Download B.Sc Physics Syllabus

THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
CHENNAI-600014.
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS
2008 - 2009
THE NEW COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS)
B.Sc PHYSICS SYLLABUS
2008 - 2009
LIST OF CORE SUBJECTS
FIRST YEAR – Semester – I
1.
SUB.CODE
PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – I
2.
FIRST YEAR – Semester – II
BPHM 101
BPHMP 11
3.
THERMAL PHYSICS
BPHM 202
4.
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – II
BPHMP 22
SECOND YEAR – Semester – III
5.
MECHANICS
BPHM 303
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – III
6.
SECOND YEAR – Semester – IV
BPHMP 33
7.
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
BPHM 404
8.
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – IV
BPHMP 44
THIRD YEAR – Semester – V
9.
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND NANO SCIENCE
BPHM 505
10.
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
BPHM 506
11.
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
BPHM 507
12.
ELECTRONICS (ELECTIVE I)
BPHM 508
13. GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – V
THIRD YEAR - Semester – VI
BPHMP 55
14.
RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
BPHM 609
15.
OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
BPHM 610
16.
LASER PHYSICS AND FIBRE OPTICS
BPHM 611
17.
MICROPROCESSOR (ELECTIVE II)
BPHM 612
18.
ELECTRONICS PRACTICAL – VI (ELECTIVE III)
BPHMP 66
SECOND YEAR - ALLIED – Semester - III
19. ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER – I
SECOND YEAR – ALLIED - Semester - IV
BPHA 301
20.
ALLIED PHYSICS PAPER – II
BPHA 402
21.
ALLIED PHYSICS PRACTICAL
BPHAP 41
2
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-I (I Year)
Paper-I
SUBJECT: PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS
SUBJECT CODE: BPHM101
CREDITS: L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This subject is useful in engineering applications.
 It gives details about physical properties of materials.
 Experiments based on this create great interest.
Unit I: ELASTICITY
Stress – Strain diagram- Elastic moduli - relations connecting the three moduli- Poisson's ratio Bending of Beams- Expression for bending moment-Cantilever–Non-Uniform and Uniform
Bending (theory & experiment) using pin and microscope - Cantilever Oscillations (theory &
experiment)- I form of Girders (Qualitative treatment)– Twisting couple on a cylinder-Rigidity
modulus by static torsion- Torsional Pendulum-Rigidity modulus and moment of inertiaExperimental determination.
Unit II: SURFACE TENSION
Surface Tension and Surface energy - Surface Tension determination by Jaeger's & Quincke's
Methods - Angle of contact - Variation of surface tension with temperature - Excess of pressure
over a curved surface - Inside spherical and cylindrical drops and bubbles- formation of rain
drops.
Unit III: VISCOSITY
Newton’s formula for viscous flow- Streamlined and turbulent motion- Reynolds number Poiseuille's formula- Determination of coefficient of viscosity- capillary flow method - Stoke's
formula- viscosity of highly viscous liquids – Stoke’s method- Lubricants and its applications –
Production and measurement of low pressure – Rotary pump – Knudsen absolute gauge –
Application of low pressure.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: ACOUSTICS
SHM- superposition of two SHM at right angle to each other- Lissajous figures-BeatsDetermination of frequency using beats- Intensity-Loudness of Sound – Decibel-Free, damped
and forced vibrations - Resonance- Reverberation- Reverberation time-Sabine's formulaAcoustics of buildings.
Unit V: ULTRASONICS
Production – Piezo-electric method and Magnetostriction effect (Qualitative study only) Properties-Applications-i. Industry - welding, cleaning, food industry, thickness measurement
and flaw detection –non-destructive testing (NDT)- ii. Medicine – imaging and physiotherapy iii. Scientific – Molecular interaction in liquid mixtures-thermoacoustic parameters.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
D.S. Mathur - Properties of Matter, S.Chand & Co, Delhi.
R. Murugesan - Properties of Matter, S.Chand & Co, Delhi
Brijlal & Subramaniam - Properties of Matter, Eurasia Publishing Co, Delhi
Brijlal & Subramaniam - A textbook of Sound, Vikas Publishing House, Delhi
C.L.Arora - Waves and Oscillations, S.Chand & Co.
M. Srinivasan - Textbook of Sound, Himalaya Publications
D. S. Mathur - Mechanics, S.Chand & Co, Delhi
Books for Reference:
1. C.J.Smith - General Properties of Matter, Orient & Longman
2. Resnick and Halliday - Physics, Volume – I & II.
3. Brijlal & Subramaniam - Waves and Oscillations.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-I (I Year)
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – I
(At the end of First semester)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 11
1. Young’s Modulus – Non-uniform bending – Pin and microscope
2. Young’s Modulus – Uniform bending – Optic lever
3. Rigidity Modulus – Torsional pendulum (without identical masses)
4. Rigidity Modulus & moment of inertia – Torsional pendulum (with identical masses)
5. Surface tension and interfacial surface tension – Drop weight method
6. Coefficient of Viscosity of liquid – Graduated burette
7. Sonometer – Frequency of tuning fork
8. Sonometer – Relative density of a solid and liquid
9. Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Newton’s law of Cooling
10.Specific heat capacity of a liquid – Method of mixtures (Half-time correction)
5
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-II (I Year)
Paper-II
SUBJECT: THERMAL PHYSICS
SUBJECT CODE: BPHM 202
CREDITS: L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 A thorough knowledge of thermodynamics would create an awareness regarding the
heat engines
 It will also stimulate efforts towards research and development further
 This subject is useful for engineering applications
 Especially students can acquire and face confidently towards problems that are complex
and have endless chances.
