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ESPIRIT Early Civilization E ● ● ● ● ● ● ● S ● ● ● ● P ● ● ● ● ● ● I ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Agriculture lead to more complex economies. Agriculture also lead to humans settling in one spot and let them focus on the economies of those populations. Because of agriculture, people needed to interact with one another, trading foods and other tools, thus developing the economy of the Neolithic period. Agriculture supported larger populations and citizens could afford to construct villages. Cities and villages helped develop the economy because they grew in wealth and power and allowed rapid exchange of ideas among different people. Technology advances caused more trading to take place. Agricutlure leads to pottery which leads to trade and the bronze age. Surplus led to job specialization levels in society. Women became inferior to men in many societies Large cities like Catal Huyuk were especially divided by social staus the King was often seen as divine ulation of religion > court system > hierarchy: king as military leader Rise of agriculture led to communities “group living” People began to specialize in ruling these communities; agriculture in Neolithic Rev. more time for recreation opportunities, development of tribal leaders, etc. people oversaw communities, (ex. Catal Huyuk) = development of social classes. Bigger places > smaller places = ^^ political structures. Sumerians cuneiform treaties / ability to send messages/keep records. City states regulation of religion court system hierarchy - king as military leader Hammurabi’s Code - rules of procedures for courts of laws + regulated property rights. The early civilizations had begun to develop governments of their own and establish politics. Trade was conducted with people living in surroundings most likely to keep peace. Links over other communities were created - some ruled over the smallest ones Writing allowed contracts and treaties (Sumerians were first to create a writing system called cuneiform.) Nomads developed contacts among settled areas. There was coordination among communities to control irrigation systems. Warfare was vital to ensure slaves supply. Egypt was influenced by Mesopotamia’s trade and technology. R ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● I T Religious images (Male hunters and mother goddesses) were used to decorate the interior of homes Men usually took the role of religious leaders Sumerians linked astrology to religion Sumerian cities had their own patron gods and believed in hell priests conducted rituals in temples prayers and offerings to prevent floods and guarantee good health were extremely important Sumerians influenced the Jewish, Christian, and Muslim cultures Egyptian pharaohs had godlike statuses -With writing people could record records, tax more efficiently and make contracts and treaties. -The European settlers spanked their children which the American Indians did not approve of; they thought it was vicious and unnecessary. -Developed cuneiforms as away of communication. -based on what you worked as and what your gender was marked by your social structure. -Sumerians formed ziggurats and believed in many powerful gods. They said prayers to prevent floods and protect good health and they believed in Polytheism. -Hammurabi’s Code provided a set of rules for everybody to follow. -pyramids for the Pharaos. ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Worlds population grew and expanded Needed more steady food supply because of arise of population, so farming Farmed to often and that made the nutrients go away Started to get warmer Houses were being built more stronger and reliable New animals are domesticated A lot of nomad farmers used the SLASH AND BURN agriculture method Civilizations destroyed natural resources Got rid of stone tools and started using metal ones More wars and conflicts arose from that method