differential equations – method of separation of variables – initial conditions - solutions of second order differential equations with constant and variable coefficients – initial conditions – Gamma and Beta functions – series solutions for Bessel and Hermite polynomials Unit V: Fourier series and Transforms Dritchlet’s conditions – expansion of f(x) as Fourier series in the interval (0, 2) and (-, ) – half range Fourier series – change of interval – Fourier integral – Complex Fourier transform – Fourier cosine and sine transform – Fourier transform of derivatives and integrals – Convolution theorem – Inverse Fourier transform - applications Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Mathematical Physics – Sathyaprakash, S.Chand &Co., New Delhi. Mathematical Physics – P.K.Chattopadhyay, New Age International Publishers. Mathematical Physics – B.D.Gupta. Mathematical Physics – H.K.Dass, S.Chand &Co, New Delhi. Introduction to Mathematical Physics – Charlie Harper, Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Books for Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4. Complex Analysis – Churchill Vector space & Matrices – J.C.Jain, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Advanced Engineering Mathematics –E.Kreyszig,Wiley Publishers, New York Mathematical Physics – Schaum Series, Murray R.Spiegel, McGraw Hill Pub. 20 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) Paper- VIII SUBJECT: ELECTRONICS (Elective I) SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 508 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This paper deals with : The basic concepts of physics of semiconductors. Basic principles of biasing and transistor amplifiers The construction of Oscillators. Working of some special devices Fundamental concepts of digital electronics Basics of some simple combinational digital circuits Introduction to Digital fundamentals Various combinational circuits Unit I: TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS Transistor biasing – voltage divider method – two-port representation – h-parameters (analysis for CE mode only) – current gain, voltage gain, input and output impedances and power gain - RC coupled amplifier – frequency response – feedback amplifiers – positive and negative feedback Unit II: OSCILLATORS & SPECIAL DEVICES Barkaushen criterion – Colpitts, Hartley and Wien Bridge oscillators – expression for frequency of oscillation and condition for oscillation in each case - FET – UJT – SCR – construction, characteristics and working – UJT relaxation oscillator 21 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS Op-amp – characteristics – parameters – inverting and non-inverting amplifiers – unity follower – summing and difference amplifiers – differentiator and integrator – astable multivibrator(square wave generator) – Wien’s Bridge oscillator(sine wave generator) D/A converter – binary weighted resistor method and R-2R ladder method – A/D converter – counter type and successive approximation technique Unit IV: DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS Number system – decimal, binary and hexadecimal systems – conversions – binary addition and subtraction (1’s and 2’s complements) – Logic gates – AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and ExOR gates – NAND, NOR as universal gates – De Morgan’s theorem – Boolean Algebra – Karnaugh Map - simplification Unit V: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS Arithmetic circuits - half adder, full adder – parallel binary adder – 8421 BCD adder – half subtractor, full subtractor – parallel binary subtractor. Flip-flops – RS flip-flop, clocked RS flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, JK master-slave flipflop. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. V.K.Mehta - Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Co. Ltd., 2004. Malvino and Leach - Digital Principles and applications. V.Vijayendran- Integrated Electronics, S.Vishwanathan Publishers, Chennai. Bagde and S.P.Singh - Elements of Electronics. Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill. Books for Reference: 1. B.Grob - Basic Electronics, 6th edition, McGraw Hill, NY, 1989. 2. Malvino - Electronic Principles, Tata McGraw Hill. 3. Herbert Taub and Donald schilling - Digital Integrated Electronics, McGraw Hill, NY. 4. Ramakant A. - Opamp principles and linear integrated circuits, Gaykward 22 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – V (At the end of Fifth semester) (Any Sixteen Experiments) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 55 1. Spectrometer - Cauchy’s constants. 2. EMF of a thermocouple- Mirror galvanometer (Table galvanometer).. 3. Potentiometer - emf of a thermocouple. 4. Potentiometer - Calibration of high range voltmeter 5. Potentiometer - Temperature coefficient of resistance of a thermistor. 6. Conversion of a milliammeter into a voltmeter & ammeter of various ranges and ohm-meter 7. B. G. - Absolute capacitance of a capacitor. 8. B. G. - Comparisons of capacitances. 