Unit I: CALORIMETRY
Specific heat capacity – specific heat capacity of solids and liquids – method of mixtures –
Barton’s correction – Specific heat capacity of gases – Meyor’s relation – Determination of Cp
and Cv by Jolly’s and Regnault’s methods – Variation of specific heat capacities of gases Joule-Thomson Effect - Porous Plug experiment – Liquefaction of Helium – Adiabatic
demagnetization – practical applications of low temperatures –Cryogenics (elementary idea).
Unit II: THERMODYNAMICS -I
First law of Thermodynamics – Heat engine – Carnot’s cycle – efficiency of heat engine Petrol
& Diesel engines –Construction – working – efficiency of engines – comparison of engines.
Unit III: THERMODYNAMICS -II
Second law of thermodynamics – thermodynamic scale of temperature – entropy – change of
entropy in reversible and irreversible processes – temperature–entropy diagram- Third law of
thermodynamics.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: THERMODYNAMICS – III
Maxwell's Thermodynamic relations- Deduction of Specific heat relation – Clausius clapeyron
latent heat equations – Variation of intrinsic energy – negative temperature (Qualitative) –
Nernst heat theorem – Helmholtz function – thermodynamic potential or Gibb’s function –
enthalpy.
Unit V: CONDUCTION AND RADIATION
Definition of thermal conductivity – thermal conductivity of bad conductor – Lee’s disc
method-radial flow of heat-thermal conductivity of rubber
Radiation – Black body radiation – Wien’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law-Planck’s quantum theory
of radiation - Planck’s law – Stefan’s law-Deduction of Newton’s law of cooling from stefan’s
law – solar constant – definition only.
Books for Study:
1. Brijlal and Subramaniam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. R.Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Sivaprasath - Thermal Physics, S.Chand & Co,
New Delhi.
3. D.S.Mathur - Heat and Thermodynamics, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
4. J.B.Rajam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.
5. A.B. Gupta and H. Roy - Thermal Physics, Books and Allied Pvt Ltd.
Books for Reference:
1. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th Ed., CRS Press, NY, 1999.
2. J.B.Rajam - Heat and Thermodynamics, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.
3. Resnick and Halliday - Physics, Volume – I & II.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-II (I Year)
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – II
(At the end of Second semester)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 22
1. Focal length, Power, R and  of a convex lens (UV & conjugate foci)
2. Focal length, Power, R and  of concave lens (In contact, out of contact)
3. Spectrometer –  of a liquid (Hollow prism)
4. P.O. Box - Temperature coefficient of resistance
5. Potentiometer - Internal resistance of a cell
6. Young’s modulus - Cantilever-Depression – Scale and Telescope
7. Young’s modulus – Cantilever oscillations – Microscope
8. Rigidity modulus – Static torsion
9. Compound pendulum – g and k
10.Sonometer – A.C Frequency (steel wire)
.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-III (IIYear)
Paper - III
SUBJECT : MECHANICS
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM303
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 Mechanics deals with study of motion, which has immense scope as motion is an
integral part of us.
 This paper is useful for engineering applications
 Students of Physics must have a clear knowledge of mechanics so as to enable them to
understand the other branches of Physics especially the mechanics of microscopic
bodies, Quantum mechanics.
Unit I: GRAVITATION
Centre of Gravity: Center of Gravity of a solid and hollow hemisphere, solid tetrahedron Newton's Law of Gravitation- Determination of mass and Density of earth. Determination of
‘G’ by Boy's Method – Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion - Newton's Law from Kepler's Law
– Escape Velocity - Motion of Rocket - Orbital Velocity – Geo-stationary Orbit and its
applications
Unit II: IMPULSE AND IMPACT
Impulse - Impact - Impulsive force - Laws of impact - Impact of a smooth sphere on a
horizontal plane - Direct and Oblique impact - Loss of Kinetic energy - Motion of two
interacting bodies - Reduced mass.
Unit III: DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES
Moment of Inertia - Angular Momentum - Torque - Conservation of linear and angular
momentum - Kinetic energy of rotating body - Theory of Compound Pendulum - determination
of g and k - Centre of Mass - Velocity and acceleration - M.I. of a diatomic molecule.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: HYDROSTATICS AND HYDRODYNAMICS
Stability of floating bodies – Laws of floatation – Meta centre – Metacentric height of a ship Centre of Pressure - Centre of Pressure of a rectangular lamina and triangular lamina - Equation
of Continuity - Energy of liquid in motion - Euler's equation - Bernoulli's theorem - Pitot tube Venturimeter.
Unit V: CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Mechanics of a system of particles - Constraints - Generalised co-ordinates - Principle of virtual
work - D'Alembert's principle - Lagrange's equation from D'Alembert's principle - Application:
simple pendulum.
Hamiltonian function - Hamilton's equation - Physical significance of Hamiltonian function
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Narayanamoorthy - Mechanics Part I and II, National Publishing Company.
D.S. Mathur - Mechanics II Edition 2001, S.Chand and Co.
R.Murugeshan - Mechanics and Mathematical Methods, S.Chand and Co.
H. Goldstein – Classical Mechanics, Addision Wesley Publication.
P.K.Chakrabarthy - Mechanics and General Properties of Matter, Books and Allied
Pvt. Ltd., 2001.
Books for Reference:
1. R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton and M. Sands - The Feynman Lectures on Physics,
Vols. 1, 2 and 3, Narosa, New Delhi 1998.
2. D.Halliday, R.Resnick and J.Walker - Fundamentals of Physics,
6th Edition, Wiley, Newyork, 2001.
10
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-III (II Year)
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – III
(At the end of Third semester)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 33
1. Melde’s string – Frequency, S.G of a solid and liquid
2. Specific heat capacity – Joule’s calorimeter – Half time correction
3. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor – Lee’s disc method
4. Spectrometer – Refractive index of a glass prism – i-d curve
5. Spectrometer – Grating N and  - Normal incidence method
6. Spectrometer – Grating N and  - Minimum deviation method
7. Air wedge – Thickness of a wire
8. Young’s modulus - Koenig’s method-Non-uniform bending
9. Newton’s rings - R1, R2 and  of a convex lens
10. Field along the axis of a circular coil – Deflection Magnetometer – BH & M
11
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester- IV (II Year)
Paper - IV
SUBJECT : ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM404
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 Atomic and Nuclear Physics finds application in Nuclear reactors.
 Nuclear energy has got a great significance in the present scenario.;
 This paper gives ideas about radio activity, which has got industrial, medical, research
applications etc.
 This paper gives ideas about Elementary particles, which is the basis of High Energy
Particle Physics.
Unit I : ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Vector atom model – electron spin- Spatial quantisation -Pauli's exclusion principle - Various
quantum numbers - Angular momentum and magnetic moment of electron – Bohr magnetron L-S and J-J coupling –Interval rule - Selection rules - Intensity rule – Stern-Gerlach experiment.
Unit II: ATOMIC SPECTRA
Excitation and Ionization potentials - Davis and Goucher's method - Spectral terms and
notations - Lande's 'g' factor and explanation of splitting of D1 and D2 lines of Sodium,
Paschen-Back effect - Stark effect - Fine structure of sodium D lines - Zeeman effect - Larmor's
theorem – Debye’s explanation of normal Zeeman effect- Anomalous, Zeeman effect
(Qualitative explanation.
Unit III: RADIO ACTIVITY
Natural radio activity - Transcient and secular equilibria - Alpha rays - Characteristics - GeigerNuttal law -  ray spectra - Gammow's theory of  decay (qualitative study) - Beta rays Characteristics - Beta ray spectra - Neutrino hypothesis - Violation of parity conservation Experimental verification with Co60 gamma rays and internal conversion - Nuclear isomerism.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: NUCLEAR REACTIONS
Conservation laws of Nuclear reaction - Kinematics – Impact parameter Q value - Threshold energy - Cross section - Artificial radio activity - Radio isotopes and its
uses - Classification of neutrons - Nuclear spin- Liquid drop model-Shell model and magic
numbers.
Unit V: ELEMENTRAY PARTICLES AND COSMIC RAYS
Classification of elementary particles - Fundamental interactions - Elementary particle quantum
numbers - Isospin and strangness quantum number - Conservation laws and symmetry –Quarks
- Quark model (Elementary ideas only).Origin and nature of cosmic rays- primary and
secondary cosmic rays- Latitude effect-Altitude effect.
Books for Study:
1. R. Murugesan (2002) - Modern Physics, Tenth edition S.Chand and Co. New Delhi 110 005.
2. N. Subramaniam and Brijalal - Atomic Nuclear Physics, S.Chand & Co, 5th
Edition, 2000.
3. Arthur Beiser- Concepts of Modern Physics.
4. A.B. Gupta and Dipak Ghosh - Atomic Physics, Books and Allied Publishers.
5. Roy and Nigam, - Nuclear Physics (1967) First edition, Wiley Eastern Limited, New
Delhi - 110 001.
Books for Reference:
1. Tayal, D.C.2000 - Nuclear Physics, Edition, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai 400 004.
2. Irving Kaplan (1962) Nuclear Physics, Second Edition, Oxford & IBH Publish &
Co, New Delhi - 110 001.
3. Sehgal and Chopra - Modern Physics, Sultan Chand Publication.
4. J.B. Rajam - Atomic Physics.
13
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-IV (II Year)
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – IV
(At the end of Fourth semester)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 44
1. Deflection magnetometer Tan C position and Vibration magnetometer - m & BH
2. BH – Copper Voltmeter and tangent galvanometer.
3. Carey Foster’s bridge – Temperature coefficient of resistance.
4. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter
5. Potentiometer – Ammeter calibration(High range)
6. Potentiometer – Resistance and Specific resistance of a wire
7. Figure of Merit of galvanometer –Table galvanometer
8. Spectrometer – i – i’ curve
9. Field along the axis of the circular coil – Vibration Magnetic Needle
10. B.G. – Figure of Merit (for charge)
14
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
Paper-V
SUBJECT : SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND NANO SCIENCE
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 505
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This paper deals with the basic principles of Physics which are applied to
study of solids, the relationship between structure and property is brought out
in this paper.
 This paper serves as pre-requisite to study the optional subjects such as
materials science, nano science, etc.
 This paper is useful for engineering applications
Unit I : BONDING AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
Bondings in crystals – ionic, covalent, hydrogen and metallic bondings. Van der Walls
interactions.
Crystal structure – crystal lattice – primitive and unit cell – basic symmetry elements and
operations – translational symmetry – Bravais space lattices – simple cubic, body centered cubic
and face centered cubic structures with an example in each – Miller indices.
Unit II : X-RAY DIFFRACTION
X – ray diffraction – Bragg’s law – Laue method, powder crystal and rotating crystal methods
– concept of reciprocal lattice (Qualitative)
Crystal imperfections – point defects – Scottky & Frenkel defects – line defects – edge &
screw dislocations – surface defects – grain & tilt boundaries – volume defects – effects of
crystal defects
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III : THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Thermal properties – lattice vibrations - phonons of monoatomic one dimensional lattice –
Einstein and Debye’s theory of specific heat capacity – thermal conductivity of solids
(qualitative)
Electrical properties – electron theory of solids – classical free electron theory – merits &
demerits – electrical conductivity of metal – quantum theory of free electron – salient features
of free electron theory – Wiedmann Franz law – Lorentz number.
Unit IV : MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
Magnetic properties – Langevin’s theory of dia and Para magnetism (qualitative treatment) –
Weiss theory of Para magnetism – Heisenberg’s internal field and quantum theory of
ferromagnetism - hysterisis
Dielectric properties – types of dielectric materials – different types of electric polarization –
dielectric loss (qualitative) – local field or internal field – Clausius Mossotti equation.