9. B. G. - Comparison of mutual inductances. 10.B. G. - Absolute mutual inductances 11.B.G. - Comparison of EMFs. 12.B.G. - Internal resistance of a cell. 13. Bridge rectifier – Zener diode regulated power supply Characteristics 14. Amplifier with feedback 15. Emitter follower 16. Hartley Oscillator 17. Colpitt’s Oscillator 18. Clipping and clamping circuits 19. Differentiating and integrating circuits 20. Op-Amp – Inverting, non-inverting and unity follower 21. Op-Amp – Summing and difference amplifiers 23 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-VI (III Year) Paper - IX SUBJECT : RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 609 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: Most of the experimentally observed phenomena in Modern Physics are explained only by Quantum mechanics. It is a powerful tool of a modern physicist. One cannot imagine now, to do research in Physics, without understanding Quantum mechanics. Relativity deals with motions with very high velocities comparable to the speed of light. Advanced topic related is Relativistic Quantum mechanics. This paper deals with wave mechanics, which is one formulation of Quantum mechanics and perturbation theory. Unit I: RELATIVITY Michelson - Morley Experiment - Galilean transformation and Newtonion Relativity Inadequacy of Galilean Transformation - Fundamental Postulates of Special theory of Relativity - Lorentz transformation equation - Length contraction and Time dilation - Experimental evidences - Law of addition of Velocities - Variation of Mass with velocity - Equivalence of Mass and Energy - Basic concepts of General theory of Relativity. Unit II: WAVE NATURE OF MATTER Phase and group velocity – Wave packet – Expression for wavelength - Davisson and Germer Experiment - G.P. Thomson's experiment - Uncertainity principle - Illustration of Heisenberg's uncertainity principle - Heisenberg's Electron microscope . 24 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III: SCHROEDINGER’S EQUATIONS Inadequancy of Classical mechanics – Basic Postulates of Quantum Mechanics - Schroedinger equation - Time dependent and independent form - Physical interpretation of the wave function - Normalised and Orthogonal wave functions – Operator Formalism – Lenear operators – Self – Ad joint operators – Expectation values and Eigen functions – Commutativity. Unit IV: APPLICATIONS OF SCHROEDINGER'S EQUATIONS Free Particle Solution of Schroedinger's equation – for free particle - Particle in a box - Barrier penetration problem – Quantum mechanical tunnelling effect - - Linear harmonic oscillator Rigid rotator and Hydrogen atom Unit V: SCATTERING THEORY Introduction- Elastic scattering – Inelastic scattering–Classical theory of scattering, scattering cross section – Differential scattering cross section – Total scattering cross section - Laboratory frame or system – Centre of mass coordinate system – Reduced mass – Relation between angles in L- system and C- system- Scattering Amplitude -Reduction of Two body problem into one body problem. . Books for Study 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Murugesan R. - Modern Physics, S.Chand & Co, 1995, 5th Edition. Sathya Prakash and Singh, C.K. - Quantum Mechanics. Ghatak and Loganathan, S. – Quantum Mechanics, McMillan. Thangappan, V.K. – Quantum Mechanics, Wiley Eastern. Mathews, P.M. and Venkatesan – A Text book of Quantum Mechaniscs Books for Reference 1. G.Arul dass - Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. 2004, 3rd Printing 2 Y.R.Waghmare - Introductory Quantum Mechanics, S.Chand & Co. 3. D. Halliday, R.Resnick and J. Walker – Funndamentals of Physics, 6th Edn. 25 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-V (III Year) Paper – X SUBJECT : OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 611 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: An optical instrument is an essential component of any scientific investigation. Spectroscopy is the eye of a scientist through which he looks into the microscopic world. A basic knowledge of the principles which govern optics is essential for any science graduate. The subject imparts an understanding of the various optical phenomena and the fundamental facts regarding various spectroscopic methods Unit I: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Spherical aberration in lenses - Reducing Spherical aberration – Methods of minimisation Dispersion - Angular and Chromatic dispersion - Combination of prisms to produce (i) dispersion without deviation and (ii) deviation without dispersion – Chromatic aberration Achromatism in lenses - Achromatic combination of lenses (i) in contact and (ii) Separated by a distance. Unit II: INTERFERENCE AND POLARIZATION OF LIGHT Colour of thin films - Interference in thin films due to reflected light - Fringes due to wedge shaped films – air wedge- Newton's rings - Refractive index of a liquid. Michelson's Interferometer and its applications- Double Refraction – Quarter wave plate- Half wave plate Production and detection of plane, Circularly and elliptically