Unit V : BASIC PRINCIPLE OF NANO SCIENCE
Fundamentals – Molecular & Atom size – Atom Manipulation – Nanodots – Nano materials –
Basic principle of preparation methods – Plasma, CVD, Sol-gels, Ball Milling – Applications in
Industrial & Medical fields – Carbon Nanotubes (Elementary ideas) – Properties –
Conductivity, Strength & Elasticity – Uses of Nanotubes – Elementary ideas of Nanofabrication
– Optical Lithography, Electron beam Lithography, Atomic Lithography & Molecular Beam
Epitaxy.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kittel - Introduction to solid state physics, Wiley and Sons, 7th edition.
M. Arumugam - Materials Science, Anuradha publishers.
S. O. Pillai - Solid State Physics, Narosa publication
A.J. Dekker - Solid State Physics, McMillan India Ltd.
Mic Wilson, Kamali, Michelli & Burkharb – Nanotechnology –Basic Science and
Emerging Technologies, Overseas Press India Pvy. Ltd.
Books for Reference:
1. Raghavan - Materials science and Engineering, PHI
2. Azaroff - Introduction to solids, TMH
3. Arthur Beiser - Concepts of Modern physics, TMH, 5th edition, 1997.
16
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
Paper-VI SUBJECT : ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 506
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 The domain of electricity and magnetism extends over the whole of nature.
 The concepts taught through the course can be applied to several fields of relevance
like Optics, Material science, Biophysics, Atomic physics, Nuclear physics etc.
 Theoretical and practical skills developed can be used in industrial applications
Unit I: CAPACITORS AND THERMO ELECTRICITY
Capacitor- spherical and cylindrical capacitor with dielectric- Kirchoff’s laws- high range
voltmeter- carey Foster bridge- temperature coefficient of resistance- Seebeck, Peltier and
Thomson effect - Laws of thermoelectric circuits - Measurement of thermo emf by
potentiometer-Thomson and Peltier coefficient - Thermoelectric diagrams - Applications to
thermodynamics.
Unit II: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT
Biot and Savart's rule - application to straight conductor, circular coil and solenoid - tangent
galvanometer - Ampere’s circuital law - Force on a current element by magnetic field - Fleming
Left hand rule- force between two infinitely long conductors- Ampere- force on a chargeLorentz force- theory of moving coil galvanometer damping correction. – Faraday and Lenz
laws- self-induction - coefficient of self inductance of solenoid – Anderson’s method - mutual
induction - coefficient of mutual inductance of a solenoid inductor- coefficient of coupling.
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III: TRANSIENT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
Growth and decay in an inductive circuit- growth and decay in a capacitative circuitdetermination of high resistance by leakage- growth and decay of charge in an LCR circuitEMF induced in coil rotating in a magnetic field- peak, average and rms value of ac- phasor
diagrams- series and parallel resonant circuits power factor- choke coil transformers three phase
ac- dynamos- motors.
Unit IV: MAGNETISM
Deflection magnetometer- vibration magnetometer- its uses- determination of M and BHMagnetic induction B – Magnetisation M - Retalion between B,H and M - Magnetic
Susceptibility - hysteresis BH Curve - energy loss due to hysteresis - Importance of hysteresis
curves- Earth’s magnetism- magnetic element- uses of dip circle
Unit V: MAXWELLS EQUATION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Maxwell’s Equation - Maxwell Equation and Magnetic charge, Maxwell Equation inside
matter, boundary conditions. Electromagnetic waves - Wave equation in one dimension sinusoidal (linear combination and sinusoidal waves).
Books for Study and Reference
1. Sehgal D.L., Chopra K.L, Sehgal N.K., - Electricity and Magnetism,
Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
2. M. Narayanamurthy and N.Nagarathnam, Electricity and Magnetism, 4th Edn,
National Publishing Co., Meerut.
3. Brijlal and Subramanian, Electricity and Magnetism, 6th Edn., Ratan & Prakash,Agra.
4. Brijlal, N.Subramanyan and Jivan Seshan, Mechanics and Electrodynamics (2005),
Eurasia Publishing House (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Murugeshan, R., - Electricity and Magnetism, 8th Edn, 2006,
S.Chand & Co, New Delhi.
Books for Reference:
1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 2nd Edn. 1997, Prentice Hall of
India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnik and J. Walker - Fundamentals of Physics, 6th Edn., Wiley,
NY, 2001.
18
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
Paper-VII SUBJECT : MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 507
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 Vector calculus is needed for the understanding and developing of Electromagnetic
theory.
 Matrix Analysis needed for the understanding the Quantum Mechanics. Eigen values
and Eigen vectors concepts are widely applied in various branches of Physics like
quantum mechanics and solid state physics.
 Functions of Complex variables and Fourier analysis occur frequently in all
branches of physics.
 This paper deals with various Mathematical techniques which are useful in
engineering applications.
Unit I: VECTOR CALCULUS
The derivative of a vector – gradient – integration of vector functions – Gauss’s divergence
theorem – Stoke’s theorem – Green’s theorem – simple applications
Unit II: LINEAR VECTOR SPACE AND MATRICES
Definition of a linear vector space – linear independence, basis and dimension – scalar product
– orthonormal basis – linear operators – Matrices real symmetric – orthogonal, unitary and
Hermitian matrices – eigen values and eigen vectors of a matrix – Cayley-Hamilton theorem –
diagonalization of 2x2 and 3x3 real symmetric matrices
Unit III: COMPLEX VARIABLES
Introduction – functions of a complex variable – Cauchy-Riemann equations – Cauchy’s
integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor’s and Laurentz series – singularities and
their classification – Cauchy’s residue theorem – evaluation of definite integrals around unit
circle
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Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
Solutions of first order differential equations – method of separation of variables – initial
conditions - solutions of second order differential equations with constant and variable coefficients – initial conditions – Gamma and Beta functions – series solutions for Bessel and
Hermite polynomials
Unit V: Fourier series and Transforms
Dritchlet’s conditions – expansion of f(x) as Fourier series in the interval (0, 2) and (-, ) –
half range Fourier series – change of interval – Fourier integral – Complex Fourier transform –
Fourier cosine and sine transform – Fourier transform of derivatives and integrals –
Convolution theorem – Inverse Fourier transform - applications
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mathematical Physics – Sathyaprakash, S.Chand &Co., New Delhi.
Mathematical Physics – P.K.Chattopadhyay, New Age International Publishers.
Mathematical Physics – B.D.Gupta.
Mathematical Physics – H.K.Dass, S.Chand &Co, New Delhi.
Introduction to Mathematical Physics – Charlie Harper,
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
Books for Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Complex Analysis – Churchill
Vector space & Matrices – J.C.Jain, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Advanced Engineering Mathematics –E.Kreyszig,Wiley Publishers, New York
Mathematical Physics – Schaum Series, Murray R.Spiegel, McGraw Hill Pub.
20
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
Paper- VIII
SUBJECT: ELECTRONICS (Elective I)
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 508
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
This paper deals with :








The basic concepts of physics of semiconductors.
Basic principles of biasing and transistor amplifiers
The construction of Oscillators.
Working of some special devices
Fundamental concepts of digital electronics
Basics of some simple combinational digital circuits
Introduction to Digital fundamentals
Various combinational circuits
Unit I: TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS
Transistor biasing – voltage divider method – two-port representation –
h-parameters (analysis for CE mode only) – current gain, voltage gain, input and output
impedances and power gain - RC coupled amplifier – frequency response – feedback amplifiers
– positive and negative feedback
Unit II: OSCILLATORS & SPECIAL DEVICES
Barkaushen criterion – Colpitts, Hartley and Wien Bridge oscillators – expression for frequency
of oscillation and condition for oscillation in each case - FET – UJT – SCR – construction,
characteristics and working – UJT relaxation oscillator
21
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Op-amp – characteristics – parameters – inverting and non-inverting amplifiers – unity follower
– summing and difference amplifiers – differentiator and integrator – astable
multivibrator(square wave generator) – Wien’s Bridge oscillator(sine wave generator)
D/A converter – binary weighted resistor method and R-2R ladder method – A/D converter –
counter type and successive approximation technique
Unit IV: DIGITAL FUNDAMENTALS
Number system – decimal, binary and hexadecimal systems – conversions – binary addition and
subtraction (1’s and 2’s complements) – Logic gates – AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and ExOR gates – NAND, NOR as universal gates – De Morgan’s theorem – Boolean Algebra –
Karnaugh Map - simplification
Unit V: COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
Arithmetic circuits - half adder, full adder – parallel binary adder – 8421 BCD adder – half
subtractor, full subtractor – parallel binary subtractor.
Flip-flops – RS flip-flop, clocked RS flip-flop, D flip-flop, JK flip-flop, JK master-slave flipflop.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
V.K.Mehta - Principles of Electronics, S.Chand & Co. Ltd., 2004.
Malvino and Leach - Digital Principles and applications.
V.Vijayendran- Integrated Electronics, S.Vishwanathan Publishers, Chennai.
Bagde and S.P.Singh - Elements of Electronics.
Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics, Tata McGraw Hill.
Books for Reference:
1. B.Grob - Basic Electronics, 6th edition, McGraw Hill, NY, 1989.
2. Malvino - Electronic Principles, Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Herbert Taub and Donald schilling - Digital Integrated Electronics,
McGraw Hill, NY.
4. Ramakant A. - Opamp principles and linear integrated circuits, Gaykward
22
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICAL – V
(At the end of Fifth semester)
(Any Sixteen Experiments)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 55
1. Spectrometer - Cauchy’s constants.
2. EMF of a thermocouple- Mirror galvanometer (Table galvanometer)..
3. Potentiometer - emf of a thermocouple.
4. Potentiometer - Calibration of high range voltmeter
5. Potentiometer - Temperature coefficient of resistance of a thermistor.
6. Conversion of a milliammeter into a voltmeter & ammeter of various ranges and ohm-meter
7. B. G. - Absolute capacitance of a capacitor.
8. B. G. - Comparisons of capacitances.
9. B. G. - Comparison of mutual inductances.
10.B. G. - Absolute mutual inductances
11.B.G. - Comparison of EMFs.
12.B.G. - Internal resistance of a cell.
13. Bridge rectifier – Zener diode regulated power supply Characteristics
14. Amplifier with feedback
15. Emitter follower
16. Hartley Oscillator
17. Colpitt’s Oscillator
18. Clipping and clamping circuits
19. Differentiating and integrating circuits
20. Op-Amp – Inverting, non-inverting and unity follower
21. Op-Amp – Summing and difference amplifiers
23
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-VI (III Year)
Paper - IX
SUBJECT : RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 609
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 Most of the experimentally observed phenomena in Modern Physics are explained only
by Quantum mechanics.
 It is a powerful tool of a modern physicist.
 One cannot imagine now, to do research in Physics, without understanding Quantum
mechanics.
 Relativity deals with motions with very high velocities comparable to the speed of light.
 Advanced topic related is Relativistic Quantum mechanics.
 This paper deals with wave mechanics, which is one formulation of Quantum
mechanics and perturbation theory.
Unit I: RELATIVITY
Michelson - Morley Experiment - Galilean transformation and Newtonion Relativity Inadequacy of Galilean Transformation - Fundamental Postulates of Special theory of Relativity
- Lorentz transformation equation - Length contraction and Time dilation - Experimental
evidences - Law of addition of Velocities - Variation of Mass with velocity - Equivalence of
Mass and Energy - Basic concepts of General theory of Relativity.