polarized light - Optical activity Fresnel's explanation - Laurent's half shade polarimeter 26 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III: DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT Fresnel's diffraction - Diffraction at a straight edge - Rectilinear propagation of light - Zone plate - Construction and action - Comparison with convex lens - Fraumhoter diffraction Diffraction at a single slit, double slit, N slits - Diffraction grating – Rayleighs criteria for resolution - Dispersive power of a grating - Resolving power of a grating. Unit IV: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY Microwave spectra - rotational energy levels of rigid diatomic molecule - selection rules Klystron- applications - structural determination- structure of carbon oxysulphide COS molecule - inversion spectrum of ammonia (qualitative). Infrared spectra - vibrational spectra of diatomic molecule- vibrational spectra of simple polyatomic molecules - selection rules for IR spectra - single beam IR spectrometer - Raman effect - Experimental study of Raman effect Application of Raman effect in molecular structure. Unit V: RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY Nature of spinning particle - interaction between spin and magnetic field - origin of NMR spectrometer - spectrum and interpretation- chemical shift. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy - introduction - basic theory - experimental technique - ESR spectrometer spectral analysis - applications- ‘g’ value- hyperfine splitting. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Brijlal and Subramanian - Textbook of Optics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi R.Murugesan - Modern Physics Kanna, D.R. and Gulati, H.R. – Optics, R. Chand & Co., New Delhi. R. Murugeshan- Optics & Spectroscopy, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi C.N. Banwell and M.C. Cash - Fundamentals of Spectroscopy, T M H Publishers. Books for Reference: 1. D. Halliday, R.Resnick and J. Walker – Funndamentals of Physics, 6th Edn. 2. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th Ed., CRS Press, NY, 1999. 27 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester- VI (III Year) Paper- XI SUBJECT : LASER PHYSICS AND FIBRE OPTICS SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 613 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This application oriented paper provides the subject linkage with the core paper, optics and spectroscopy. Also it develops the student’s confidence for higher education. This paper is useful for engineering applications. Unit I: FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER Einstein’s theory of spontaneous and stimulated emission-Basic principles of laser - Einstein Coefficients - Condition for light amplification - Population inversion - Threshold condition Line shape function - Optical resonators (Qualitative only) Unit II: TYPES OF LASERS AND OUTPUT MODULATION METHODS Ruby Laser - He-Ne Laser, CO2 Laser - Dye Laser - Semi Conductor Laser - Q Switching & mode locking (qualitative) - Experimental methods Unit III: APPLICATION OF LASER Application of Laser in industry – Micro Cutting – Micro Welding - Drilling - Surface hardening - Medical applications - Laser as diagnostic & therapeutic tool - Theory of recording & reconstruction - Holography - Applications of holography - Holographic interferometry in non destructive testing, Acoustic holography and Holographic microscopy - Lasers in compact disc players. 28 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: OPTIC FIBRES Basic structure of an Optic fibre - Acceptance angle - Numerical aperture - Propagation of light through an optical fibre - Theory of modes formation - Classification of fibres - Step index & graded index fibres - Comparison of the two types - Single mode & multimode fibres - Losses in fibres. Unit V: OPTICAL FIBRE SOURCES & FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION Optical communication - Advantages - Light sources – Laser Diode- Photo detectors – p-n photo Diode – PIN photo Diode – Avalanche Photo Diode - Communication systems (Block diagram) - Repeaters - Fibre cables - Measurements of numerical aperture & optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR) Books for Study: 1. K.Thyagarajan, A.K.Ghatak - Lazer theory and applications, Cambridge University Press. 2. Avadhanulu M.N., - An introduction to Lasers, theory & applications, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi 2001. 3. Subir Kumar Sarkar - Optical fibres & Fibre optic communication systems, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2001. 4. R.K.Gaur & S.L. Gupta (eighth edition) - Engineering Physics, Dhanpat rai Publications, New Delhi. 5. P.K. Palanisamy - Physics for Engineering, Scitech Publications private Ltd. Books for Reference: 1. Ajoy Ghatak & K. Thygarajan, - Introduction to Fibre Optics, Cambridge University Press. 