Unit II: WAVE NATURE OF MATTER
Phase and group velocity – Wave packet – Expression for wavelength - Davisson and Germer
Experiment - G.P. Thomson's experiment - Uncertainity principle - Illustration of Heisenberg's
uncertainity principle - Heisenberg's Electron microscope .
24
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III: SCHROEDINGER’S EQUATIONS
Inadequancy of Classical mechanics – Basic Postulates of Quantum Mechanics - Schroedinger
equation - Time dependent and independent form - Physical interpretation of the wave function
- Normalised and Orthogonal wave functions – Operator Formalism – Lenear operators – Self –
Ad joint operators – Expectation values and Eigen functions – Commutativity.
Unit IV: APPLICATIONS OF SCHROEDINGER'S EQUATIONS
Free Particle Solution of Schroedinger's equation – for free particle - Particle in a box - Barrier
penetration problem – Quantum mechanical tunnelling effect - - Linear harmonic oscillator Rigid rotator and Hydrogen atom
Unit V: SCATTERING THEORY
Introduction- Elastic scattering – Inelastic scattering–Classical theory of scattering, scattering
cross section – Differential scattering cross section – Total scattering cross section - Laboratory
frame or system – Centre of mass coordinate system – Reduced mass – Relation between angles
in L- system and C- system- Scattering Amplitude -Reduction of Two body problem into one
body problem.
.
Books for Study
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Murugesan R. - Modern Physics, S.Chand & Co, 1995, 5th Edition.
Sathya Prakash and Singh, C.K. - Quantum Mechanics.
Ghatak and Loganathan, S. – Quantum Mechanics, McMillan.
Thangappan, V.K. – Quantum Mechanics, Wiley Eastern.
Mathews, P.M. and Venkatesan – A Text book of Quantum Mechaniscs
Books for Reference
1. G.Arul dass - Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall of India, Pvt. 2004, 3rd Printing
2 Y.R.Waghmare - Introductory Quantum Mechanics, S.Chand & Co.
3. D. Halliday, R.Resnick and J. Walker – Funndamentals of Physics, 6th Edn.
25
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-V (III Year)
Paper – X
SUBJECT : OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 611
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 An optical instrument is an essential component of any scientific investigation.
 Spectroscopy is the eye of a scientist through which he looks into the microscopic world.
 A basic knowledge of the principles which govern optics is essential for any science
graduate.
 The subject imparts an understanding of the various optical phenomena and the
fundamental facts regarding various spectroscopic methods
Unit I: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Spherical aberration in lenses - Reducing Spherical aberration – Methods of minimisation Dispersion - Angular and Chromatic dispersion - Combination of prisms to produce (i)
dispersion without deviation and (ii) deviation without dispersion – Chromatic aberration Achromatism in lenses - Achromatic combination of lenses (i) in contact and (ii) Separated by a
distance.
Unit II: INTERFERENCE AND POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
Colour of thin films - Interference in thin films due to reflected light - Fringes due to wedge
shaped films – air wedge- Newton's rings - Refractive index of a liquid. Michelson's
Interferometer and its applications- Double Refraction – Quarter wave plate- Half wave plate Production and detection of plane, Circularly and elliptically polarized light - Optical activity Fresnel's explanation - Laurent's half shade polarimeter
26
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III: DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT
Fresnel's diffraction - Diffraction at a straight edge - Rectilinear propagation of light - Zone
plate - Construction and action - Comparison with convex lens - Fraumhoter diffraction Diffraction at a single slit, double slit, N slits - Diffraction grating – Rayleighs criteria for
resolution - Dispersive power of a grating - Resolving power of a grating.
Unit IV: MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Microwave spectra - rotational energy levels of rigid diatomic molecule - selection rules Klystron- applications - structural determination- structure of carbon oxysulphide COS
molecule - inversion spectrum of ammonia (qualitative). Infrared spectra - vibrational spectra of
diatomic molecule- vibrational spectra of simple polyatomic molecules - selection rules for IR
spectra - single beam IR spectrometer - Raman effect - Experimental study of Raman effect Application of Raman effect in molecular structure.
Unit V: RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
Nature of spinning particle - interaction between spin and magnetic field - origin of NMR
spectrometer - spectrum and interpretation- chemical shift. Electron spin resonance
spectroscopy - introduction - basic theory - experimental technique - ESR spectrometer spectral analysis - applications- ‘g’ value- hyperfine splitting.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Brijlal and Subramanian - Textbook of Optics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
R.Murugesan - Modern Physics
Kanna, D.R. and Gulati, H.R. – Optics, R. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
R. Murugeshan- Optics & Spectroscopy, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi
C.N. Banwell and M.C. Cash - Fundamentals of Spectroscopy, T M H Publishers.
Books for Reference:
1. D. Halliday, R.Resnick and J. Walker – Funndamentals of Physics, 6th Edn.
2. CRC Handbook of Physics & Chemistry, 80th Ed., CRS Press, NY, 1999.
27
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester- VI (III Year)
Paper- XI
SUBJECT : LASER PHYSICS AND FIBRE OPTICS
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 613
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This application oriented paper provides the subject linkage with the core paper,
optics and spectroscopy.
 Also it develops the student’s confidence for higher education.
 This paper is useful for engineering applications.
Unit I: FUNDAMENTALS OF LASER
Einstein’s theory of spontaneous and stimulated emission-Basic principles of laser - Einstein
Coefficients - Condition for light amplification - Population inversion - Threshold condition Line shape function - Optical resonators (Qualitative only)
Unit II: TYPES OF LASERS AND OUTPUT MODULATION METHODS
Ruby Laser - He-Ne Laser, CO2 Laser - Dye Laser - Semi Conductor Laser - Q Switching &
mode locking (qualitative) - Experimental methods
Unit III: APPLICATION OF LASER
Application of Laser in industry – Micro Cutting – Micro Welding - Drilling - Surface
hardening - Medical applications - Laser as diagnostic & therapeutic tool - Theory of recording
& reconstruction - Holography - Applications of holography - Holographic interferometry in
non destructive testing, Acoustic holography and Holographic microscopy - Lasers in compact
disc players.
28
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: OPTIC FIBRES
Basic structure of an Optic fibre - Acceptance angle - Numerical aperture - Propagation of light
through an optical fibre - Theory of modes formation - Classification of fibres - Step index &
graded index fibres - Comparison of the two types - Single mode & multimode fibres - Losses
in fibres.
Unit V: OPTICAL FIBRE SOURCES & FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION
Optical communication - Advantages - Light sources – Laser Diode- Photo detectors – p-n
photo Diode – PIN photo Diode – Avalanche Photo Diode - Communication systems (Block
diagram) - Repeaters - Fibre cables - Measurements of numerical aperture & optical time
domain reflectometers (OTDR)
Books for Study:
1. K.Thyagarajan, A.K.Ghatak - Lazer theory and applications, Cambridge
University Press.
2. Avadhanulu M.N., - An introduction to Lasers, theory & applications, S.Chand & Co,
New Delhi 2001.
3. Subir Kumar Sarkar - Optical fibres & Fibre optic communication systems,
S.Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2001.
4. R.K.Gaur & S.L. Gupta (eighth edition) - Engineering Physics, Dhanpat rai
Publications, New Delhi.
5. P.K. Palanisamy - Physics for Engineering, Scitech Publications private Ltd.
Books for Reference:
1. Ajoy Ghatak & K. Thygarajan, - Introduction to Fibre Optics, Cambridge
University Press.
2. P.K. Palanisamy - Solid State Physics, Scitech Publication (India) Private Ltd.
29
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester- VI (III Year)
Paper – XII
SUBJECT : MICRO PROCESSOR (Elective II)
SUBJECT CODE : BPHM 614
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This paper entitles a student to know about the 8085 microprocessor which is the
heart of any computer system.
 This course also covers various programs that can be implemented using a 8085
microprocessor.
Unit I: COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS
Decoder – encoder – multiplexers – demultiplexers – shift registers – counters – ripple
(asynchronous) counter – decade (synchronous) counter – semiconductor memories – RAM,
ROM (elementary idea only)
Unit II: MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Architecture of 8085 Microprocessor, Registers, Flags, ALU – Address bus and Data bus –
Programmer’s model of 8085 – Pin-out signal function diagram – functions of different pins
Unit III: INSTRUCTION SET
Instruction set of 8085 – data transfer, arithmetic, logic, branching and machine control group
of instructions – Addressing modes – register, register indirect, direct, immediate and implied
addressing modes.
Assembly language and machine language – Programming exercise – addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division (all 8-bit binary), sorting - ascending order / descending order
30
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: MEMORY INTERFACE
Memory interface – Interfacing 2Kx8 ROM and RAM interface – Timing diagram of 8085
instructions (MOV Rd, Rs – MVI data8)
Unit V: INTERFACING INPUT AND OUTPUT PORT
Programmable peripheral interface 8255 – Pin configuration – Internal structure – Control word
– flashing LEDs (simple delay programs)
Interrupts in 8085 – hardware and software interrupts – RIM, SIM instructions – priorities.
Simple–polled and interrupt controlled data transfer.
Books for study:
1. V.Vijayendran - Integrated Electronics, S.Vishwanathan Publishers, Chennai.
2. Malvino and Leach - Digital Principles and applications , Tata McGraw Hill.
3. Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application with 8085 / 8080A –
Ramesh Gaonkar, Wiley Eastern.
4. Fundamentals of Microprocessor 8085 – V. Vijayendran,
Viswanathan Publishers
5. Jain - Microprocessors, Pragati.
Books for reference:
1. Millman and Halkias - Integrated Electronics –Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Introduction to Microprocessors – Aditya Mathur
3. Introduction to Microprocessors – Lance A. Levanthal
31
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
(Any Sixteen Experiments)
Semester-V (III Year)
ELECTRONICS PRACTICAL – VI (Elective III)
(At the end of Sixth semester)
Time: 3 hrs / Experiment
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
SUBJECT CODE: BPHMP 66
1. Single stage RC coupled amplifier – Gain and frequency response
2. Transistor – Astable multivibrator
3. FET – Characteristics
4. UJT – Characteristics
5. UJT – Relaxation oscillator
6. SCR – Characteristics
7. NAND / NOR as Universal gates
8. Half -Adder and Full-Adder
9. Half-Subtractor and Full-Subtractor
10. 4 bit Ripple Counter using 7473 / 7476
11. 4 bit Shift Register using 7473 / 7476
12. Decade Counter using 7490
13. Photo Diode – Characteristics
14. Op-Amp – Differentiator and Integrator
15. Op-Amp – Square wave generator
16. Op-Amp – Wien’s bridge oscillator
17. D/A converter – 4 bit binary weighted resistor method
18. Microprocessor – 8 bit addition and 8 bit subtraction
19. Microprocessor – 8 bit multiplication and 8 bit division
20. Microprocessor – Sorting in ascending and descending order
21. Microprocessor – Flashing LEDs using a programmable I/O port
32
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester-III (II Year)
Paper- I
SUBJECT : ALLIED PHYSICS - I
(offered to students other than Physics major)
SUBJECT CODE : BPHA 301
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This paper gives concise ideas about various fields available in Physics
and their applications in day to day life.