2. P.K. Palanisamy - Solid State Physics, Scitech Publication (India) Private Ltd. 29 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester- VI (III Year) Paper – XII SUBJECT : MICRO PROCESSOR (Elective II) SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 614 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This paper entitles a student to know about the 8085 microprocessor which is the heart of any computer system. This course also covers various programs that can be implemented using a 8085 microprocessor. Unit I: COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS Decoder – encoder – multiplexers – demultiplexers – shift registers – counters – ripple (asynchronous) counter – decade (synchronous) counter – semiconductor memories – RAM, ROM (elementary idea only) Unit II: MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE Architecture of 8085 Microprocessor, Registers, Flags, ALU – Address bus and Data bus – Programmer’s model of 8085 – Pin-out signal function diagram – functions of different pins Unit III: INSTRUCTION SET Instruction set of 8085 – data transfer, arithmetic, logic, branching and machine control group of instructions – Addressing modes – register, register indirect, direct, immediate and implied addressing modes. Assembly language and machine language – Programming exercise – addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (all 8-bit binary), sorting - ascending order / descending order 30 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: MEMORY INTERFACE Memory interface – Interfacing 2Kx8 ROM and RAM interface – Timing diagram of 8085 instructions (MOV Rd, Rs – MVI data8) Unit V: INTERFACING INPUT AND OUTPUT PORT Programmable peripheral interface 8255 – Pin configuration – Internal structure – Control word – flashing LEDs (simple delay programs) Interrupts in 8085 – hardware and software interrupts – RIM, SIM instructions – priorities. Simple–polled and interrupt controlled data transfer. Books for study: 1. V.Vijayendran - Integrated Electronics, S.Vishwanathan Publishers, Chennai. 2. Malvino and Leach - Digital Principles and applications , Tata McGraw Hill. 3. Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application with 8085 / 8080A – Ramesh Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern. 4. Fundamentals of Microprocessor 8085 – V. Vijayendran, Viswanathan Publishers 5. Jain - Microprocessors, Pragati. Books for reference: 1. Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics –Tata McGraw Hill. 2. Introduction to Microprocessors – Aditya Mathur 3. Introduction to Microprocessors – Lance A. Levanthal 31 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) (Any Sixteen Experiments) Semester-V (III Year) ELECTRONICS PRACTICAL – VI (Elective III) (At the end of Sixth semester) Time: 3 hrs / Experiment Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 66 1. Single stage RC coupled amplifier – Gain and frequency response 2. Transistor – Astable multivibrator 3. FET – Characteristics 4. UJT – Characteristics 5. UJT – Relaxation oscillator 6. SCR – Characteristics 7. NAND / NOR as Universal gates 8. Half -Adder and Full-Adder 9. Half-Subtractor and Full-Subtractor 10. 4 bit Ripple Counter using 7473 / 7476 11. 4 bit Shift Register using 7473 / 7476 12. Decade Counter using 7490 13. Photo Diode – Characteristics 14. Op-Amp – Differentiator and Integrator 15. Op-Amp – Square wave generator 16. Op-Amp – Wien’s bridge oscillator 17. D/A converter – 4 bit binary weighted resistor method 18. Microprocessor – 8 bit addition and 8 bit subtraction 19. Microprocessor – 8 bit multiplication and 8 bit division 20. Microprocessor – Sorting in ascending and descending order 21. Microprocessor – Flashing LEDs using a programmable I/O port 32 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester-III (II Year) Paper- I SUBJECT : ALLIED PHYSICS - I (offered to students other than Physics major) SUBJECT CODE : BPHA 301 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This paper gives concise ideas about various fields available in Physics and their applications in day to day life. A thorough knowledge of this paper will help the student to enjoy the Physics with other major fields of Science. relation of Unit I: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND CIRCULAR MOTION Compositions of two simple harmonic motions along a straight line and at right angles – Lissajous figures – uniform circular motion – centripetal acceleration particle in a circle – centripetal and centrifugal forces – centrifuge – motion of a bicycle and car around a curve – banking on curved tracks. Unit II: PROPERTIES OF MATTER Elasticity: Elastic constants – bending of beams – Young’s modulus by non-uniform bending – energy stored in a stretched wire – torsion in a wire – determination of rigidity modulus by torsional pendulum – static torsion. Viscosity: Coefficient of viscosity – Poissuelle’s formula – comparison of viscosities – burette method – Surface Tension – Interfacial Surface Tension – Experiment to determine surface tension by drop weight method. 