 A thorough knowledge of this paper will help the student to enjoy the
Physics with other major fields of Science.
relation of
Unit I: SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND CIRCULAR MOTION
Compositions of two simple harmonic motions along a straight line and at right angles –
Lissajous figures – uniform circular motion – centripetal acceleration particle in a circle –
centripetal and centrifugal forces – centrifuge – motion of a bicycle and car around a curve –
banking on curved tracks.
Unit II: PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Elasticity: Elastic constants – bending of beams – Young’s modulus by non-uniform bending –
energy stored in a stretched wire – torsion in a wire – determination of rigidity modulus by
torsional pendulum – static torsion.
Viscosity: Coefficient of viscosity – Poissuelle’s formula – comparison of viscosities – burette
method – Surface Tension – Interfacial Surface Tension – Experiment to determine surface
tension by drop weight method.
33
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit III: HEAT AND SOUND
Kinetic theory of gases – Van der Waals equation of state – derivation of critical constants –
low temperature – Joule-Kelvin effect – theory and applications – liquefaction of gases –
Linde’s process – laws of thermodynamics.
Sound: Transverse vibrations of stretched string – laws of transverse vibrations – a.c. frequency
measurement using Sonometer – velocity of sound in a gas – ultrasonics – production and uses.
Unit IV: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Capacitor – energy of charged capacitors – loss of energy due to sharing of charges –
potentiometer – internal resistance of a cell – magnetic field due to a current carrying conductor
– Biot-Savart’s law – field along the axis of a coil – force in a conductor carrying current in a
magnetic field – Ballistic galvanometer – Figure of Merit.
Unit V: ATOMIC PHYSICS
Atom model – vector atom model – electron spin, quantum numbers – Pauli’s exclusion
principle – excitation and ionization potentials – experimental determination – Frank and Hertz
method.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Allied Physics by Dr. Dhanalakshmi, Dr.Sabesan
Allied Physics by Kamalakannan, Jayaraman
Mechanics by Narayanamoorthy and others
Applied electronics by R.S.Sedha.
Allied Physics by Dr.M.Murugesan, (S.Chand)
Books for Reference:
1. Heat & Thermodynamics by J.B.Rajam
2. Elements of properties of matter by Brijlal and Subramanium
34
Effective from 2008 - 2009
B. Sc. DEGREE
BRANCH: PHYSICS
SYLLABUS
(Effective from the academic year 2008 – 2009)
Semester- IV (II Year)
Paper-II
SUBJECT : ALLIED PHYSICS - II
SUBJECT CODE : BPHA 402
CREDITS : L+P
TEACHING HOURS: 75hrs
OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE:
 This paper gives brief ideas about various fields available in Physics and their
applications in day to day life.
 A thorough knowledge of this paper will help the student to understand the
relation of Physics with other major fields of Science.
Unit I: GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
Refraction – combination of two prisms to produce dispersion without deviation and deviation
without dispersion – defects of images – coma, distortion – spherical and chromatic aberration
in lenses.
Unit II: PHYSICAL OPTICS
Interference in thin films – interference in wedge shaped film – Newton’s rings – measurement
of wavelength and radius of curvature with theory – Diffraction – Fresnel’s explanation of
rectilinear propagation of light – theory of transmission grating – normal incidence –
Polarization – double refraction – Nicol prism – Optical activity – Polarimeter.
Unit III: NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Nuclear model – nuclear energy – mass defect – binding energy – Radio activity – Properties of
alpha, beta and gamma rays – liquid drop model – exponential law – Half life period – mean life
period – Radio carbon dating - fission and fusion – atom bomb – nuclear reactor – thermo
nuclear reactions – solar energy.
35
Effective from 2008 - 2009
Unit IV: RELATIVITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
Postulates of theory of relativity – Lorentz transformation equations – derivation – length
contraction – time dilation – mass energy equivalence – Uncertainty principle – postulates of
wave mechanics – Time Independent Schrodinger’s equation – application - particle in a box.
Unit V: ELECTRONICS
Basic electronics: Junction diode – LED – Zener diode – voltage regulator – Junction transistor
– characteristics – common base, common emitter modes – transistor biasing – amplifier (single
stage).
Digital electronics: AND, OR, NOT gates – construction using diodes and transistors – NAND
and NOR gates – Universal building blocks – Boolean algebra – De Morgan’s theorem –
verification – elementary ideas of ICs – SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI.
Books for Study:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Allied Physics by Dr. Dhanalakshmi, Dr.Sabesan
Allied Physics by Kamalakannan, Jayaraman
Text book of Optics by Brijlal and Subramanium
Digital principles and applications by Malvino & Leach.
Books for Reference:
1. Basic Electronics 6th edition by B.Grob, McGraw Hill, NY, 1989.
2. Modern Physics by R.Murugesan
3. Physics, 4th edition, Volumes 1,2 & 2 extended by D.Halliday, R.Resnick and
K.S.Krane, Wiley, NY, 1994.
36
Effective from 2008 - 2009
ALLIED PHYSICS PRACTICAL
(II Year)
Time: 3 Hrs / Experiment
SUBJECT CODE : BPHAP 41
Total Marks: 100
External: 60
Internal (Record-15): 40
1. Young’s modulus Non-uniform bending - Pin and Microscope
2. Rigidity modulus by Torsional oscillations
3. Comparison of Viscosities of two liquids – Burette method
4. Sonometer – AC Frequency
5. Newton's Rings - Radius of curvature of a lens
6. Air wedge - Thickness of wire
7. Surface Tension and Interfacial Surface Tension by drop weight method
8. Potentiometer - Calibration of low range voltmeter
9. Figure of Merit of a Galvanometer
10. Construction of OR, AND, NOT Gates using Diodes and Transistor
11. Zener Diode - Characteristics
12. NAND Gate as Universal Gate
37
Effective from 2008 - 2009