33 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit III: HEAT AND SOUND Kinetic theory of gases – Van der Waals equation of state – derivation of critical constants – low temperature – Joule-Kelvin effect – theory and applications – liquefaction of gases – Linde’s process – laws of thermodynamics. Sound: Transverse vibrations of stretched string – laws of transverse vibrations – a.c. frequency measurement using Sonometer – velocity of sound in a gas – ultrasonics – production and uses. Unit IV: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Capacitor – energy of charged capacitors – loss of energy due to sharing of charges – potentiometer – internal resistance of a cell – magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor – Biot-Savart’s law – field along the axis of a coil – force in a conductor carrying current in a magnetic field – Ballistic galvanometer – Figure of Merit. Unit V: ATOMIC PHYSICS Atom model – vector atom model – electron spin, quantum numbers – Pauli’s exclusion principle – excitation and ionization potentials – experimental determination – Frank and Hertz method. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Allied Physics by Dr. Dhanalakshmi, Dr.Sabesan Allied Physics by Kamalakannan, Jayaraman Mechanics by Narayanamoorthy and others Applied electronics by R.S.Sedha. Allied Physics by Dr.M.Murugesan, (S.Chand) Books for Reference: 1. Heat & Thermodynamics by J.B.Rajam 2. Elements of properties of matter by Brijlal and Subramanium 34 Effective from 2008 - 2009 B. Sc. DEGREE BRANCH: PHYSICS SYLLABUS (Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009) Semester- IV (II Year) Paper-II SUBJECT : ALLIED PHYSICS - II SUBJECT CODE : BPHA 402 CREDITS : L+P TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE: This paper gives brief ideas about various fields available in Physics and their applications in day to day life. A thorough knowledge of this paper will help the student to understand the relation of Physics with other major fields of Science. Unit I: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS Refraction – combination of two prisms to produce dispersion without deviation and deviation without dispersion – defects of images – coma, distortion – spherical and chromatic aberration in lenses. Unit II: PHYSICAL OPTICS Interference in thin films – interference in wedge shaped film – Newton’s rings – measurement of wavelength and radius of curvature with theory – Diffraction – Fresnel’s explanation of rectilinear propagation of light – theory of transmission grating – normal incidence – Polarization – double refraction – Nicol prism – Optical activity – Polarimeter. Unit III: NUCLEAR PHYSICS Nuclear model – nuclear energy – mass defect – binding energy – Radio activity – Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays – liquid drop model – exponential law – Half life period – mean life period – Radio carbon dating - fission and fusion – atom bomb – nuclear reactor – thermo nuclear reactions – solar energy. 35 Effective from 2008 - 2009 Unit IV: RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS Postulates of theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation equations – derivation – length contraction – time dilation – mass energy equivalence – Uncertainty principle – postulates of wave mechanics – Time Independent Schrodinger’s equation – application - particle in a box. Unit V: ELECTRONICS Basic electronics: Junction diode – LED – Zener diode – voltage regulator – Junction transistor – characteristics – common base, common emitter modes – transistor biasing – amplifier (single stage). Digital electronics: AND, OR, NOT gates – construction using diodes and transistors – NAND and NOR gates – Universal building blocks – Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorem – verification – elementary ideas of ICs – SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI. Books for Study: 1. 2. 3. 4. Allied Physics by Dr. Dhanalakshmi, Dr.Sabesan Allied Physics by Kamalakannan, Jayaraman Text book of Optics by Brijlal and Subramanium Digital principles and applications by Malvino & Leach. Books for Reference: 1. Basic Electronics 6th edition by B.Grob, McGraw Hill, NY, 1989. 2. Modern Physics by R.Murugesan 3. Physics, 4th edition, Volumes 1,2 & 2 extended by D.Halliday, R.Resnick and K.S.Krane, Wiley, NY, 1994. 36 Effective from 2008 - 2009 ALLIED PHYSICS PRACTICAL (II Year) Time: 3 Hrs / Experiment SUBJECT CODE : BPHAP 41 Total Marks: 100 External: 60 Internal (Record-15): 40 1. Young’s modulus Non-uniform bending - Pin and Microscope 2. Rigidity modulus by Torsional oscillations 3. Comparison of Viscosities of two liquids – Burette method 4. Sonometer – AC Frequency 5. Newton's Rings - Radius of curvature of a lens 6. Air wedge - Thickness of wire 7. Surface Tension and Interfacial Surface Tension by drop weight method 8. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range voltmeter 9. Figure of Merit of a Galvanometer 10. Construction of OR, AND, NOT Gates using Diodes and Transistor 11. Zener Diode - Characteristics 12. NAND Gate as Universal Gate 37 Effective from 2008 - 2009